The few nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups is common in the nucleotides.
Nucleotides are of two types namely DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid). Functioning as storage of genetic information, they are responsible for development of the cell and hence body and formation of proteins.
Nucleotides are made of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate groups. Both the nucleotides have common nitrogenous base adenine, guanine and cytosine. But, DNA contains thymine and RNA contains Uracil.
Now, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar. The difference lies in hydroxyl group at third carbon of the ring structure.
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Wind turbines can generate a great deal of usable energy and have become popular because there is no cost to use wind and they do not emit greenhouse gases. A typical wind turbine is only 30% efficient though. Explain what has happened to the other 70% of the energy.
Wind turbines can generate a great deal of usable energy and have become popular because there is no cost to use wind and they do not emit greenhouse gases. A typical wind turbine is only 30% efficient though, and the other 70% of the energy slows down and moves towards the air, and transmits that energy into a rotating turbine to regenerate the electricity, or other mechanical operations (such as milling grain).
The most energy that can be extracted from flowing air by a wind turbine of any design is 59.3 percent of the total energy or 16/27ths. This is known as Betz's Law or the Betz Limit. In 1919, Albert Betz published proof of the theorem.
The following criteria define wind power (not energy):
P = ½ × ρ × A × V³
Where:
P = Power in Watts
ρ (rho) = Air density in kg/m³
A = Swept area of the rotor in m²
V = Wind speed in m/s
As the Betz limit is approaching, more wind has a tendency to bypass the turbine and not be captured. The circle in which the rotor and blades rotate is known as the swept area of the rotor, not the surface area of the blades.
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another term for the antigen-hiding layer found on some bacterial besides glycocalyx or slime layer is:
Capsule is another term for the antigen-hiding layer found on some bacterial besides glycocalyx or slime layer.
The cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells are covered in a glycoprotein and glycolipid layer called the glycocalyx, also referred to as the peri cellular matrix. The glycocalyx, a cell covering found in animal cells, was first identified.
Animal epithelial cells have an outside plasma membrane surface that resembles a fuzz. Membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins include several carbohydrate moieties that act as the coating's supporting backbone molecules.
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in a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype nn is 40%. assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals would you expect to have the mn genotype?
The mn genotype, which describes an organism's entire set of genes and may be found in 232 people, is the genetic make-up of an organism.
Give an illustration of what a genotype is.A genotype is indeed a rating of the kind of variant that is present at a specific locus (i.e., place) in the genome. Symbols are a form of representation. To illustrate a specific gene variant, BB, Bb, bb might be utilized.
What is the genotype AA?Genotype There is no chance of them having a child with sickle cell disease regardless of who they mate with because they have the universally compatible genotype, or AA. Here are the genotypes that are compatible and incompatible: Compatible is AA plus AA. AS and AA are compatible. Compatible is AA plus SS.
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in a genome-wide expression study using a dna microarray assay, what is each spot used to detect?
Thermogenesis has been studied the plants withinside the genus arum, inclusive of skunk cabbage and the corpse flower.
In those plants, those hypotheses had been supplied to explain the purpose at the back of thermogenesis safety from frost damage leaf manufacturing and photosynthesis.
Thermogenesis, which takes region in specialized tissues such brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is defined because the disposal of strength thru the era of heat.
All metabolic sports concerned in maintaining the organism in a stay situation require obligatory thermogenesis, which takes region in all organs. It additionally consists of the strength used while meals is consumed, digested, and processed (thermic impact of meals, or TEF).
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What is the influence of family when it comes to determining your human sexuality?
Families may have a main effect at the well being of sexuality various younger people.
Young individuals who come from households that completely guide their sexuality have higher ordinary fitness, intellectual fitness, better self-esteem, and are much more likely to agree with they'll have a great existence as an adult.
Peer norms affect intentions to have sex, early sexual debut, and next sexual conduct; friends might also additionally affect adolescent sexual conduct thru direct modeling of sexual conduct and the adolescent's belief of peer attitudes towards sex.
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dna fragments can be separated out by size using gel electrophoesis. what property of dna allows this process to occur?
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to split combinations of DNA, RNA, or proteins in line with molecular length.
In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are driven via way of means of an electrical subject thru a gel that carries small pores. All DNA molecules have the equal quantity of fee according to mass.
