What are the reasons why speakers shift in speech context?

The order of command is not followed by informal communication channels, which grow from outside formal system. The grapevine as well as management going around were two informal channels.

Additionally, it is a formal method of communication with lax standards. A hierarchy as well as chain of command could not be necessary for this type of communication.

the information exchange that occurs both above and below the command chain. This method of communication is regarded as official and maintains the chain of command. The exchange of information between coworkers and peers 

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A commodity is a basic good that is used in trade and can be exchanged for other items of the same kind. The majority of the time, commodities are used as raw materials to create other products or services.

Portfolio volatility might be reduced by commodities. The historical correlation of commodities to traditional assets is low because factors like weather, politics or global production can influence commodity returns. Consequently, the returns from commodities could aid in lowering portfolio volatility.

A commodity market entails the purchase, sale, or trading of raw goods like coffee, gold, or oil. Soft commodities, such as livestock or agricultural products, contrast with hard commodities, which are typically natural resources.

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The effect of increasing competition on price for firms with market power is option d, it drives the price down to the level of costs.

Market power refers to a firm's ability to control price change by manipulating the supply and demand of the product in the market. If a firm has market power, it can increase its profitability and create obstacles for its new competitors. These firms are also called price makers as they can manipulate the price of the product without compromising their market share.

The effects of increasing competition on price lead to lower prices of the products and increased quality to win the customer's trust. If the firms with market power face increasing competition on the price of the products, it would bring down the price in comparison to competitors.

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The deadweight loss from the taxes essential to collect the funds for the support is excluded from the productivity advantages provided about by the application of the marginal social cost costing guideline.

In a monopoly, what does equilibrium price selling mean?

In order to set prices for commodities and services that are comparable to or nearly equivalent to the total value of making the product, authorities employ the approximate pricing rule. It is possible for managers or lawmakers to require a monopoly to set prices that are equal cost of manufacturing by using this priced rule.

The preceding formula is applied average costs:

By dividing the number of products from the average stock and acquisitions by the cost of the commodities that are listed for sale, you may determine average cost.

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Option d is correct. The securities that does not carry that exemption is bank holding company stock.

Certain subjects are expressly exempted under the unified securities act from the act's registration and advertising filing requirements. Stock of bank holding companies is the asset for which that exemption is not applicable. The SEC considers certain securities and transactions to be exempt from registration requirements. Government securities, bank securities, high-quality debt instruments, non-profit securities, and insurance contracts are typical examples of exempt securities.

Even if the bonds are an exempt security, the sale to an individual client is not an exempt transaction. Unsolicited transactions, sales to institutions, and sales by fiduciaries are all exempt.

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The government agency that was established during the Great Depression and still protects consumer savings today is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an autonomous agency initiated by Congress to sustain stability and public confidence in the nation's financial system. The FDIC certifies deposits; examines and supervises economic organizations for security, soundness, and consumer protection; makes gigantic and intricate financial institutions resolvable; and organizes receiverships.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has been administered as an integral part of the nation's financial system for 50 years.

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The area first item appearing on the statement of stockholders' equity is b.dividends.

Dividend-making investment can be an exquisite funding strategy. Dividend shares have historically outperformed the S&P 500 with much less volatility. it is because dividend stocks provide two resources to going back: normal income from dividend bills and capital appreciation of the stock charge. This total return can upload over the years.

During the long term, dividends aren't lost money for the reason that a coins dividend reduces an employer's funds to be had for commercial enterprise investments. in which those investments can meet or beat what an individual investor can earn by investing the coins on their own.

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Answer:

Camp Nou has been the soccer team's home since its completion in 1957, seating 99,354 fans. According to the club's website, Espai Barca will generate $207 million (€200 million) annually through sponsorship, title rights, VIP boxes, premium hospitality services, event space and the club's updated museum.Explanation:

Describe typical job duties for the following health and fitness positions: (a) group exercise instructor, (2) fitness instructor, (3) health and fitness counselor, (4) personal trainer, and (5) health and fitness director.

Counsellors of country are senior contributors of the British royal circle of relatives to whom the monarch can delegate and revoke royal features through letters patent below the extremely good Seal, to prevent postpone or difficulty inside the dispatch of public business in the case in their infection (besides general incapacity) or of their meant or actual absence from the United Kingdom. Counsellors of state may additionally perform "such of the royal functions as may be exact within the Letters Patent".[1] In practice, this means maximum of the monarch's respectable responsibilities, consisting of attending Privy Council meetings, signing ordinary documents and receiving the credentials of recent ambassadors to the court of St James's.[2] but, by way of regulation, counsellors of nation can not furnish ranks, titles or peerages.

