Unlike bacterial infections, populations of pathogenic viruses do not evolve resistance to antiviral drugs. The above statement is false.
Antiviral drug resistance is a growing concern in populations of immunocompromised patients because persistent viral replication and extended drug exposure select resistant types of viruses. By correlating distinctive viral mutations with resistance to different medications as identified by phenotypic testing, rapid diagnosis of resistance can be achieved. Optimizing host variables and medication delivery, choosing alternate treatments based on an understanding of the processes underlying resistance, and creating novel antivirals are all components of managing drug resistance.
This article talks about hepatitis B and herpesvirus drug resistance. Antiviral drug resistance is a growing concern in populations of immunocompromised patients because persistent viral replication and extended drug exposure select resistant types of viruses. Associating typical viral mutations with resistance to specific medications as revealed by phenotypic testing allows for the quick detection of resistance.
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Describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA
Answer: RNA contains ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA has the nucleobase uracil, but DNA has thymine; DNA is double stranded, but RNA is single stranded
Explanation:
Which of the following is a correct statement after the process of cell division?
The cell's volume increases.
It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
The cell has DNA overload.
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
The correct statement after the process of cell division is Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA. Option D is the correct answer.
What is cell division?This refers to the process by which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells. Cell division usually takes place as part of a bigger cell cycle in which the cell increase in size and replicates its chromosome before splitting.
There are two types of cell division
Mitosis - This refers to the process your body cells use to produce the exact species of themselves ·Meiosis- This refers to the type of cell division that reduces the amount of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is needed to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.Learn more about cell division on
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Amanda looks at an animal cell under a microscope and sketches the cell. She notices that the cell is in a phase of mitosis, so she asks her friend to identify the phase. Her friend identified the cell as being in prophase. What should she be observing in order to correctly label her sketch as prophase?
A. the chromosomes are visible, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope disappears.
B. the cytoplasm starts to split into two new cells and the two new nuclei develop
C. the chromosomes move away from the center to either side of the cells.
D. the duplicated chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Her friend identified the cell as being in prophase therefore what she should she be observing in order to correctly label her sketch as prophase is . the chromosomes are visible, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope disappears which is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Mitosis?This is referred to as type of cell division in which the parent cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells and occur during the growth and replacement of tissues in the body system
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis and it is characterized by the following features such as:
Condensation of chromosomes.Movement of the centrosomes.Formation of the mitotic spindle.Nucleoli break down.The features mentioned above are synonymous with those of option A which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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what is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
Muscle twitch is the word used to describe the contractile response of a single muscle fibre to a single muscle stimulus.
Muscle twitching is also known as muscle fasciculation. The body twitches as a result of tiny muscular contractions. The muscle fibres in your body are controlled by your nerves. Because of stimulation or damage to a neuron, your muscle fibres may constrict.
The majority of muscle twitches are harmless and go unnoticed. You should visit your doctor because they could occasionally be an indication of a neurological system disease.
Numerous distinct circumstances might cause muscles to twitch. Mild, lifestyle-related issues are commonly the causes of minor muscular twitching. More severe muscle twitching, however, typically signifies a dangerous condition.
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Are gender traits completely a result of societal expectations?
Answer:
No. Gender traits in humans are largely determined by biophysical processes.
Intermolecular forces hold biomolecules together. They are also found between biomolecules. Which of these is a place you would expect to find a hydrogen bond in a biomolecule?.
The correct option is B) Between adenine and thymine in DNA , A hydrogen bond would be found between adenine and thymine in DNA.
Peptide bonds- found in proteinsCovalent bonds - found in the backbone of nucleic acidsGlycosidic links - found in carbohydrates such as sucroseTherefore, the only answer left, after you cross out the other from the information above, is B: Between adenine and thymine in DNA
Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds are examples of electrostatic intermolecular forces. Intermolecular contacts,
which hold molecules to one another in liquids and hold polyatomic ions together, are weaker than intramolecular interactions, which hold atoms together within individual molecules.
A chemical substance that is present in living things is called a biomolecule. These consist mostly of substances with the chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
The building blocks of life, biomolecules serve crucial roles in all living things.
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Full Question :
Intermolecular forces hold biomolecules together. They are also found between biomolecules. Which of these is a place you would expect to find hydrogen bond in a biomolecule?
a) between amino acids in a protein
b) between adenine and thymine in DNA
c) between the ribose and phosphate in RNA
d) between glucose and fructose in a sucrose molecule
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of potential energy?
