The geologic time scale was developed after scientists observed changes in the fossils going from oldest to youngest sedimentary rocks. They used relative dating to divide Earth's past in several chunks of time when similar organisms were on Earth.
Scientists divide Earth's entire 4.6 billion years into four major time periods. The oldest — and by far the longest — is called the Precambrian. It is divided into Eons known as the Hadean (HAY-dee-un), Archean (Ar-KEY-un), and Proterozoic (Pro-tur-oh-ZOE-ik). After the Precambrian come to the Paleozoic Era and Mesozoic Era.
In interpreting rock age the use of relative dating puts the sequences of rocks layers into chronological order. Although the layers are no longer horizontal, geologists are able to determine their order.
Examples interpreted from rock strata provide a way to organize Earth's history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small.
After seeing variations in the fossils as they moved from oldest to youngest sedimentary strata, geologists came up with the geologic time scale. Relative dating was used to split Earth's history into periods when comparable creatures were present.
What is a geologic time scale?Relative dating is used to chronologically organize the strata of rocks in order to understand rock age. Geologists can still discern the sequence of the strata, despite the fact that they are no longer horizontal.
Earth's history may be organized using examples derived from rock layers. The fossil record and the analysis of rock layers only reveal relative dates an absolute scale is not provided.
Therefore, to examine systems that are too huge or too tiny, events can be seen at multiple sizes using models.
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Draw a Punnett square to help you: A woman who is a carrier marries a normal man.a) Whats is the probability that their children will have hemophilia?b) What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be?
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that makes coagulation slower, which causes the person to bleed easily and for a more prolonged time.
The gene involved is located in the X hromosomes, so females are more likely to be just carriers, because they have two copies of the gene, while males that inherit the defective gene have only one copy, so they express the disease.
If a carrier woman has children with a healthy man, the Punnett square would be as follows:
This means that there i a 525 chance off having a daughter that is a carrier, a 25% chance ofa healthy daughter, a25% chance of a healthy son, and a 25% chance of a son w th hemophilia.
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Explain how Harry Hess’s discovery of sea-floor spreading *positively* impacted Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. (The asterisk word is supposed to be bold and underlined but I couldn’t figure out hot to type that on here) btw this is science not biology
In Support with Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, Hess explained how the merged continents have detached into the seven different continents that exist today.
Alfred Wegener's hypothesis state that all continents exist today was attached together in primitive times and existed as supercontinent called as Pangaea . While Seafloor spreading proves that the ocean itself is a site of tectonic activity. Earth in its Shape with Seafloor spreading is just the part of tectonics movement.
Seafloor spreading also give an idea to explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures that occur in the lithosphere that caused movement.
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If molecules of mRNA have the following nucleotide base sequences, what will be the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides synthesized by eukaryotic ribosomes? Remember, transcription starts with an AUG codon. 1. 5′–AUGGGGAUACGCUACCCC–3′ 2. 5′–CCGUACAUGCUAAUCCCU–3′ 3. 5′–CCGAUGUAACCUCGAUCC–3′ 4. 5′–AUGCGGUCAGCCCCGUGA–3′
The mRNA is used to synthesize polypeptides in a process called translation, and for that the mRNA is interpreted as a series of groups with three nucleotides each, called codons. So for each three letters, we have a codon. The codons transcribe the following amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Selenocysteine.
The codons are organized in a chart, as the one that follows:
As the translation starts with an AUG codon, we sometimes have to leave some trios behind. The answer would be as follows:
1. AUG - met | GGG - gly | AUA - ile | CGC - arg | UAC - tyr | CCC - pro
The sequence would be MET-GLY-ILE-ARG-TYR-PRO
2. We will start only after the AUG codon
AUG - met | CUA - leu | AUC - ile | CCU - pro
The sequence would be MET-LEU-ILE-PRO
3. Again, we start after the AUG codon, and if the stop codon shows up the translation stops
The sequence would be only AUG - met | UAA - stop
MET
4. AUG - met | CGG - arg | UCA - ser | GCC - ala | CCG - pro | UGA - stop
The sequence would be MET-ARG-SER-ALA-PRO
24. A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least _________dominant allele(s) present in the parent(s).A. oneB. twoC. three
A: One
If an allele is dominant, it only needs one to be the phenotype.