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If there was a reduction in the amount of labor that was available or if Congress raised the minimum wage significantly, the aggregate supply curve would shift to the left over time.

Changes in inflationary expectations, variations in the labor force and capital stock, variations in government action (which is not the same as government spending), variations in productivity, and supply shocks all affect how the short-run aggregate supply curve behaves. Because resource prices adjust over time to changes in the price level, there is little incentive for businesses to shift their output, leading to a vertical long-run aggregate supply curve. Prices and wages have little long-term impact on the aggregate supply curve.

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Social facilitation, the improvement in performance that results from working with others instead of by oneself, is one reason why people working in teams are more productive.

In the presence of observers, people will act in a different way, according to Norman Triplett's social facilitation hypothesis. People typically perform worse on fresh or complex activities and better on basic or well-known jobs, in particular.

A task that is difficult or complex has a lower likelihood of being socially facilitated. An improvement in task performance might happen instead. In contrast to individuals who don't or who have low self-esteem, people who are more self-assured or who view social surroundings favorably may notice an improvement in their performance.

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Umpqua defines other financial institutions that perform banking services as their competitors. therefore they take an industry-based approach to its competition.

“A right away competitor offers the same products and services aimed at the same goal marketplace and purchaser base, with the same intention of income and marketplace percentage increase. this means that your direct competition is focused on the identical audience as you, selling the identical products as you, in a similar distribution model as you.”

There are four varieties of competition in a loose marketplace device: best competition, monopolistic opposition, oligopoly, and monopoly. under monopolistic competition, many sellers provide differentiated products—merchandise that fluctuate barely but serves similar functions.

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More than half of nonfederal hospital health care in this country is provided by for-profit hospitals is false

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The budgeted fixed manufacturing cost rate is the lowest for theoretical capacity.

The quantity of throughput that could be achieved if a production facility was able to operate continuously at its highest efficiency level is known as theoretical capacity. Since theoretical capacity is so difficult to achieve in practice, it shouldn't be used for planning or bonus compensation. Many circumstances, including as planned and unplanned maintenance, personnel and raw material shortages, equipment replacements, power outages, flooding, and earthquakes, might prevent a facility from operating at its theoretical capacity.

Based on the machines, people, and space, practical capacity is most likely to occur. Theoretical capacity represents the complete utilization of all resources in an ideal world. It is clear that theoretical capacity is practically unattainable.

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If it looks like the economy is going to expand, stock prices may rise. Investors may buy more stocks thinking they will see future profits and higher stock prices. If the economic outlook is uncertain, investors may reduce their buying or start selling.

It is within the Bank of Canada's power to change interest rates in an effort to stabilize or strengthen the domestic economy. It is known as monetary policy. In the event that a business borrows money to expand and enhance operations, higher interest rates will raise the cost of its debt. The company's earnings and dividend payments to shareholders may be impacted by this. Consequently, its stock price could drop. Additionally, during times of rising interest rates, investors frequently find interest-bearing investments more alluring than stocks. If it looks like the economy will expand, stock prices can rise. The expectation of future gains and higher stock prices may lead investors to buy additional stocks. If the economic climate worsens, investors may begin to sell or reduce their buying.

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Lease agreements, in contrast to residential leases, are typically in properties zoned for commercial use, which tends to have laxer building requirements because the buildings are still not occupied.

This necessitates considerably more specific usage information in the new contract. Even Tougher Commitments

A commercial lease is what?

A commercial lease is a legal agreement with both a landlord and a tenant for the rental of commercial property. Domestic leases are significantly simpler than lease leases commercial properties.

What details ought to be contained in an industrial lease contract

The form of contract and the methodology for determining rent should be specified in the tenancy agreement. The aforementioned conditions are conventional agreements but are negotiable, as with other terms of a rental agreement.

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The portrayal of older persons in modern commercials as advertisements, intellectual, and active may be a result of their rising economic status. The right response in this case is option D.

Age has a variety of effects on physical exercise involvement, including for young toddlers to become confident movers, gross motor skills must be developed from an early age. People who do this typically take part more actively. Teenagers go through a growth spurt that alters their physical maturation.

Advertisers should take note of this since demographics like age are crucial to their marketing plans. Companies might increase the efficiency of their advertising initiatives by using that data.

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Several european countries suffered from financial crises at the same time as the united states. The country that matches each particular crisis are:

A - ‘Spain’

B - ‘Greece’

C - ‘Slovenia’

D - ‘Portugal’

E - ‘Ireland’

F - ‘Cypress’

G - ‘Italy’.

