The statement that the physical state of a reactant or product will affect the enthalpy of reaction in a thermochemical equation is true.
This is true because the enthalpy of reaction is the change in energy that occurs during a chemical reaction. The physical state of a reactant or product affects the amount of energy that is released or absorbed during a reaction.
What is the enthalpy of reaction?The enthalpy of reaction is the change in energy of the system. The physical state of a reactant or product (e.g. solid, liquid, or gas) can affect the energy of the reaction, as different physical states can require different amounts of energy to break and form bonds.
For example, a reaction involving a solid reactant may require more energy to break the solid bonds than a reaction involving a liquid or gas.
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Air pollutants regulated by the clean air act include all of the following EXCEPT? a. carbon dioxide b. particulates c. carbon monoxide d. sulfur dioxide.
Option (a) Carbon dioxide is not an air pollutant according to the clean air act prediction.
The air we breathe contain many pollutants. Air pollution can contain a mixture of solid particles, liquid droplets and gases from a variety of sources such as industry, motor vehicles, heating appliances, and tobacco smoke. Air pollution can also be generated by natural events such as bush fires and can contain windblown dust, pollen and mold spores. The composition of air pollution can vary greatly depending on the season the weather and the types and numbers of sources.
According to the clean air act, the EPA has identified six pollutants as “criteria” air pollutants because it regulates them by developing human health-based for setting permissible levels. These six pollutants are carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, ground-level ozone, particle pollution and sulfur oxides.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, why is the addition of calcium considered a mistake in a particular chemical equation?.
According to the law of conservation of mass, it is considered a mistake to add calcium to the product side if it is not in the reactant side of a particular chemical equation because the masses of the products and reactants must be the same.
What is a Chemical equation?This is referred to as the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae and depicts the compounds and states of matter involved.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the masses and elements of the products and reactants must be the same. Therefore, adding calcium to the product side is considered a mistake if it is not in the reactant side of a particular chemical equation because it is impossible to produce calcium from nowhere.
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The full question is:
According to the law of conservation of mass,why is it considered a mistake to add calcium to the product side if it is not in the reactant side of a particular chemical equation
Compounds are made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined. What do compounds have in common?.
Compounds have in common that they are composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Compounds have two main characteristics in common: they are composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together, and they have properties that are different from those of the individual elements. Compounds are formed when atoms of two or more elements share electrons or when atoms transfer electrons from one atom to another. Different types of elements can be combined to form different compounds. For example, oxygen and hydrogen can form water, carbon and oxygen can form carbon dioxide, and nitrogen and oxygen can form nitrous oxide. The properties of a compound depend on the type of elements it is composed of and the way the atoms are chemically bonded together. Compounds are usually more stable than individual elements, and they can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
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Water waves produced by a speed boat strike a floating inner tube. Describe the motion of the inner tube as the waves pass by.
While the waves pass by, the inner tube moves vertically. An inner tube that is floating is struck by speedboat water waves. Water waves cause energy to be transferred from a particle to another.
Without really moving the objects. The inner tube will therefore move vertically rather than horizontally as the waves pass by it. A particle is a tiny, localized object that can have various physical or chemical qualities, such as mass, density, or volume, according to the physical sciences. When the inner tube was inflated, it served as both a floating lounger and a water toy. The electrical-breakdown technique is used to remove the middle section of the outer tube, revealing the freely rotating inner tube.
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Which choice is not true of a liquid in a glass capillary with a convex meniscus?a. The liquid has strong cohesive forces.b. The liquid level will be lower inside the capillary when a capillary is inserted into a bowl of the liquid.c. The liquid will have a convex meniscus as it moves in the capillary.d. The behavior of the liquid is driven by strong interactions with the capillary glass.
The correct answer is the liquid level will be lower inside the capillary when a capillary is inserted into a bowl of the liquid.