Need to know which is the correct answer about the trailing edge for cell bio
Answer:
The answer is the first option. The trailing edge is composed of many filopodia containing tight parallel bundles. These filopodia push trailing edge away from the location it was previously occupying.
Explanation:
Cells migrating in tissues exhibit both filopodia and lamellipodia. These thin protrusive extensions are ideal for exploring and penetrating tissue spaces. They are also well suited for intercalating between cells, such as during the migration of leukocytes across endothelial layers.
Therefore the answer is the first option.
Why does genetic drift affect a
small population more than a
large one?
A. small populations have more diversity than a
large population
B. the loss of a few alleles causes a large shift in
the allele frequency of a small population
C. large populations have more allele diversity
so a dramatic event would result in more loss
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Genetic drift is more important in small populations because the chances of an allele being lost or fixed in the population are much higher, this is because each individual in a small population represents a larger proportion of the entire population (than in a large population).
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level?
a. only the transcriptional level
b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels
c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels
d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
Option D epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells.
Epigenetic modifications effect gene expression and have the ability to "turn on" and "turn off" genes, whereas hereditary changes can affect which proteins are created. Since your environment and habits, including diet and exercise, can modify your epigenome, the relationship between your genetics, actions, and environment is easy to comprehend. Epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate how an organism's genome is influenced by its environment, are molecular processes .During transcription, translation, and subsequent protein modification, which normally leads to the production of protein, the genetic information is transferred from the archival copy of DNA to short-lived messenger RNA. Even though every cell in an organism has essentially the same DNA, the qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression as well as the control of gene expression lead to the diverse cell types and functions.
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during ______, dna serves as a template to assemble a strand of rna. a. transcription b. translation c. dna transfer d. transcriptional modifications e. replication
In what stage of growth can hair most readily be removed from the scalp?
Answer:
The telogen phase
Explanation:
In the telogen phase, the follicle is dormant or resting. The transition period between the anagen and telogen phases is referred to as the catagen phase. Hairs are routinely lost during the telogen phase and often become a primary source of evidentiary material.
According to historians, when did humans FIRST become interested in fitness?
(1 point)
O a few years before the first Olympics
O ever since the beginning of civilization
after the Industrial Revolution
O once the British Empire spread across the world
According to historians, when did humans first become interested in fitness ever since the beginning of civilization after the Industrial Revolution.
When we look back at human history, there seems to be a correlation between industrial developments and fitness. Early man had no means of propulsion. Food was a task that required walking, running, and abilities that the majority of people in this modern period can hardly even imagine. Back then, what we now refer to as exercise was simply a way of life.
Our bodies started to change in the past when man made the transition from a nomadic existence as a hunter to a sedentary one as a farmer. Despite the work, only specific body areas would receive workout, and the activities became repetitious.
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What molecule is a pigment
Answer
A molecule that absorbs light and has a color
Explanation
A pigment is a generic term for a molecule that absorbs light and has a color. Plants contain many pigments, giving rise to the various colors we see. Flowers and fruits obviously contain a large number of organic molecules that absorb light. Leaves, stems and roots also contain a variety of pigments.
What is the single source of both electrons used by AND the oxygen created by photosynthesis? During which part of the process does this occur?
Water is the single source as it provides the electrons by splitting into oxygen and hydrogen. This process happens during the light-dependent reactions.
what forms xylem and phloem
The vascular tissue of vascular plants is made up of various kinds of cells and components. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.
Remember that the xylem transports water and dissolved mineral salts and the phloem transports sap made by cells and by photosynthesis.
Therefore, both the xylem and phloem form the vascular tissue of plants.
Now, the formation of the xylem and phloem is given by the vascular cambium. This vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem cells and originates from procambium that has not completely differentiated during the formation of primary xylem and primary phloem.
Now, Xylem can contain three types of elongated cells: tracheids, vascular elements or vessels (tracheae), and fibers. At maturity, when they perform transport functions, all these cells are dead.
Then, the cells of Xylem are:
- Tracheids.
- Tracheas or Vessels.
The phloem consists of two types of conducting cells: sieve tubes, which are the most characteristic elements, and annex cells.
The cells of Phloem are:
- Sieve cell and sieve tubes.
