acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) is the major control point of fatty acid synthesis. how is it regulated?

5700 ± 30 years

Carbon 14 is an isotope of carbon, which has longest life amongst the three isotopes of carbon but very low abundance as compared to the other isotopes of carbon.

Carbon-14 nucleus has six protons and eight neutrons, for an atomic mass of 14.

It is a radioactive isotope of carbon.

Its half life is too high which makes it useful for dating in archaeology and to know age of fossils.

Carbon-14 decays slowly in a living organism. After the organism dies, it ceases to absorb carbon-14, such that the amount of the isotope in the tissues of decayed organisms decreases.

It has a half-life of 5,730 ± 30 years which means half of the amount of the isotope present at any instant will undergo disintegration during the next 5,730 years.

Carbon-14 decays at a constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its leftover  carbon-14.

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The order of reducing potential is H⁺< Cu⁺² < I₂< Fe⁺³ < Au⁺³ < F₂ .

Given:

Fe⁺³ (aq) + e⁻ → Fe⁺² (aq)       E° = +0.77 v

Cu⁺²  (aq) + e⁻ →  Cu⁺ (aq)     E°=  +0.15 V

F₂ (g) + 2e⁻ →   2F⁻  (aq)         E° = +2.87 V  

2H⁺ (aq)  + 2e⁻ → H₂  (g)         E° = 0.00 V

Au⁺³ (aq) + 3e⁻ →   Au(s)         E° = 1.50 V

I₂ (s) + 2e⁻ →   2I⁻ (aq)             E° = 0.53 V

Smallest reducing potential means strongest oxidation potential.

So, the order of reducing potential is H⁺< Cu⁺² < I₂< Fe⁺³ < Au⁺³ < F₂ .

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The broad absorbances are observed for COOH and OH  . Because they form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

What is intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is a type of attractive force between molecules. It occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. The hydrogen atom then acts as an electron donor, transferring its electron density to the electronegative atom. This creates an electrostatic attraction between the molecules, resulting in a strong bond. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and surface tension. They also play a role in the structure of proteins and DNA. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds, but can be formed between molecules that are far apart. This makes them important for many biological, chemical, and physical processes.

The broad absorbances are observed for COOH and OH  . Because they form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The hydrogen bonding interaction between two ethanol molecules

CH3-CH2-OH ------------ OHCH2-CH3

Dotted line = intermolecular interaction .

e.g. NH3

(CH3)3C-OH===== tertiary butyl alcohol

Here presence of bulky methyl group H- bond ability decreases and hence broad absorption is not observed.

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Compared to burning natural gas or petroleum, coal combustion produces more carbon dioxide.

Natural gas produce the least CO2.

The primary source of most emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) that are created by humans is the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and petroleum for energy.

The basic components of fossil fuels are carbon and hydrogen. When fossil fuels are burned, oxygen reacts with both carbon and hydrogen to create CO2 and water (H2O). Coal emits the highest amount of CO2.

We use the heat produced by these reactions as energy. The fuel's carbon content determines how much CO2 is generated (emitted), while the fuel's hydrogen and carbon contents determine how much heat is generated.

Natural gas combustion creates less CO2 than burning other fossil fuels because natural gas, which is primarily composed of CH4, has a high hydrogen concentration.

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The disintegrations occur per second is 76.2 decay/ sec.

what is disintegrations ?

A compound can be broken down into two or more simpler molecules or atoms by a process called chemical disintegration. Reversible or irreversible, endothermic or exothermic are the two terms used to describe all chemical disintegration reactions.

What is half-life ?

The half-life is the amount of time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay by half. The half-life of a specific radioactive isotope is constant; it is unaffected by outside influences and has no connection to the isotope's initial concentration.

Mass of sample = 305g

ratio of C₆¹⁴ in the sample N =13/ 1d²

Half life  C₆¹⁴ T1/2 = 530*36s*10^7sec

atomic mass of pure carbon C₆¹⁴ M=12g

avagadro number Nₐ=6.03*10^23

hence the number of radioactive nuclei of  C₆¹⁴

n=m/M*Nₐ*n

305/ 12* 6.023* 10²³* 13/10¹²

= 1.99*10¹³nuclei

decays/secs ΔN/Δt= nt

ΔN/Δt= n* 0.693/T1/2

ΔN/Δt= nX 0.693/T1/2

ΔN/Δt= (1.99*10²³)  (0.693/5730*3.16*10⁷)

Δn/Δt= 76.2 decay/ sec

Therefore, disintegrations occur per second is 76.2 decay/ sec.

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None of the aforementioned, as SF6 is the gas that is most likely to deviate from the kinetic-molecular theory's presumption that there are no forces of attraction or attraction between molecules.