When a liquid is placed in a glass capillary with a convex meniscus, the behavior of the liquid is driven by strong cohesive forces between the liquid molecules and strong interactions with the capillary glass. As a result, the liquid will have a convex meniscus, meaning that the surface of the liquid will be curved outward. This is due to the forces acting on the liquid in the capillary. However, when a capillary is inserted into a bowl of the liquid, the liquid level inside the capillary will be higher than the liquid level outside the capillary. This is because the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules are stronger inside the capillary, where the liquid is in contact with the walls of the capillary, than they are outside the capillary. As a result, the liquid will be pulled up the walls of the capillary, causing the liquid level inside the capillary to be higher than the liquid level outside the capillary. This is opposite to what is stated in choice b, which is why it is the correct answer.
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for one of the reactions, a colored product temporarily appeared. for which reaction did this occur? what do you think this product was?
The colored product temporarily appeared is cobalt phosphate.
What is a net ionic equation?
Only those chemical species that actively contribute to a chemical reaction are listed in the net ionic equation for that reaction. In the net ion equation, mass and charge must be equal.
In an acidic solution, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes iodide ions to triiodide ions, briefly giving the solution a blue/black hue. Thiosulphate ions quickly convert these triiodide ions back to iodide ions since triiodide ions consume as quickly as they form.
6NO3- ions are spectator ions in the above process involving 6Na+. To obtain the net ionic equation, these ions are removed.
The net ionic equation :
[tex]3Co^{2+} (aq) + 2 PO_{4} ^{3-} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]CO_{3} (PO_{4} )_{2} (s)[/tex]
The inorganic substance with the formula Co3(PO4)2 is cobalt phosphate. Cobalt violet is the name of the commercially available inorganic pigment. This material's thin films act as catalysts for the oxidation of water.
Therefore, the colored product temporarily appeared is cobalt phosphate.
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Two particles have the symbols Fe 54
26
2+ and Co 59
27
3+.
Which statement about these particles is correct?
The statement about cobalt and iron particle are incorrect.
What is Cobalt?Cobalt is one of the element of periodic table. It has 27 as atomic number and 59 as mass number. The electronic configuration of cobalt is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7. It accept three more electrons to get stable electronic configuration of the noble gas. That's why it have -3 as valancy.
What is Iron?Iron is one of the element of periodic table. It has 26 as atomic number and 56 as mass number. The electronic configuration of cobalt is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6. It accept four more electrons to get stable electronic configuration of the noble gas. That's why it have -4 as valancy.
Since the atomic mass of iron is incorrect which is 56 and valancy of cobalt is -3 but given valancy is +3. Therefore, the given Statments are incorrect.
Thus, we concluded that the statements about cobalt and iron particle are incorrect.
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How many bonding electrons does chlorine have?
How do you find moles of gas at STP?
No. of moles at STP = Volume at STP (litres) / Molar volume at STP (litres)
The temperature of 273 K and pressure of 1 atmosphere are known as standard temperature and pressure. At STP, one mole of any gas will have a volume of 22.4 L. This volume is known as molar volume of a gas at STP. The formula to find out the number of moles at STP is
No. of moles at STP = Volume at STP (litres) / Molar volume at STP (litres)
Example: How many moles are in 224mL of CO2 at STP?
Standard volume=22.4 L
It means that 1 mole of any atom, molecule or ion occupies 22.4 L of volume at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)
1 mole of CO2 = 22.4 L
Given volume = 224 mL = .224 L ( 1 L = 1000 mL)
No. of moles in .224 L = Given volume/Standard volume
= .224/22.4 = 0.01 mole
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For the list of alcohols, rank the alcohols in strength from weakest acid to strongest acid.F2CHOH F3COH FCH2ОН CH3OH
For the list of alcohols,the rank of alcohols in strength from weakest acid to strongest acid is F3COH , F2CHOH, FCH2ОН, CH3OH
Any substance that when dissolved in water has an acidic taste, can alter the color of some indicators (such as reddening blue litmus paper), can react with some metals (such as iron) to release hydrogen, can combine with bases to form salts, and can accelerate some chemical reactions (acid catalysis). Acids are examples of both organic compounds that belong to the carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and phenol groups as well as the inorganic substances known as the mineral acids, such as sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids. These substances contain one or more hydrogen atoms, which are released as positively charged hydrogen ions when they are in solution (see Arrhenius theory). The Brnsted-Lowry theory provides broader definitions of an acid that encompass substances that exhibit typical acidic behaviour as pure compounds or when dissolved in solvents other than water.