A. A running woman
B. A compressed spring
C. An apple dangling off a branch
D. A candy bar
Answer:
A running woman
Explanation:
A running woman is not an example of potential energy because potential energy is stored energy that is not yet being used. A running woman is using energy and is not storing it.
in addition to growth and waste production what else does herbivore a's body do with the food it ingests
Herbivore uses the calories in the food to do any body movements.
What is herbivore?
An organism that mostly consumes plants is a herbivore. The size of a herbivore can range from small insects like aphids to enormous, hulking elephants.
The food web, which describes the species that consume other organisms in the wild, is largely composed of herbivores. Trophic, or nutritional, levels are used to classify organisms in the food chain. Three trophic levels exist. The lowest trophic level is comprised of autotrophs, or creatures that make their own food. Algae and plants are some of these. The second trophic level consists of herbivores, which consume autotrophs. The third trophic level is made up of omnivores and carnivores, or species that eat both plants and animals.
Hence, Herbivore uses the calories in the food to do any body movements.
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What would happen if our bodies could not metabolize glucose
Answer:
Poor glucose metabolism leads to diabetes mellitus.
Explanation:
describe what occurs during nondisjunction and the effect on the resulting cells.
Mitotic nondisjunction can occur when topoisomerase II, condensin, or separase are inactivated. This produces two aneuploid daughter cells, one with 47 chromosomes (2n+1) and the other with 45 (2n-1).
When homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during cell division, this is referred to as nondisjunction. Nondisjunction can occur when a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II, or sister chromatids fail to separate during mitosis. Daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers result from nondisjunction.
When the separation fails, both sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are drawn to the cell's pole, resulting in nondisjunction. A cell division error known as "nondisjunction" is the most common cause of Down syndrome. An embryo has three copies of chromosome 21 rather than the usual two due to nondisjunction. Prior to or during conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes fails to separate in either the sperm or the egg.
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What is the practice of keeping a product generic as long as possible before customizing?
Local optimization is a deliver-chain hardship great defined as product generic as long as possible before customizing optimizing one's neighborhood place with out complete information of deliver chain needs.
This version may be specially useful to small agencies withinside the US. During the coronavirus, small agencies have been hit difficult with the financial effect and being reduce off from their overseas providers.
Local optimization objectives to enhance a unmarried particular feature withinside the deliver chain network. This method to deliver chain optimization focuses much less at the effect that adjustments can also additionally have on different components of the deliver chainLocal optimization is a deliver-chain hardship great defined as: optimizing one's neighborhood place with out complete information of deliver chain needs.
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27) If velocity is constant but the frequency of a wave increases, then its wavelength will________.
A.) increase
B.) decrease
C.) stay the same
Answer:
B
Explanation:
i think if frequency increases the wavelength will decrease and the amplitude will increase
Choose all the answers that apply. ground tissue?
Stores extra food
Supports the plant
Is found in plants and animals
Makes up the majority of a plant
Is responsible for photosynthesis
describe the construction of a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase and the insertion of the plasmid into a bacterial cell by placing the steps in order.
Recombinant plasmids are genetic molecules that are used to insert foreign DNA into host cells, allowing them to express a desired gene. This can be used to study gene expression, as well as to produce proteins for therapeutic or industrial applications.
The construction of a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase and the insertion of the plasmid into a bacterial cell can be done through several steps, which can be outlined as follows:
1. Obtain the gene for luciferase: The first step in constructing a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase is to obtain the gene itself. The gene can be sourced from a variety of sources, such as from a plasmid library or from a gene synthesis company.
2. Clone the gene into a vector: Once the gene for luciferase has been obtained, the gene must then be cloned into a vector. A vector is a circular DNA molecule that can be used to transport the gene into the host cell. Common vectors used for this step include plasmids and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs).
3. Insert the vector into the host cell: The vector containing the gene for luciferase must then be inserted into a host cell. This can be done through a process called transformation, where the vector is introduced into the host cell. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as electroporation, heat shock, or chemical transformation.
4. Select for recombinants: Once the vector has been inserted into the host cell, the cell must then be subjected to a selection process to identify cells that have successfully taken up the vector. This is done by selecting for cells that are able to express the desired gene.
5. Extract the recombinant DNA: Once the cells are identified, the recombinant DNA must then be extracted from the cells. This can be done through a process called miniprep, which is used to isolate and purify the recombinant plasmid from the host cell.
6. Analyze the recombinant plasmid: Finally, the recombinant plasmid must be analyzed to confirm the presence of the gene for luciferase. This can be done through a variety of techniques, such as restriction enzyme digestion or DNA sequencing.
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David is researching caribou for a science project and discovers that they need deep-frozen food.
ice to walk on while looking for food to survive. What are the two earth systems involved
in the interaction of caribou and ice?