The kinetic-molecular theory, which describes the states of matter, is based on the presumption that matter is composed of minuscule particles that are constantly in motion. This theory explains the observable properties and behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases. The theory specifically relates to the gas's ideal-gas representation.

The physical and chemical properties of a substance are present in even the tiniest constituent. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. They could include different atoms or the same atoms. if there are multiple (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).

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Answer:

Hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds are a special type of dipole-dipole forces in which the hydrogen atoms is bonded to a highly electronegative atom or to another hydrogen atom. In the structure of ethanol there is an O-H bond which indicates hydrogen bonding.

If the solvent-solute interactions are weaker than the average of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the overall mixing process is said to be endothermic process.

The endothermic process can be defined as the process in which the reactants the will absorbed the heat from the surroundings . the heat is gained from the surrounding in the endothermic process and the surroundings temperature will decreases.

The solvent - solute interaction < solute - solvent interaction \and the solute solute interaction then the solution may be or may not be formed.

Thus, then heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the overall mixing process is called as endothermic process.

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Na⁺(aq)+OH⁻(aq)+H⁺(aq)+Cl⁻(aq)→ Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) is the total ionic reaction.

The reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one chemical substance to another.

Just to help to understand what is happening here, here the complete non-ionic reaction is shown

equation for the neutralization reaction of sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) with hydrochloric acid ( HCl ), write the total ionic equation (also known as the complete ionic equation) by entering both the reactant and the product species, separated by the reaction arrow.

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O

Now, you have to separate the ionic substances into the ions, which gives the desired answer:

Na⁺(aq)+OH⁻(aq)+H⁺(aq)+Cl⁻(aq)→ Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻(aq)

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A chemical bond can be formed by exchange of electrons, sharing of electrons.

There are majorly three types of chemical bonds.

These are:

Ionic Bond,

Covalent Bond,

and Metallic Bonds.

And out of these three types of bonds, Ionic Bonds are the strongest bonds.

Ionic Bond: When an atom lose or gain the electron to attain the stability it forms ions and the attractive forces between two oppositely charged ions is known as ionic attractions or electrostatic attractive forces.

and such formed bonds are known as ionic bonds.

An ionic bond is formed when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is high as an electron transfer to occur to form the ions.

Covalent Bond: A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

A covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.

Metallic Bonds: Metallic bonds are made up of electrostatic attraction between metal cations and the delocalized electrons. Metallic bond is  collective sharing of valence electrons between several positively charged metal ions.

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According to Aufbau Principle electrons are to be filled in a pattern that is, starting from lower-energy atomic orbitals electrons will be filling into the higher-energy orbitals.

So, electrons will be filled in the 4d orbital before 5d orbital.

Also the electron in 4d orbital will lie closer to the nucleus as compared to the electron in the 5d orbital.

as the principle quantum number for the electron in 4d orbital is 4, which means the electron is present in shell 4, i.e. n=4.

Whereas, the principle quantum number for the electron in 5d orbital is 5, which means the electron is present in shell 5, i.e. n=5.

If we see Neil Bohr's atomic model,

Electrons in 4th shell will be closer to the atomic nucleus than that of electron in 5th shell.

For clarification, you can see the figure.

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Valence electrons: 34, The Lewis structure of SF4 contains a total of 34 valence electrons. To determine the ideal Lewis structure for the molecule SF4, formal charges should be taken into consideration.

We get 15 lone electron pairs out of the 30 non-bonding electron pairs that are present on the outer F and O atoms. Therefore, there are three lone electron pairs and six non-bonding electrons in each fluorine and oxygen atom. As a result, there are 3 x 4 (F) + 3 (O) = 15 total lone electron pairs on the SOF4 leis structure.

An inorganic compound gas having the formula SOF4 is thionyl tetrafluoride. Oxide of sulfur tetrafluoride is another name for it. The oxygen is located on the equator of the molecule's deformed trigonal bipyramid structure.

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A compound reacts with an element to form a new compound and a different element is true.

A new substance is produced when various sorts of atoms combine to form a compound. The physical and chemical characteristics of new compounds differ from those of the original elements. They now have separate lives. Formulas for compounds are used to identify the elements from the periodic table that are mixed.

A synthesis reaction involves the interaction of components or compounds with one another to create a single new substance. A single component will disintegrate to produce two or more new compounds in a breakdown process. The chemicals created might be a combination of both compounds and elements.

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The volume of the balloon at the center of the typhoon is 43.75L.