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what is the heat of combustion of ethane, c2h6, in kilojoules per mole of ethane? enthalpies of formation can be found in the
The heat of combustion of ethane is -1559.7 J/mol.
The equation of the reaction is;
2C₂H₆ (g) + 7O₂ (g) ⟶ 4CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O (l)
Hence;
ΔH°reaction = [4(-393.5) + 6(-285.8)] - [2(-84.7) + 7(0)]
ΔH°reaction =[(-1574) + (-1714.8)] + 169.4
ΔH°reaction = -3119.4 J/mol
If 2 moles of C₂H₆ produces -3119.4 J/mol
1 mole of C₂H₆ produces -1559.7 J/mol
What is the heat of combustion?
The heating fee (or electricity price or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see meals power), is the amount of heat launched at some stage in the combustion of a unique amount of it.The calorific fee is the entire strength released as heat while a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen below widespread conditions.To know more about the heat of combustion, click the link given below:
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The electronegativities of the period-3 elements are listed on the transparency. Calculate the
electronegativity differences for the following pairs of bonded period-3 atoms.
NA and CI
Si and CI
Mg and S
AI and P
and
Si and S
The electronegativities of the period-3 elements are on the transparency. AI and P, Si and S are period-3 elements. Therefore, option D and E are correct.
What is electronegativity ?The propensity of an atom of a certain chemical element to draw shared electrons when forming a chemical bond is known as electronegativity and is denoted by the symbol. The atomic number and the separation of the valence electrons from the charged nucleus have an impact on an atom's electronegativity.
Chlorine has a 3.0 electronegativity, compared to sodium's 0.9. Because of the rather large differential of 2.1, sodium and chlorine combine to produce an ionic compound. With hydrogen's electronegativity being 2.1 and oxygen's being 3.5, there is a 1.4 discrepancy.
Thus, option D and E are correct.
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which phenomenon that goes unexplained by lewis structures is solved by applying molecular orbital theory?
The paramagnetism of the O₂ molecule. Lewis structures would show O₂ as having all paired electrons, but it exhibits paramagnetism, which requires unpaired electrons. This issue can be solved by applying molecular orbital theory.
The electron is a subatomic particle with a bad standard electric charge. Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle's own family and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives or substructure.
By using the best values for the wavelength and the scattering by a matter of tough X-rays and ?-rays, the radius of the electron is anticipated as approximately 2 × 10-10 cm.
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100 POINTS WILL MARK BRAINLIEST HELP
Answer:
A
Explanation:
10ml
PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST
1. as the acid solution is titrated the pink color forms where the drop first enters the solution but disappears as the solution is mixed. explain why this happens.
As the acid solution is titrated the pink color forms where the drop first enters the solution but disappears as the solution is mixed. Since the titrant is being added to the solution dropwise.
Titrated, also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory method for quantitative chemical analysis used to determine the concentration of a specified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). The reagent, often referred to as the titrant or titrator, is made from a standard solution with a defined concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with an analyte solution to determine the concentration of the analyte (also known as the titrand). The volume of titrant that interacted with the analyte is known as the titration volume. The first widespread application of volumetric analysis was in late 18th-century France. François-Antoine-Henri Descroizilles invented the first burette, which resembled a graded cylinder, in 1791 (fr). Gay-Lussac first used the words "pipette" and "burette" in an 1824 study on the standardization of indigo solutions. He also described a burette with a side arm.