Because of this, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments separates them primarily based totally on length only DNA is negatively charged, therefore, while an electric powered contemporary is carried out to the gel, DNA will migrate toward the undoubtedly charged electrode. Shorter strands of DNA circulate extra fast thru the gel than longer strands ensuing withinside the fragments being organized so as of length.
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which of these mutations will have an effect on the protein produced by the gene in which the mutation occurs? select all that apply.
Missense mutations will have an effect on the protein produced by the gene in which the mutation occurs.
A gene's DNA sequence can be changed in a variety of ways. Gene variants, commonly referred to as mutations, can affect a person's health in a variety of ways, depending on where they occur and if they change the way certain proteins operate. The following are examples of variant types: This kind of variation swaps out one nucleotide, which is a component of DNA, for another. By their impact on the generation of protein from the changed gene, substitution variations can be further categorized.
Missense: A missense variant is a form of substitution when a nucleotide change causes the protein produced from the gene to have a different amino acid in place of one that was originally present. The protein's functionality could be affected by the amino acid alteration.
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The growth hormone axis contains at least one example of a negative feedback loop.
a) true
b) false
The growth hormone axis will contain at least one example of the negative feedback loop is a true statement.
Classical research advocates that increased growth hormone (GH) secretion is managed with the aid of using the negative feedback loops mediated with the aid of using GH-liberating hormone (GHRH)- or somatostatin-expressing neurons. Catecholamines are acknowledged to adjust GH secretion and neurons expressing TH are positioned in numerous mind regions containing GH-responsive cells. Most hormones are managed with the aid of using terrible comments, wherein the hormone feeds again to lower its personal production. This form of comments brings matters again to every day each time they begin to end up too extreme. Positive comments are tons much less not unusual places as it reasons situations to end up increasingly extreme.
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How does the models support the idea that genetic mutations may arise from environmental factors?
The chemical tags that are attached to DNA, known as the epigenome, can potentially be altered by the environment. These tags change the amount of protein that is produced from the genes by making them more or less active.
Traits are frequently influenced by environmental factors rather than genetics. Although not always. Sometimes a gene's DNA sequence or degree of activity is altered by the environment. The proteins that a gene produces can be replaced by either of these effects, which in turn impacts characteristics.The nucleotide sequence of a gene may alter as a result of some harmful environmental influences. DNA strands, for instance, can be damaged by UV light. Certain pollutants, such as those found in plastic and cigarette smoke, can change how DNA bases behave chemically, allowing one DNA base to stand in for another.To know more about DNA check the below link:
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Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments.
a. True
b. False
Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments is false.
An atmosphere isn't stimulated via way of means of latitude, while a biome is stimulated. In an atmosphere, all animals have interaction in trophic interactions of meals chain and chains, while, in a biome, animals do now no longer always interact
There are 5 main forms of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, aleven though a number of those biomes may be in addition divided into extra particular categories, along with freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga. Aquatic biomes encompass each freshwater and marine biomes. Organisms that stay on land are essentially similar to organisms that stay in aquatic environments.
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Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments.a. Trueb. False
Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments is False.
Which organism is aquatic organism?Crabs, frogs, seals, octopuses, seahorses, starfish, and fish are examples of aquatic creatures, while crocodiles are one type of aquatic reptile.Freshwater and saltwater both naturally contain a large number of microbes. These comprise microorganisms like rotifers as well as bacteria, cyanobacteria, protozoa, and algae. These could play a significant role in the food chain that serves as the foundation for aquatic life.Algal, bacterial, and protozoan populations make up planktonic microbial communities. The creation of nearby aerobic and anaerobic microenvironments, as well as the cycling of crucial nutrients, are supported by the benthos' dramatically increased microbial population and activity.To learn more about aquatic environments refer,
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the phenonmenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints when they are part of a group is called
People who experience deindividuation lose their awareness of their socially constructed individual identities and turn to antisocial and anti-social behaviour.
One of the most frequently mentioned impacts of social groups is deindividuation, which is a condition of lower self-evaluation in a group. Deindividuation is a phenomena when people act in ways that appear impulsive, abnormal, and occasionally aggressive when they feel they can't be individually identified (e.g., in groups and crowds and on the Internet). The American social psychologist Leon Festinger first used the term "deindividuation" in the 1950s to refer to circumstances where individuals are unable to exist independently of one another. Due of the difficulty of locating or blaming individuals who are hidden inside a group, some deindividuated situations may result in a reduction in culpability.