The low atmospheric pressure at the core of a tropical storm affects how powerful it is. Typhoon Odessa, which made landfall in the Pacific Ocean in August 1985, had winds that could reach 90 miles per hour and a pressure that was 40.0 mbar lower at the centre than the surrounding atmosphere. When Hurricane Andrew (shown), which had winds of up to 165 mph, struck south Florida, its central pressure was 90.0 mbar lower than its surroundings.

It is presumed that the temperature is constant because no variations were mentioned. Therefore, the new volume at the core of Typhoon Odessa is calculated using Boyle's law, which explains the relationship between pressure and volume. According to Boyle's law, P1V1 = P2V2 in mathematics.

If we assume that 1 bar = 1 atm, 1 mbar = 0.001 atm, and 40 mbar = 0.040 atm

P1=1.0 atm, V1=42.0 litres, P2=1 atm - 0.040 atm = 0.960 atm, and V2=?

Employing P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 1.0 * 42.0 / 0.96

V2 = 43.75L

Consequently, the balloon at the typhoon's core has a 43.75 L volume.

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Analyte concentration is the first step.

The precise concentration of the analyte must be determined in order to produce accurate results. Concentrations are often expressed as moles per liter.

Given data in step two.

The problem's knowns are listed in the table to get things started. Data for chemicals, and were examined.

Area relative to a compound

A B C relative detector response

ye.commastmastmas, and

Determine the compound percentages in step 3.

To find the corrected area, divide the relative detector response by the relative area. The corrected area is then divided by the total corrected area, which results in the percent of the compound, which is relative detector response corrected area compound relative area .

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Analyte concentration is the first step.

The precise concentration of the analyte must be determined in order to produce accurate results. Concentrations are often expressed as moles per liter.

Given data in step two.

The problem's knowns are listed in the table to get things started. Data for chemicals, and were examined.

Area relative to a compound

A B C relative detector response and

Determine the compound percentages in step 3.

To find the corrected area, divide the relative detector response by the relative area. The corrected area is then divided by the total corrected area, which results in the percent of the compound, which is relative detector response corrected area compound relative area .

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The decreasing order for the boiling point will be: heptane (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃) > 3,3-dimethylpentane (CH3₃CH₂CCH₂CH₃CH₃) >Hexane( CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃CH₃ )> Butane(CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃)

Boiling point can be described as the temperature that causes the transition from liquid to vapor state. Boiling point depends on molar mass and branching. Since they are all alkanes, they have the same potency. so from their structure:

Intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid, as opposed to intramolecular forces such as strengths of covalent bonds that bind atoms or polyatomic ions within molecules. Intermolecular forces are often much weaker than covalent bonds.

your question is incomplete but most probably your full Question was

The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point. Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

a)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃CH₃

c)CH3₃CH₂CCH₂CH₃CH₃

d)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

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Due to its higher polarity than the beginning methyl benzoate, the product's Rf value on the a gel TLC plate is lower.

The statement is true

The FDA has also given it the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) designation. If ingested in doses of less that 5 mg/kg or body weight per day, sodium benzoate is regarded as safe for human health. This level saw the establishment of the Acceptable Daily Sodium intake (ADI).

Despite being regarded as safe, scientists have demonstrated that mixing sodium benzoate with ascorbic acid can have unfavorable side effects (vitamin C). Their research shows that it eventually transforms into benzene, a recognized carcinogen that may result in cancer.

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Answer:

1 mole

Explanation:

This very useful relationship is often used in the working with gases.  At STP, all gases occupy 22.4 liters.  It is a very useful conversion factor that is very useful in gas law calculations.

Answer:

E. OZONE

Explanation:

Of more importance to us, ultraviolet photons have enough energy to damage or destroy DNA, visible and infrared photons do not. When we absorb visible or infrared photons the energy carried by the photon goes into heating us up, but will not permanently damage our cells like ultraviolet photons can.

answer is E. Ozone

Answer:

Vanadium is a transition metal, so it can lose an electron from its outermost energy level to form a positively charged ion.

If Vanadium loses an electron, its electron configuration would change to reflect the loss of an electron.

For example, the electron configuration of Vanadium in its neutral state is [Ar] 3d^3 4s^2.

If it loses an electron, its electron configuration would change to [Ar] 3d^3.

This is because the lost electron would come from the 4s orbital, which is the outermost energy level of Vanadium.

Explanation:

There must be just one microstate, the solid must be ionic, and it must be completely crystalline.

The concept of entropy with examples.

A measure of the system's energy distribution's entropy. We come across evidence that the cosmos aims for the highest level of entropy in many facets of human life. A campfire is an example of entropy. Hard wood melts and transforms into ash, air, and fumes, all of which disperse energy faster than liquid fuel.

In what units is entropy measured?