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The electronegativities of the period-3 elements are listed on the transparency. Calculate the
electronegativity differences for the following pairs of bonded period-3 atoms.
d. Si and Cl _______________________
b. Mg and S_1.31. And 2.58=
e. Si and S ________________________
c. Al and P ______________________
Here is the electronegativity difference of bonded period 3 atoms.
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity, is the symbolized as χ, it is the tendency to an atom of to a given chemical element to be attract shared electrons and when forming of a chemical bond. An atom's is electronegativity is affected by the both its atomic number .and it is
The electronegativity for period -3 atoms
Si and cl is - Electronegativity Difference is 0.7
Polarity-δ+Si−δ−C
For mg electronegativity difference is 1.3
For si and s electronegativity difference is 1.7
For AI and p the electronegativity difference is 1.6 and 2.9 respectively.
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rank the reactivity of the following alkenes toward acid-catalyzed hydration from most reactive to least reactive.
The order of the reactivity of the carbo cations as shown is; 2 >1 >4 > 3
What is the order of reactivity?We know that the order of the reactivity of the alkenes is going to so much depend on the kind of cation that is formed in the first phase of the hydration reaction.
If a stable carbocation is formed in the process then the compound that leads to such a stable carbo cation would be much more reactive. In this case, we would now look at the order of the stability of the carbo cations formed by the species so as to have an idea of the ease of reaction of the alkenes.
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Alkaline mucus made by this gland neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra prior to ejaculation.a. Trueb. False
Answer:
True hope this is the correct answer if not sorry
Explanation:
a 10% aqueous naoh solution at 70 f is mixed with a 70% aqueous naoh solution at 200 f to form a solution containing 40% naoh. if the mixing is done adiabatically, what is the final temperature of the solution
The end temperature of the solution is 200 F, which is the same as the beginning temperature of the two solutions.
What exactly is adiabatic mixing?
Adiabatic mixing occurs when two chemicals are combined without exchanging heat with the surrounding environment. In other words, the mixing is done in an insulated container so that no heat is lost or acquired from the surroundings. This means that the end temperature of the combined substances will be the same as their beginning temperatures.
Because both solutions are aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, we may assume that their heat capacities and masses are equivalent. As a result, we may equalise the mass and heat capacity terms:
C1× m1 = C2 × m2
As a result, the solution's end temperature equals the beginning temperature of the two solutions, which is 200 F.
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if 30.7 grams of bromine trifluoride react to form 17.9 grams of bromine, how many grams of fluorine must simultaneously be formed?
if 30.7 grams of bromine trifluoride react to form 17.9 grams of bromine, 10.32g of fluorine must be formed simultaneously.
What is mole concept?In chemistry for the calculation of large amounts of very small quantities such as atoms or molecules or other objects generally we use mole chemistry.
2BrF3 + Br2 → Br2+3F2
1mole Br2 formed = 3 mole F2 formed
159.80g Br2 formed = 3 × 30.7 g F2 formed
than 17.9 g Br2 formed = 3×30.7×17.9/ 159.80 g of F2
10.32 g of F2 is formed
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What is the product of the reaction of bromoethane with each of the following nucleophiles? a. CH3CH2CH2O− b. CH3C‚C- c. (CH3)3N d. CH3CH2S-
The entire bond-forming and bond-breaking process occurs in one step during the SN2 reaction.
When switching from tertiary to secondary to primary alkyl halides, the rate of reaction for SN2 increases. The opposite trend is present for SN1. The pace of reaction for the SN2 goes from primary (fastest) > secondary >> tertiary because steric hindrance rises as we move from primary to secondary to tertiary (slowest).
The alkyl halide and nucleophile both affect the pace of the reaction. It is a second order reaction as a result.