Even while these nations shared a number of problems, including government budget deficits that increased the public debt and bank failures brought on by an excess of subprime loans, each nation added its own unique perspective to the crisis situation.

The European Central Bank intervened to buy defaulted loans and provide short-term credit to each nation's banks. Generally speaking, the ECB required that the debt deals include fiscal adjustments.

In 2014, Spain had the highest rate of unemployment at 25%. Particularly heavily struck by unemployment were younger workers.

Lastly, High interest rates (up to 25%) and rioting were notable in Greece. The austerity measures the ECB enforced were opposed by the population. In response, the ECB decreased its interest rate for Greece and paid interest.

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See full question below

Several European countries suffered from financial crises at the same time as the United States. Select the country that matches each particular crisis.

a. In 2013, ______________ suffered from an unemployment rate of 25% and huge amounts of debt.

b. ______________ suffered under interest rates of 25% after the recession hit the shipping industry hard.

c. In ______________, the newest member of the Eurozone, politicians have a great deal of control over the banking industry.

d. ______________ was unable to cut the government budget because the courts overturned key laws.

e. The crisis in ______________ began much as it did in the United States, when a housing bubble burst.

f. In spite of many bank failures, the people of ______________ did not want investors and banks to receive a government bailout.

g. ______________ remained in a recession longer than other nations, due to very slow economic growth.

WORD BANK

Ireland

Greece

Portugal

Cypress

Spain

Italy

Slovenia

The given statement, in the small-country model, the price equals the world price if the country is open to trade, is true.

National wellbeing declines whenever a tiny nation imposes a tariff. The loss to national welfare will increase when the tariff is raised. Income is redistributed as a result of the tariff. While consumers lose out, producers and the receivers of government spending profit. According to the "small country" assumption, the country's imports make up such a small portion of the global market that even a complete ban on imports would have no impact on global demand for the good and hence have little impact on global prices.

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The first thing Bob should do with any extra money he may have is to pay the credit card charges which have 14% interest on his unpaid balance.

The credit card usually functions as a replacement for cash or a cheque and typically offers an unsecured revolving line of credit. Without taking into account fees paid to merchant service providers, credit card processing costs typically vary from 2.87% to 4.35% of each transaction. These expenses, which can build up and reduce your income as a small business owner, can be costly.

Moreover different operation of credit card fees exists and also provides strategies for reducing them. The amount of each transaction's credit card processing fee that a merchant may charge cannot exceed 4%. A surcharge on each transaction that covers the expense of the fee allows retailers to pass the cost on to the customer.

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Bonds payable have a balance of $1,000,000 and discount on bonds payable has a balance of $24,000. if the issuing corporation redeems the bonds at 98, $15,000 gain is the amount of gain or loss on redemption

(1,000,000-10,000) - (1,000,000x97.5)=990,000-975,000=15,000 gain.

A corporation is an organisation—usually a set of humans or a business enterprise—authorized by using the country to act as a unmarried entity and diagnosed as such in regulation for certain purposes. Early included entities were established through charter. maximum jurisdictions now allow the creation of latest groups through registration.

An organization is a business entity that is owned by means of its shareholder(s), who decide on a board of directors to supervise the corporation's sports. The agency is chargeable for the moves and price range of the enterprise – the shareholders aren't. An agency is continually a organization, however now not all corporations are corporations. The term business enterprise can check with many special enterprise structures, such as: Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship operates with one man or woman who handles all enterprise operations.

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The capacity or the incentive to create will diminish due to a rise in production costs or a drop in productivity, which will result in a movement of AS upward and to the left on the macro model.

A cost is the worth of money that has been expended to produce something or provide a service and is therefore no longer available for use in production, research, retail, and accounting. In the case of an acquisition cost, the money spent on the acquisition is considered the cost. In this instance, money is the input used to obtain the item. This acquisition cost may include both additional transaction expenses incurred by the acquirer over and beyond the price given to the producer, as well as the cost of production as borne by the original producer. The pricing typically includes a profit margin above the cost of manufacture.

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A commercial bank loan is a bank loan that places limitations or covenants on the business choices an entrepreneur makes regarding the company's activities.

A commercial bank is a kind of financial institution that accepts deposits from the general public and gives borrowers loans for consumption and investments that will yield profits. It can also refer to a bank, or a division of a huge bank, that deals with corporations or a large/middle-sized organisation, to separate it from a retail bank and an investment bank. Commercial banks include both banks in the public and private sectors. The word "bank" is derived from the Italian word "banco," which means "desk or bench." During the Italian Renaissance, Florentine bankers used this word to describe their workstation, which was covered in a green tablecloth. Nevertheless, there is historical proof of banking activity.