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Of the following chromosomal abnormalities, which type is most likely to be viable in humans?
The least dangerous sort of DNA mutation is typically a point mutation, which involves changing just one nitrogen base in a DNA sequence. Messenger RNA "reads" codons, which are composed of three nitrogen bases consecutively, during transcription.
Which syndrome is depicted by the quizlet on XO chromosomal abnormalities?
Turner syndrome is distinguished by an XO chromosomal pattern, which means that there is only one X and no Y chromosome.
Which of the following has a chromosomal makeup that is unique?
Haploid. One set of chromosomes makes up the entirety of a haploid cell. Human cells are typically diploid (two copies of each chromosome) as opposed to haploid (one copy of each chromosome).
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given that curly hair (ww) and straight hair (ww) exhibit incomplete dominance, what are the chances that two individuals with wavy hair will have a curly-haired child?
There is a 25% probability that two people with wavy hair will give birth to a child with curly hair.
If both parents have wavy hair, the genotype is Ww since wavy hair is WW= curly hair, ww= straight hair, and Ww= wavy hair. It is a 1:2:1 ratio.
A phenotypic in between straight and curly hair is wavy hair. It is an instance of incomplete dominance because there is an intermediate phenotype present. There are no recessive alleles in total dominance; a heterozygote will exhibit the intermediate phenotype.
A gene's sequence carries instructions for producing a certain protein. When a mutation occurs, it alters the gene’s sequence and produces a different form of the gene that can modify the protein that is produced. The phenotypic of the organism may alter as a result. Every creature contains two alleles—one from each parent, a male, and a female—which are these alternative variants of the gene. A recessive allele is one that can be covered up by a dominant allele, whereas a dominant allele can cover up the effects of another allele. As a result, an organism will manifest the dominant trait whether it possesses two copies of the dominant allele or one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele. Only when an organism possesses two recessive alleles will it manifest the recessive characteristic.
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scientists mate two parrots from different populations to see if speciation has occurred. the parrots mate over and over again, but the male sperm never fertilizes the female egg.
Mating occurs, but gametes not able to unite. This is example of gametic isolation, a prezygotic reproductive barrier.
Reproduction is the manufacturing of offspring. There are most important paperwork: sexual and asexual replicas. In a sexual replica, an organism combines the genetic data from each of its dad and mom and is genetically particular. In an asexual replica, one determines to copy itself to shape a genetically identical offspring.
There are two kinds of duplicates: asexual and sexual reproduction. though asexual reproduction is quicker and extra strength green, sexual replica higher promotes genetic variety via new combinations of alleles in the course of meiosis and fertilization.
It is an organic system thru which residing organisms produce offspring just like them.
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The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing _____ ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell
Answer: potassium
Explanation:
when a habitat has been seriously degraded by chemical pollution, what type of recovery plan would be effective?
If a habitat has been seriously degraded by pollution, cleanup and rehabilitation would be effective.
When left alone, ecosystems operate fairly well; they behave as a system of equilibrium. A single, minor alteration to an ecosystem, usually brought about by people, might, nevertheless, upset the delicate balance. Humans are responsible for the extinction of hundreds of species as a result of activities including clearing land for crops and roads, destroying habitats to make place for buildings, and polluting the environment. There are repercussions for the animals and plants that depend on a particular habitat when humans change it. Habitat fragmentation is the word used when we divide an environment into smaller pieces by erecting buildings or roads (fragmentation means breaking into smaller chunks). Humans unavoidably harm the environment when they construct. Anthropogenic contamination is the name given to human-caused pollution.
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When two traits are expressed equally with neither being dominant over the other this called?
Codominance is the term used when two traits will be expressed equally and neither is dominant over the other.
In terms of genetics, codominance is a sort of inheritance in which two distinct expressions (alleles) of the same gene result in distinct features in a person. That is, both qualities emerge rather than one trait predominating over the other, as in a plant or animal with multiple pigment colors. partial dominance The term "incomplete dominance" refers to the phenotypic "blending" of two features, which implies that neither trait is truly dominant over the other.
Both hues are expressed concurrently, rather than one overpowering the other. Codominance. One common characteristic of people that you can't really see just by looking at them, but that many people are aware of, is their blood type. One A allele and one B allele are present in individuals with the blood type AB. Their blood type is AB because both alleles are expressed simultaneously.