J/K is the unit of measurement for entropy. The absolute, or Kelvin, digital thermometer must be used to calculate the heat required by this equation. On this scale, zero is the lowest possible temperature that any substance might experience. At absolute zero, all atom motion ceases, and the disorder in a substance is zero (0 K).

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The difference between the ranges of the strong nuclear force and the coulomb force that holds atomic nuclei together is the nuclear force, the tight force between nucleons.

At very short distances, nuclear forces repel, keeping protons and neutrons from getting too close to each other. The strong force holds together quarks, the elementary particles that make up the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, and further holds the protons and neutrons together into the atomic nucleus.

As such, it is responsible for the underlying stability of matter. The nuclear force arises from the exchange of virtual optical mesons, such as virtual pions, and two types of virtual mesons with spin (vector mesons), rho mesons and omega mesons.

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The benefits of using calcium chloride are, it is more efficient, it is safe for concrete, it is helpful for soil, it releases heat and it is pet friendly.

Calcium chloride is a very good agent for removing ice because of the following five reason,

1. It give a better performance with the decrease in temperature.

2. It provide more result even when present in less amount.

3. It is safe for concrete as it do not harm the concrete structure.

4. It releases heat when it melts the ice.

5. It is pet friendly because it is not toxic in nature.

The above mentioned reasons are what makes calcium chloride a better agent for melting the ice on roadways.

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The absolute temperature of a sample of monatomic ideal gas is doubled at constant volume. The effect, if any, does this have on the pressure and density of the sample of gas is doubled and remains the same.

The ideal gas equation is given that :

P V = n R T

where,

P = Pressure

V = volume

n = no. of moles

R = gas constant

T = temperature

it is clear from the above equation that if we doubled the temperature of the gas the pressure of the gas is also doubled because they are directly proportional to each other. the density is given as :

density = mass / volume

it is clear that density is only depends on the mass and the volume so, it will remains the same.

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The empirical formula of the solvent is CH4.

Relative number of atoms

Of H= 25/1 = 25

Of C= 75/12 = 6.25

What is a solvent?

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The iterative process is the practice of building, refining, and improving a project, product, or initiative. Teams that use the iterative development process create, test, and revise until they're satisfied with the end result.

The iterative process is a technique research and development teams use to help them optimize their products, services and business processes. The process involves repeated trial-and-error style cycles, where researchers adjust each cycle according to what they learned in the previous iteration.

By using this method, teams can design planned changes for their processes and encourage steady improvements toward an end goal. Careful planning and consideration of feedback can help teams conduct successful iterative processes.

Typically, business development and marketing research professionals use the iterative process to help them address design concerns, improve business strategies, optimize product features or quickly adjust to market changes.

The method can used for a variety of businesses and applications. Teams in marketing, software development, engineering, education or design might all use this process to analyze products or processes within their business.

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The molarity of the resulting solution is 0.65 M.

PV = nRT

Pressure is P.

Volume is V.

The number of moles is n.

Gas constant R

Temperature is T

n = PV/RT

n = 0.97 * 12.7/0.082 * 306

n = 12.3/25.1

N=0.49 moles.

Number of Mole/Volume Equals Molarity of the Solution

0.49 moles/0.750 liters

= 0.65 M

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Rubidium-87 to strontium-87 radioactive decay has a half life of 4.88 1010 years. According to nuclear chemistry analysis, a particular rock sample has 0.423 mmol of strontium-87 for every 1.000 mmol of Rb-87.

Strontium-87 is produced when the naturally occurring isotope rubidium-87 decays by beta emission. The theory behind a technique for dating rocks is based on this deterioration. There are detectable levels of rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) in the majority of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. However, because they are nearly never present in amounts greater than 1%, these elements are rarely found in normal chemical analyses. Strontium does create a carbonate (strontianite) and a sulfate (celestite), which are found in some hydrothermal deposits and certain sedimentary rocks, particularly carbonates, but neither rubidium nor strontium is a substantial component in the common rock-forming silicate minerals.

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the number of milliters of 0.540 m ba(oh)2 required is 97.80 ml

The given equation of reaction is

NiBr2(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq)  --> Ni(OH)2(s)+BaBr2(aq)

molarity of NiBr2 is 0.531 M

volume = 166 ml

Molarity of Ba(OH)2 = 0.54 M

let volume is V liters

According to the equation ,

      1mole of NiBr2 requires --> 1moles of Ba(OH)2

   0.531 * 0.166 = V * .540

 v =[tex]\frac{0.531*0.166}{0.54}[/tex]

V = 97.80 ml

Molarity (also called molarity, bulk concentration, or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species.

To find the molarity of a solution, divide the number of moles of solute by the total volume of the solution in liters.

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