The nucleophile attacks the Br-bearing carbon's reverse side in the subsequent reactions, replacing it.
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A factory has a batch of hand sanitizer with 50\%50%50, percent alcohol content. How much pure (100\%100%100, percent concentration) alcohol should they include in a 600\,\text{ml}600ml600, start text, m, l, end text bottle to make a 68\%68%68, percent mixture?.
408 ml of 100% pure alcohol must be included in a 600ml bottle to have an alcohol with 68% concentration
Formula for dilution calculation[tex]V_{1} . C_{1} = V_{2} . C_{2}[/tex]
[tex]V_{1} =[/tex] Volume of solution 1
[tex]C_{1} =[/tex] concentration of solution 1
[tex]V_{2} =[/tex] Volume of solution 2
[tex]C_{2} =[/tex] concentration of solution 2
Pure Alcohol Volume CalculationData
[tex]V_{1} =[/tex] ?
[tex]C_{1} =[/tex] 100% v/v
[tex]V_{2} =[/tex] 600 ml
[tex]C_{2} =[/tex] 68% v/v
[tex]V_{1} = V_{2} . C_{2} / V_{1}[/tex]
[tex]V_{1} =[/tex] 600 x 68 / 100
[tex]V_{1} =[/tex] 408ml
Consequently, 408 ml are poured into the 600 ml container and this volume is made up with distilled water.
This procedure is used to prepare solutions such as hand sanitizers or to reduce the alcohol content in some drinks.
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sugar is ____ in water for the two can be mixed honogeneously to form a ___?
Answer:
sugar is Soluble in water for the two can be mixed homogeneously to form a Solution
suppose you start with 247g of ice at 0 oc. calculate the amount of heat energy that must be transferred to convert the ice to steam at 100 oc.
753.25 kj is the amount of heat energy that must be transferred to convert the ice to steam at 100 oc.suppose you start with 247g of ice at 0 oc.
E = mct
Where E is the energy for a phase change, m is the mass of the object, c is the specific heat capacity and t is the change in temperature.
So ignoring the latent heats' at present we can deduce that the energy required to raise the temperature of a 250g (0.25kg) block of ice by 100 degrees Celsius is:
E = 0.25*4.19*100 = 104.75kJ
Now the latent heats' tell you the energies absorbed when the ice changes state from solid to liquid to gas. This increase in energy does not change the temperature as it is used solely to create the intermolecular bonds that give rise to a change of state.So to find the total heat energy required for the conversion of the ice to steam, we just need to add the latent heats' of fusion and vaporisation.Note that the latent heats are given per kilogram so so they need to be multiplied by the mass of the ice block; this gives:
E = 104.75 + 0.25(334 + 2.26X10^3) = 104.75 + 0.25(2594) = 753.25kJ
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when 3.0 mol cacl2 dissolves in water, how many moles of ions are in solution? a) 1.0 mole b) 3.0 moles c) 6.0 moles d) 9.0 moles e) 12 moles
The correct answer is option C
c) 6.0 moles
What is Combination Reaction?
We look forward to the outcomes of pleasant activities like putting furniture together and mixing materials to produce something wonderful. By itself, each element is not that fascinating. But if we combine all these distinct parts, we may create something more intricate and fascinating.
Similar to this, you may mix two or more reactants to create a new product in chemical processes. This reaction falls within the category of a combination reaction, often known as a synthesis reaction.
1 mole of calcium chloride = 111g
Therefore 222g of CaCl2 is equivalent to 2 moles of CaCl2
Since 1 formula unit CaCl2 gives 3 ions,
therefore, 1 mol of CaCl2 will give 3 moles of ions 2 moles of CaCl2 would give 3×2
=6 moles of ions.