A: Biosphere and Atmosphere
B: Atmosphere and geosphere
C: cryosphere and biosphere
D: Geosphere and cryosphere
Cyrosphere and biosphere are the two earth systems involved
Caribou are members of Earth's Biosphere which is an umbrella term for all the living organisms on Earth.
The Cyrosphere refers to any and all areas of the Earth where water is in frozen form.
David learning that Caribou need deep frozen ice to walk on is an interaction of these two systems as it shows a living organism being the Caribou interacting with deep frozen ice which is part of the Cyrosphere.
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____________ is a stretch of dna consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
Operon is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
In genetics, an operon is a functional unit of DNA that contains a cluster of genes controlled by a single promoter. The genes are transcribed into a single strand of mRNA and either translated together in the cytoplasm or spliced to produce mono-cistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several strands of mRNA that each encode a single gene product. As a result, the operon's genes are either expressed together or not expressed at all. An operon is defined by the co-transcription of several genes.
Operons can also be found in viruses like bacteriophages. T7 phages, for example, have two operons. The first operon encodes a variety of products, including a unique T7 RNA polymerase that can bind to and transcribe the second operon. The second operon contains a lysis gene, which causes the host cell to burst.
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Which statement below accurately describes how sweating helps maintain homeostasis?
A. Skin cells absorb water into the body, which absorbs heat and cools the cells
B. Water on the skin evaporates into the air, pulling heat from the body
C. Water condenses on the skin and absorbs heat from the body
D. Water on the skin evaporates into the air, pulling heat out of the air around the body
Answer:
Water on the skin evaporates into the air, pulling heat out of the air around the body -describes the process of evaporative cooling.
Explanation:
ect the best answer for the question. 3. Which statement below accurately describes the process of evaporative cooling? A. Water on the skin evaporates into the air, pulling heat from the body B. Water on the skin evaporates into the air, pulling heat out of the air around the body C. Water condenses on the skin and absorbs heat from the body D. Skin cells absorb water into the body, which absorbs heat and cool the cells
Look at the drawing of a normal strand of mRNA and a mutation that takes place in the strand of mRNA.
What type of mutation has occurred?
A substitution of the cysteine polypeptide with the stop polypeptide has caused the mRNA strand to delete the code for alanine.
B
An insertion of an adenine base has caused changes in every amino acid on the mRNA strand following the point of insertion
C
An insertion of an adenine base has caused the mRNA strand to code for a stop codon.
D
A substitution of the uracil base with an adenine base has caused the codon for cysteine to be change to a stop codon.
Every amino acid on the mRNA strand after the location of the adenine base insertion has undergone modifications.
What is the technique through which a DNA molecule's nucleotide sequence is used to create a strand of mRNA?Gene expression begins with transcription. To create an RNA molecule, the DNA sequence of a gene must be copied. RNA polymerases, which join nucleotides to create an RNA strand, carry out transcription.
What occurs when RNA undergoes a mutation?The proteins produced from that copy of the RNA, but not all copies in the future, will therefore be affected by any RNA alterations. A single copy of RNA can be used to make several proteins, therefore mutations in just RNA will affect the cell but only temporarily unless the mutation also affects the protein-coding genes.
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what is the medical term for immunity that is initiated when an antigen encounters a type of lymphocyte known as a b cell?
The medical term for immunity that is initiated when an antigen encounters a type of lymphocyte known as a b cell is Humoral Immunity
Humoral immunity is the process of adaptive immunity manifested by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. It develops in bone marrow. B cells may be triggered to proliferate into plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies. Antibodies are produced when the antigen bonds the B cell receptor (BCR). Antibodies are the agents of humoral immunity. Antibodies occur in the blood, in gastric and mucus secretions, and in breast milk. Antibodies in these bodily fluids can bind pathogens and mark them for destruction by phagocytes before they are able to infect cells. Humoral immunity is also referred to as antibody-mediated immunity.
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In lasik surgery, a laser is used to reshape the cornea of the eye to improve vision. The laser produces extremely short pulses of light, each containing 1. 0 mj of energy.
In Lasik surgery, the cornea of the eye is reshaped using a laser to enhance vision. The laser emits extremely brief light pulses with an energy of 1.0 mJ each. The answers to this question are:
A. The laser's wavelength is 193 nm.B. The average power applied to the cornea during a pulse is 50 kW.How is the 193 nm of the laser's wavelength calculated?We have given the information on Question A that the laser emits [tex]9.7x10^{14}[/tex] photons per pulse and that each pulse has 1.0 mJ of energy. We must determine the laser's wavelength.