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in your own words explain how changes in solar activity affected global climate in the past !worth 50 points!
Answer:
In the past, changes in solar activity had a significant effect on global climate. When the sun was more active, it would produce more radiation and ultraviolet radiation, which would lead to an increase in global temperatures. On the other hand, when the sun was less active, less radiation was produced, which would lead to a decrease in global temperatures. These changes in solar activity could cause significant shifts in global climate, such as the Little Ice Age, which occurred from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century.
Explanation:
Answer:
While solar changes have historically caused climate changes, the sun is mostly likely responsible for less than 15 percent of the global temperature increases we've seen over the last century, during which human-caused changes such as increased greenhouse gases caused the majority of warming."
Explanation:
I learned that
Which of the following statements is not used to define science?
a) Science is testable
b) Science is a process
c) Science seeks confirmation
d) Science refers to the body of knowledge that scientists have gathered over the years
Answer: b
Explanation:
muscle fibers contain cylindrical structures called myofibrils, which are composed of ______.
muscle fibers contain cylindrical structures called myofibrils, which are composed of Skeletal- Gross Anatomy
What materials make up myofibrils?The thin and thick myofilaments that make up the myofibrils are what give it muscle the striped appearance.Along with 2 other muscle regulating proteins, tropomyosin and troponin, the thick filaments are made up of strands of the protein myosin, while the thin filaments are made up of strands of the protein actin.
A muscle fiber is made up of what three components?The layer or connective tissue known as the perimysium surrounds each bundle or muscle fibers, in which fasciculi are referred to.The fasciculus' endomysium, a connective tissue, surrounds each muscle fiber fiber or muscle cell.
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Help pleas3(PEOPLE THATS GOING TO HELP)
Answer: #1: Scientist and crime solvers are alike by both figuring out what happened when theres no one there to witness and by looking for clues to help them solve something.
#2: The five areas of science mentioned that have evidence for evolution are paleontology, biography, developmental biology, morphology, and genetics.
Explanation: Look at the first 2 sentences for question #1 and for question #2 look at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th sentences to find your answer. - From a 7th grade student :)
Mary Keeper woke up with yet another throbbing headache and decided she couldn’t stand it anymore—she needed to see a physician. She not only has this headache, but her eyes have been bothering her and her right wrist has hurt constantly for about a week and she does not know why. She did She took some Tylenol® and then spent the rest of the morning lying on her couch drinking several glasses of water (10 glasses altogether) until the physician’s office opened that morning.
She made an urgent appointment to see Dr. Nee. Physical Examination Vital Signs
Age: 41 years old
Weight: 120 lbs
Height: 5′ 6″
Temperature: 36.9°C
Pulse: 90 beats/minute
Respirations: 16 breaths/minute
Blood Pressure: 126/75 (systolic/diastolic) mmHg General Appearance
Skin is warm and moist
Looks fatigued Head and Neck
Bitemporal hemianopsia (blindness in her lateral visual fields) Lungs
Normal Cardiovascular
Normal Abdomina
No swelling or pain is present but patient mentions she has had diarrhea Musculoskeletal
An X-ray reveals a small hairline fracture in the right scaphoid bone
Physician Comments There is a slight weight loss (10 lbs.) from her last appointment (10 months ago); however, the patient indicates that she has a good appetite and good nutritional habits. She indicates that she has been having re-occurring headaches this past month, which have led to problems sleeping. A blood chemistry, thyroid, and endocrine test are ordered. A follow-up appointment is arranged for the next week to review the blood lab results.
Part II—The Follow-up Visit Scenario Mary has been on "pins and needles " the past week waiting for her blood results. Finally, Dr. Nee knocked, entered the examination room, and pulled a stool over to Mary. He sat down next to her and opened the manila folder labeled "Keeper, Mary—Blood Results." Blood Lab Results Abbreviated Blood Chemistry
Osmolality: 240 mOsm/kg/water
Urea nitrogen: value is within normal limits
Calcium: value is above the normal limits Blood Thyroid
T3-total: value is above the normal limits
T4-total: value is above the normal limits
TBG: value is below the normal limits
TSH: value is below normal limits
TSI: present and high Blood Endocrine
ACTH: value is below the normal limits
Physician Comments Additional hematology tests are ordered and a follow-up appointment is arranged for the following week.