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The sequential order that a statement of cash flow is prepared, given the headings, and line items is :

The first thing to put down is the company name and then the title, "Statement of Cash Flows. " The next line should have the period that the statement is for.

Starting off is the cashflows from operating activities and then the net cash from those activities. Investing activities comes after that and then the cash flows from financing activities. The net cash from all activities is calculated, and then the cash balance at the period end.

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To stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment, the Federal Reserve will lower the federal funds rate target.

The Federal Reserve could buy securities on the open market to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment. The Federal Reserve employs expansionary monetary policy, which includes purchasing securities and lowering interest rates, to stimulate or expand the economy.

The Federal Reserve aims for a lower fed funds rate to encourage borrowing. Both of these actions stimulate the economy.

The Federal Reserve bases the funds rate on the interest rate on excess reserves. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which banks lend to each other.

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A price reduction raises total revenue if demand is elastic, and has no effect on total revenue if demand is unit elastic.

According to a constant relationship between the price elasticity of demand and total revenue, inelastic demand reduces total revenue. The elasticity does not change as the demand curve moves along.

Price elasticity is a term used by economists to describe how variations in price affect a product's supply and demand.

Supply, or the price elasticity of supply, exhibits elasticity similar to that of demand. The price elasticity of supply describes the link between a change in price and a change in supply. It is determined by subtracting the percentage change in price from the percentage change in quantity offered. The two elasticities work together to define what products are produced and at what costs.

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Unsystematic risk does not affect a stock's risk premium because it only affects a single company or even an entire industry. It is also dangerous when it relates to a specific security.The correct option is B. market risk.

But the risk premium of a stock is not affected by it. Only systematic risk affects the risk Diversifiable risk and non-systematic risk are other names for unsystematic risk.Market risk is the option that a well-diversified investor in common stocks should select as their best answer. This word alludes to the probability of an investor suffering losses due to market conditions that have an impact on how well the financial markets perform. Therefore, it is clear that market risks are more important to a well-diversified investor in common stocks than the other risks described, such as specific, unsystematic, and diversification risks.

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Agriculture is critical to developing countries, both economically and in its potential to improve people's lives.

Agriculture or farming is the exercise of cultivating plant life and cattle. Agriculture turned into an important thing development in the upward push of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created meals surpluses that enabled humans to live in towns. The records of agriculture started heaps of years ago.

Agriculture is the artwork and technology of cultivating the soil, developing vegetation and elevating livestock. It includes the coaching of plant and animal products for people to apply and their distribution to markets. Agriculture presents most of the arena's food and fabric.

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Increasing the cost of credit through the funds rate Curbs demand and helping reduce inflationary pressures in the short run. The federal funds rate is one of the most closely watched economic indicators in the United States.

In the United States, the federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight without collateral. Reserve balance is the amount held at the Federal Reserve to maintain the reserve requirements of depository institutions. Institutions with surplus balances in their accounts lend those balances to institutions that need larger balances. The federal funds rate is an important benchmark in financial markets.

The effective federal funds rate (EFFR) is calculated as the effective average interest rate of overnight transactions of federal funds during the previous business day. It is published daily by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

The target level of federal funds is determined by meetings of members of the Federal Open Market Committee which usually occur eight times a year about seven weeks apart. The committee may also hold additional meetings and implement changes to level targets outside of its normal schedule.

The Federal Reserve uses open market operations to make the effective rate of federal funds follow the target rate of federal funds. The target rate was chosen in part to affect the amount of money circulating in the US economy.

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The net present value of the investment is $1,766.54.

The difference in total undiscounted cash inflows and outflows is $8,000

Cash inflow refers to all of the money generated by your company's activities—any method used to generate profits. Customer payments, return on investments, and interest received on loans made to another firm are all examples of cash influx.

Cash outflow comprises all debts, obligations, and operational costs—any money leaving your company.

Cash outflow types include:

We can calculate the net present value now that we have identified the total cash inflows.

Cash outflow = $27,000

Cash inflow   = $25,233.46

Net present value = Cash outflow - Cash inflow

= $27,000 - $25,233.46

= $1,766.54

The net present value is $1,766.54, as shown.

To calculate the difference between undiscounted cash inflows and cash outflows, we must first calculate the undiscounted cash inflow.

Cash inflow = Cash flow× Useful life

= $7,000×5

= $35,000

After calculating the undiscounted cash inflow, we can calculate the difference between the total undiscounted cash inflows and cash outflows.

Cash inflow = $35,000

Cash outflow = $27,000

Net cash flow = Cash inflow - Cash outflow

=  $35,000 -  $27,000

= $8,000

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