- Albumin cells.
- Companion cells
We can conclude that the correct answer is:
Answer:The elements that form Phloem are:
sieve elements, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.
The elements that form Xylem are:
long tracheary elements, parenchyma, and fibers.
On a piece of paper (or anything you can use to solve this) complete a monohybrid cross for Rr with Rr.how many of the offspring will be RR?
Only 1 out of four individuals from the offspring of a monohybrid cross would be RR.
Endotherms may use all the internal means to cool their temperature except which? A. Changes in blood flowB. PantingC. SweatingD. Sunning themselves
The correct answer is D. Sunning themselves
Sunning or sunbathing is a method used by the organism to raise its body temperature.
The options changes in blood flow, panting, and sweating are means of the endotherms to cool their body temperature.
In which landscape region would you most likely find intensely metamorphosed rock?
The New York State landscape is most composed by metamorphosed rocks as well the gneiss, which are rocks formed when subjected to high heat, pressure, hot mineral fluids. These types of rocks and condictions are found deep into the Earth and in the place where tectonic plates commonly meet.
Scientists believe that _______ of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct.A) about 40%B) about three-quartersC) nearly halfD) over 99 percent
Scientists believe that over 99 percent (D answer option) of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct. This can be known by archeologist research, which allows us to know what species lived in the past by studying the soil, its different layers, and the found fossils, dating with high precision how many years ago those organisms inhabited our planet. With these research tools, we have known that there were at least five massive extinctions on the Earth, where aquatic and terrestrial species perished, and they are the Ordovician-Silurian (around 440 mya), Devonian, the Permian-Triassic, the Triassic-Jurassic, and the Cretaceous-tertiary (65 mya) extinctions.
which of the cell is concerned with cellular metabolism?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. nucleolus
As mitochondria is responsible for cellular metabolism that is why, according to the question mitochondria is the correct answer.
Mitochondria is a cell organelle, originally derived from a theory called endosymbiotic theory. According to this theory, mitochondria went through endosymbiosis that is mitochondria existed as an individual bacterium and was engulfed by a higher-level cell.
Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell, as it produces all the metabolites for the cellular respiration and metabolism.
Mitochondria produces ATP by number of metabolic pathways such as - glycolysis, where the breakdown of glucose takes place, and it is metabolized into pyruvate. Tri-carboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle also known as Kreb's cycle, an eight-step pathway that uses the pyruvate from glycolysis and converts into acetyl Co-A, which gives NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain, that uses the NADH to transport electrons from highly electronegative complex to electropositive complex.
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I need help with this can not find answers anywhere !
Acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
Head of the radius articulates with the capitellum of the humerus.
Sternal end of clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum.
Trochlea of humerua articulates with troclhea notch of ulna.
Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of humerus.
The point at which two or more bones meet is referred to as articulation or a joint which are functioning for movement and balance.
I need help with thisItem2.What is asthma? Why do we suspect that Melissa has asthma?
Asthma is a type of respiratory disease in whcih the lung's air passages become too narrow and has excessive mucus production. This will lead a person to experience difficulty of breathing, coughing, and tightness in the chest area. Asthma attacks occur when it is triggered by allergens, strenuous activities, and stress.
We can suspect that Melissa probably has asthma based on the symptoms of coughing for several days and she is experiencing difficulty in breathing.
What are some disadvantages to humans and other organisms of planting one kind of tree?
Planting one kind of tree is another form of a monoculture. Monoculture hampers ecosystem functioning, as it diminishes functional biodiversity. Terrestrial ecosystems are a complex network of several species, that interact with constant feedback among themselves. Trees are primary productors, which means they produce the essential nutrients (that is, organic carbon) that other animals will use to nourish and grow. Different types of primary productors begets functional diversity of herbivores (animals that harm them) and also symbiotic diversity (organisms that benefit them). Besides this, tree's diversity promotes soil stability and function, which is critical to keep the ecosystem working in the long run. Without a proper soil, trees will eventually die, which would annhilate terrestrial biodiversity. So, monocultures are not a pretty good idea in places like tropical forest, where there are a lot of different tree species. On the contrary, in ecosystems such as pine forest, where there is one dominant tree species (which is not the same, as only one tree species, it is just that one tree species is more abundant), planting one kind of tree (the dominant one) could be a good practice to restore the ecosystem.