Part III—Help Dr. Nee Explain His Diagnosis Scenario Dr. Nee knocked on the examination room door and entered. Immediately, he told Mary that the additional blood work helped immensely with his diagnosis.
Blood Lab Results TRH: value is below the normal limits
PTH: value is above the normal limits
LH: value is above the normal limits
Estrogen: value is above the normal limits
FSH: value is above the normal limits
GHrH: value is above the normal limits
GH: value is below the normal limits
GnRH: value is below the normal limits
Questions: Be sure to explain your answers. Be specific and give good rationales for your answers. 1. Dr. Nee decided that Mary was suffering from 3 different endocrine dysfunctions. Give the names of 3 possible conditions that you have decided are likely.
Answer:
her right wrist has hurt constantly for about a week and she does not know why. She did She took some Tylenol® and then spent the rest of the morning lying on her couch drinking several glasses of water (10 glasses altogether) until the physician’s office opened that morning
Explanation:
in a animal cell which part of the cell is responsible for releasing energy during cellular
respiration?
Answer:
Here you go
Explanation:
The mitochondria is responsible for releasing energy during cellular respiration.
in a genome-wide expression study using a dna microarray assay, what is each spot used to detect?
Genome-wide expression studies use DNA microarray assays to detect the locations of proteins produced by cells.
DNA microarray is a technology used to view the order of nucleic acid sequences in a certain location and can be used to analyze thousands of samples simultaneously.
Microarray applications are often used in cancer detection, where cancer cells have abnormalities in their gene expression. This technique also makes it possible to determine the developmental stage of cancer cells by comparing their expression levels with specific probes already present on the microarray.
The question is multiple choice:
A) fate of proteins produced by a cell.
B) location of a protein produced by a cell.
C) location of a gene within a cell.
D) expression of a specific gene by a cell.
E) type of chemical modification of proteins produced by a cell.
The true choice is B.
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What is the importance of understanding your own gender and sexuality?
The maximum essential aspect to recognize approximately sexuality is that it's far self-defined; that is, that all and sundry is authorized to speak approximately and recognize their very own sexuality of their very own manner that makes experience to them.
Understanding the gender variations in conversation fashion can help each male and girl salespeople to expect how others are possibly to understand them primarily based totally on their gender and conversation fashion.
Gender and sexuality are centrally essential forces that form each issue of our lives: we recognize our bodies, minds and selves thru our gender and our intercourse. as a society, felony definitions and social expectancies approximately males and females intercourse and replica prepare our medical, felony, academic and political systems.
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The sweat glands are a major organ of the integumentary system. What is the function of the sweat glands?
A. Rid the body of waste
B. Move materials around the body
C. Regulate body growth
D. Fight off foreign invaders
how many dna molecules would there be after four rounds of pcr if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?
At the end of four rounds of PCR, there will be 32 molecules of DNA, if initially there were two.
PCR is a molecular technique that stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It is used to make millions of copies of even a small portion of DNA. The technique was developed by Kary Mullis in the year 1980. The process of making DNA copies is carried out in three steps: denaturation, annealing and extension.
DNA is the majorly found form of genetic material. It is a type of nucleic acid. It is more stable than RNA and hence in majorly present. The structure of DNA is a double stranded molecule helical in shape with anti-parallel strands.
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Energy used by the body to perform muscular contractions is called adenosine diphosphate, or ADP.
a. True
b. False
False- The body uses adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, as the energy source for muscle contractions. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the cellular energy currency that provides the power to contract skeletal muscle.
What is Adenosine diphosphate?
Adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, is the name of the energy that the body uses to cause muscular contractions. ADP, also referred to as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is a crucial chemical component in metabolism and is necessary for the movement of energy. Ion transport, muscular contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and substrate phosphorylation are a few examples of processes that use ATP as an energy source. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a platelet agonist that, as a result of its actions, induces platelet aggregation and shape change as well as the production of thromboxane A2, another platelet agonist.
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identify the cranial nerve, which innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is the cranial nerve that innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.
Except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is usually affected by the vagus nerve (CN X). the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
The 12th Cranial Nerve is the Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII). It primarily serves as an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature. The medulla nerve gives rise to the nerve, which travels cranially and dorsally to the tongue.
The hypoglossal nerve helps to control the muscles that keeps moving the tongue, allowing you to: Make clicking sounds with your mouth. Move things around within your mouth.
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