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Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitrogen oxygen. Include physical states.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen is as:
2N₂ (g) + 2O₂ (g) —> 4NO (g)
The following is the equation that can be written to describe the relationship between nitrogen and oxygen:
N₂(g) + O₂(g) —> NO (g)
The equation that was just discussed can be balanced in the following way: On the left side, there are two atoms of oxygen, whereas, on the right side, there is only one. To achieve equilibrium, write 2 in front of NO, as seen in the following example:
N₂(g) + O₂(g) —> 2NO (g)
When we multiply the equation by 2, we get the following:
2N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) —> 4NO (g)
The equation is balanced now.
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calculate the final molarity of h2o2 if 5.7 ml of a 3.0% w/w h2o2 solution, which has a density of 1.0 g/ml, is added to 5.7 ml of a starch-iodide solution.
The final molarity is 0.44 M, of H₂O₂ in a given solution.
What is Molarity?Molecules per litre (mol/L) are the units used to measure molarity. It is so widely used that it has its own symbol, a capital (M). A solution with a 5 mol/L concentration is referred to as a 5 M solution or as having a 5 molar concentration.
What is the Solution?A particular kind of homogenous mixture made up of two or more substances is known as a solution. A solute is a substance that has been dissolved in a solvent, which is the other substance in the mixture.
calculation:
3.0% w/w H₂O₂ solution
100 grams of H₂O₂ contains 3.0g of H₂O₂
So, 100 mL of H₂O₂ solution contains 3.0 g of H₂O₂
Density = 1g /mL
1000 mL of H₂0₂ solution contains= ? g of H₂O₂
So, therefore,
density = 1g/ml = 3 g × 1000/100
= 30 grams
As we know that
Molarity = moles of solute/volume of solution in L
Moles = mass / molar mass
molarity = (mass/molar mass) x (1 / volume of Solution (L))
= (30g/34.0147g/mol) × (1/1L)
Molarity = 0.88 M
Now, Final molarity of H₂O₂= moles of H₂O₂ added / total volume
= 0.88 M × 5.7 mL / (5.7 + 5.7) mL
Final molarity = 0.44 M
Hence, the final molarity is 0.44 M, of H₂O₂.
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Examine the cell below. This cell would best be described as a
Correct answer is b. Eukaryotic cell because it has nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
This image is that of an animal cell and animal cells are eukaryotic. The image shows a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What is the difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?An animal cell is cell that has nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. These are not found in plane cells.
The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is with regards to a membrane-bound nucleus. Most specifically, eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus while the prokaryotes are without it.
Other differences are:
1) No prokaryotic cell has a nucleus; every eukaryotic cell has a nucleus.
2) Prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria; nearly every eukaryotic cell has mitochondria.
3) Prokaryotic cells have no organelles enclosed in plasma membranes; every eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and organelles, each enclosed in plasma membranes.
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Which has highest negative reduction potential?
The most likely to decline is fluorine. High oxidizing substances are reduced by themselves and prefer to oxidize other substances.
Thus, fluorine has a greater potential for reduction than chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Due to low bond enthalpies and high fluorine electronegativity, there is a considerable possibility for reduction. Since reduction entails the gain of electrons, an electrode's propensity to do so is known as its reduction potential. The electrode potential is the equilibrium potential difference between the surrounding solution and the metal electrode. It can also be described as an electrode's propensity to lose or gain electrons. Positive electromotive force and spontaneous responses are characteristics of galvanic or voltaic cells.In a voltaic cell, the cathode is positive and the anode is negative. The cathode in a voltaic cell has a greater reduction potential than the anode.
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Is calcium chloride better for concrete than sodium chloride?
Yes, calcium chloride is better for concrete then sodium chloride because sodium chloride can damage the driveway.
Usually calcium chloride solution is used to melt the ice on the driveways and walkways.
Sodium chloride is used for this purpose as well. But sodium chloride can damage the concrete.
Calcium chloride has a very low freezing point, it form a pellets over the walkways with stops further damage to the concrete.
This thing is not possible in the case of sodium chloride. There is always a risk that there will be a greater damage to the concrete.
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