Answer:
Some disadvantages of planting one kind of tree include:
1. Loss of biodiversity (the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem).
2. They don't provide the necessary amount of nutrition/food.
3. It just takes up a lot of space in the future for when you could be building a farm or something.
Explanation:
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What is taking place in the picture belowA. Amino Acid spoolingB. TranslationC. Cellular RespirationD. Transcription
The biological process that is taking place in the picture in the question is called translation (b), meaning the event where the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (amino acids chain) that form a protein.
3. When you cut your skin, the body secretes platelets to help form a clot. Theclot formation continues until the wound is sealed.ChoosePositive feedbackNegative feedback
Clumping and creating plugs in the blood vessel injuries is the function of platelet to stop bleeding. When the skin is cut, the body starts to secrete platelet to stop the bleeding or form a clot until the wound is sealed. This is called positive feedback which contributes to the accelated formation of platelet that fill in the injured blood vessels and to prevent extreme blood loss.
I need help, look at the pic provided, it’s from my prep guide
The chocolate chip, which represents fossil fuels, leave a hole or spaces when extracted from the cookie. Much like when we take fossil fuel underground, there will be empty spaces underground left behind when the fossil fuels are extracted. In the case of coal mine, there are surface mines. Surface mines level off mountains to extract the coals within. It can cause change of landscapes.
In the cookie's case, it looked ugly without the chocolate chip. In the case of the environment, the surface of the mountains are stipped off and are no longer capable of sustaining life.
The plastics industry realized more than 20 years ago that recycling plastics was a necessity for our planet. Can you recognize the important facts about recycling plastics? ALL BUT ONE statement is true. That is A Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically.Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically.
B Recycled bottles and containers are used to produce lumber products that can be used as an outdoor building material.Recycled bottles and containers are used to produce lumber products that can be used as an outdoor building material.
C Every ton of plastic bottles recycled saves about 3.8 barrels of oil.Every ton of plastic bottles recycled saves about 3.8 barrels of oil.
D Because different types of plastic must be recycled separately, the numbers on plastic containers are there to help consumers and recycling centers with sorting.
The statement that is not true about recycling plastics is Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically; option A.
What are plastics?Plastics are artificially produced materials that are polymers of organic compounds usually derived from petroleum.
Plastics are non-biodegradable, hence. they contribute a lot to environmental pollution.
In order to reduce environmental pollution from plastics, the plastics industry developed a means to reuse already produced plastic to make new plastics in a process known as recycling.
Plastics marked with the #1 and #2 resin code can be recycled economically.
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Which structure feature of the cell membrane allows molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into and out of the cell
May I please get help with these analysis questions. I also need to provide examples for each questionI would appreciate it if I could please get help with answering them all in a way I can understand and get a good grade1) Consider the the specializations of the cells above. What are some advantages to being a multicellular organism as opposed to a unicellular organism?
The advantages of multicellular organism over a unicellular organism is that:
- The multicellular organism can have a longer lifespan because they cells can die and be substitued without the death of the whole organism;
- The multicellular organism can increse in size without limitations because the cells integrate and associated;
- In addiction, multicellularity also permits each cell be able to specialize in different metabolic activities.
- The multicellularity promotes differents types of cells in one organism.
. GENETICS
- Genes and heredity
Identification of dominant and recessive traits
Identification of the genotype and phenotype
Identification of the homozygous and heterozygous
What do Punnet square represent? How to set up a Punnet square correctly?
In order to determine whether a trait is dominant or not, you must have an organism that is known to be heterozygous. Parental phenotype that occurs in a heterozygous organism is dominant. Trait that reappear in f2 generation is recessive .
Identification of genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype, one Test cross must be done .
If an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific allele, It is needed to perform a test cross.
Punnett square is a table in which all of the possible results for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes is performed .
Punnett Square, the genotype of each parent is placed on the sides of a four chambered box. Alleles of one parents is set up on top and other placed down one side .
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10. Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis?A. water and glucoseB. glucose and carbon dioxideC. carbon dioxide and waterD. oxygen and water
The correct option is C. carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis formula 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
The reactants are