The energy on each proton is calculated using this formula:
[tex]E_{photon}[/tex] = hf = hc
λ
Hence, the total energy of the pulse calculated as:
[tex](9.7x10^{14})E_{photon}= 1.0 x 10^{-3} J[/tex]Next, we need to calculated the amount of the wavelength as follows:
⇒ λ = [tex](\frac{9.7 x10^{14} }{1.1x10^{-3}J } )(6.626x10^{34} J.s)(3.0x10^{8} m/s)[/tex]⇒ λ = 193 nmThe laser's wavelength is 193 nm.
How is the 50 kW of the average power applied to the cornea during a pulse calculated?According to the information provided in Question B, the laser emits pulses of light with a total energy of 1.0 mJ that last a mere 20ns. The average power delivered to the cornea during a pulse must be calculated.
To calculate the average power per pulse, we use this formula:
[tex]P = \frac{E_{pulse} }{At_{pulse} }[/tex]Hence, the average power is calculated as follows:
[tex]P = \frac{1.1x10^{-3}J }{20x10^{-8}s }[/tex][tex]P =[/tex] 50 kWThe average power applied to the cornea during a pulse is 50 kW.
This question is incomplete. Here the correction:
In Lasik surgery, a laser is used to reshape the cornea of the eye to improve vision. The laser produces extremely short pulses of light, each containing 1.0 mJ of energy.
A. There are [tex]9.7x10^{14}[/tex] photons in each pulse. What is the wavelength of the laser?B. Each pulse lasts a mere 20ns. What is the average power delivered to the cornea during a pulse?Learn more about lasik surgery here: brainly.com/question/25945449
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which repair mechanism uses an enzyme such as uvrabc to cut out an oligonucleotide containing the damaged dna?
An enzyme like uvrabc is used in the nucleotide-excision repair pathway to remove an oligonucleotide that contains the damaged DNA.
It is frequently referred to as an excinuclease because UvrABC endonuclease, a multienzyme complex found in bacteria, is involved in DNA repair through nucleotide excision repair.The enzyme created two cuts on the damaged DNA strand, one on either side of the damaged area, when UV-irradiated DNA was the substrate. The eighth phosphodiester bond on the 5' side of pyrimidine dimers was dissolved by the enzyme.A DNA polymerase subsequently plugs the hole left by the small section of the damaged.
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Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success.T/F
The statement "Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success," is true.
What is genotype?The term "genotype," which basically refers to an organism's genetic makeup, describes the gene pool as a whole. The term can also be used in a more precise sense to refer to the several alleles, or variations of a gene, that an organism possesses. Being a diploid species, humans have two alleles per genetic locus, one of which was passed down from each parent. Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene. For instance, sweet pea plants have two alleles for the bloom color gene.
The uppercase letter F stands for the allele that codes for purple flowers, whereas the lowercase letter f stands for the allele that codes for white flowers. Thus, the genotypes FF, Ff, or ff could be present in a diverse population of sweet pea plants. Each plant's phenotype, in this example the outer look of its blossoms, is influenced by its genotype. When two alleles in a genotype are same, the genotype is said to be homozygous; when the two alleles are different, the genotype is said to be heterozygous. Genotyping is the term for the process of identifying a genotype.
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Can 2 objects made from exactly same substance but different shape or size have the same density? Make a graph
Yes, 2 objects made from exactly same substance but different shape or size have the same density.
How is it possible for items to have varying sizes but the same density?A substance's density is typically independent of its size, both large and small, and independent of its shape. Despite having distinct masses and volumes, a gold brick and a statue both have the same density. A substance's density is generally understood to be its mass per unit volume.
Therefore, object with the highest density will be the smaller of two things if they both have the same mass but differ in size. So one can say that two things have comparable densities if they have the same mass.
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what environmental parameters would need to be monitored as ddt moves up the food web of an ecosystem?
DDT affects the food chain by bioaccumulating organisms, as well as reducing population sizes that can feed higher trophic levels.
An ecosystem contains living or living parts and abiotic factors or nonliving parts. Biological agents include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic factors are rock, temperature, and humidity. Every element of the ecosystem is directly or indirectly dependent on every other element.
The simplest definition of an ecosystem is that it is a community or group of organisms that live in a particular environment and interact with each other.
Examples of ecosystems: are agricultural ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, coral reefs, deserts, forests, human ecosystems, coastal areas, marine ecosystems, grasslands, rainforests, savannas, grasslands, taiga, tundra, and urban ecosystems.
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the process of removing introns from mrna and putting the remaining exons together occurs in a complex called the .
Some sequences known as intervening sequences, or introns, are removed or "spliced out" as part of this processing process, which is referred to as RNA splicing. Thus, the leftover sequences, known as exons, are what make up the final mRNA. Splicing is what connects these exons to one another.
Splicing is the method of chopping out introns and joining exons back together. Even though the pre-mRNA is still in the nucleus, introns are cut out and broken down. Introns are cut out and exons are rejoined with the accuracy and precision of a single nucleotide thanks to a sequence-specific mechanism called splicing. Splicing is a type of editing that eliminates the introns and only keeps the exons, which are the yellow sections responsible for protein synthesis. At the intron/exon, helper proteins are assembled to start the process of splicing RNA.
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Notch is a receptor protein displayed on the surface of certain cells in developing fruit fly embryos. Notch's ligand is a membrane-bound protein called Delta that is displayed on the surface of adjacent cells. When Notch is activated by its ligand, the intracellular tail of the Notch protein becomes separated from the rest of the protein. This allows the intracellular tail to move to the cell's nucleus and alter the expression of specific genes.Which of the following statements best explains Delta's role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway?
Delta receptor restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo. In delta-notch signaling pathway, notch is a receptor protein. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is delta-notch receptor?Notch receptors are the large transmembrane proteins which communicate signals upon binding to transmembrane ligands which are expressed on adjacent cells. Because both the receptors and the ligands are transmembrane proteins, notch signals rely on cell-to-cell contact. In the delta-notch signaling pathway, notch receptor transduces the short-range signals by interacting with the ligands like Delta.
Delta is responsible for restricting the short-range cell communication distances within a developing embryo of fruitfly.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Notch is a receptor protein displayed on the surface of certain cells in developing fruit fly embryos. Notch’s ligand is a membrane-bound protein called Delta that is displayed on the surface of adjacent cells. When Notch is activated by its ligand, the intracellular tail of the Notch protein becomes separated from the rest of the protein. This allows the intracellular tail to move to the cell’s nucleus and alter the expression of specific genes. Which of the following statements best explains Delta’s role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway?
A) Delta transmits a chemical signal to all the cells of a developing embryo.
B) Delta allows the cells of a developing embryo to communicate without making direct contact.
C) Delta restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo.
D) Delta determines which cells in a developing embryo express the gene that encodes the Notch protein.
consider an individual with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d, descended from one parent with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d and another parent with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d. genes a, b, c, and d are present on the same chromosome, in the following order: a, c, b, d (nb: this is not the alphabetical order). what is the minimum number of crossovers that must take place on that chromosome for the individual to generate a gamete with genotype acbd?
An individual having the genotype A a B b C C D d E E might independently create 8 different gametes.
Five genes will be present in each gamete in this scenario. Additionally, there are two possibilities for each of the three genes, A/a, B/b, and Dd, as well as one option for each of the two genes, C and E.By counting the number of heterozygous or dissimilar allele pairs present in the genotype (represented by n) and plugging the value into the expression 2n, which will be equal to 2³ = 8, it is possible to calculate the number of distinct gametes that could be created.Consequently, 8 distinct gametes could develop.
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Before the cell can divide again, it must grow and synthesize proteins during the ________ phase and duplicate its chromosomes during the S phase.
Before the cell can divide again, it must grow and synthesize proteins during the G1 phase and duplicate its chromosomes during the S phase.
The G1 phase is the Growth phase of the Interphase of cell cycle. It involves the growth of the cell as well as the synthesis of proteins that are required in the next phase of cell cycle for DNA replication which is the S phase.
Chromosomes are the compact form of genetic material. It is comprised of DNA and histone proteins. The structure of chromosomes consists of 2 sister chromatids joined at the constricted region of DNA called centromere. These sister chromatids are identical genetically.
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25 points + brainliest image attached
Answer:
5 ways that you can prevent the spread of viruses:
Explanation:
Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.Avoid close contact with sick people.Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when sneezing or coughing.Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.the features of this model provide evidence for which explanation of why all growing strands are synthesized in a 5′ to 3′ direction?
The orientation of DNA strand synthesis must be 5'-3'. The oxygen atom linked to the 3′ carbon of the developing strand makes a covalent bond with the phosphate group, bound to the 5′ carbon of the dTMP (Option D).
What is DNA strand ?
Because the two DNA strands are made up of simpler monomeric units termed nucleotides, they are referred to as polynucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A], or thymine [T]). An alternating sugar-phosphate backbone is created when the nucleotides are linked together in a chain by covalent connections (also referred to as the phospho-diester linkage) between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next. To create double-stranded DNA, the nitrogenous bases of the two distinct polynucleotide strands are joined by hydrogen bonds in accordance with the base pairing principles (A with T and C with G).
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