How much energy does it take to warm 1.0 kg of ice from −40°c to 0°c? the specific heat of ice is 2090 j/kg°c.

The mass percent of a solution prepared by dissolving 18.9 grams of solid into 39.5 grams of water is 32.4%

Mass of the solute = 18.9 gggg

Mass of the solvent = 39.5 g

Mass of the solution = Mass of the solute + Mass of the solvent = 58.4 g

The mass percent of the solute in the solution:

Mass of solute×100/mass of solution = 32.4%

What is mass?

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Answer:

[tex]C_{6}[/tex][tex]H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]

Explanation:

the molecular weight of the empirical formula:

12+2+16=30

to find ratio of molecular:

180/20=6

multiply the number of atoms of each element by 6 to get [tex]C_{6}[/tex][tex]H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]

There are 0.18 moles of ba(oh)2 in the given reactions.

Volume = 185 ml = 185L

Molarity M =  0.200 m

Molarity M is number of moles/Volume in liter

So,

n = M×V

n = 0.200 × 0.185  = 0.18 mol

The molarity of a given solution has defined as the total number of moles of solute per litre of solution. The volume of a solution depends on changes in the physical conditions of the system, such as pressure and temperature, as opposed to mass, which fluctuates with changes in the system's physical circumstances. Molarity is denoted by the letter M, also known as a molar.

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Fluorine is the most reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.

It reacts all the other elements except the lighter noble gases (He, Ne and Ar). It reacts with "Xe" under mild condition to form 'Xe' fluorides.

Reactions of F(2) with many elements are vigorous and often explosives. In the passive form a few metals such as 'Cu, Ni, Fe' and 'Al' acquire a protective fluoride coating.

However ,if these metals are in powdered form (with a large surface area) or if the reaction mixture is heated ,then the reaction is vigorous. The reactivity of the other halogens decreases in the order 'Cl > Br > I.'

Chlorine and bromine reacts with most of the elements thorugh less vigorously than does fluoride. Iodine is less reactive and does not combine with some elements such as 'S' and 'Se'.

Fluorine and chlorine often oxidize elements further than do bromine and iodine, by this means bringing out ghigher valcances: 'PF_(5), PCl_(5), SF_(6)' etc.

The great reactivity of fluorine is attributable to two factors:

(i) The low bond dissociation enthalpy of the 'F-F' bond which results in a low activation energy for the energy.

(ii) The very strong bond which are formed.  

Both of these properties arise form the small size of fluorine. The weak 'F-F' bond arises because of repulsion between the lone pair of electons on the two 'F' atoms. Strong bonds arise because of the high coordination number '(SF_(6))' and high lattice enthalpy '(CaF_(2))'

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One aspirin at an adult dosage has a pH of 2.6 when dissolved in a solution.

Equation pH = log [H⁺] describes pH, where [H⁺] stands for the molar hydrogen ion concentration. It is important to note that in order to calculate pH, we must use the common (base 10) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Given,

Mass of aspirin = 670 mg = 0.670 g

Volume of water = 6 ounces

= 6 × 0.0295735 L

= 0.177441 L

Molar mass of aspirin = 180.16 g/mol

Moles of aspirin = mass/molar mass

= 0.00371 mol

The pH of the solution is as follows,

The concentration of aspirin = moles of Aspirin/volume of water

Concentration of aspirin = 0.00371 / 0.177441

Concentration of aspirin = 0.020 M

Given that

pKa of Aspirin = 3.5pKa = -logKa

Therefore, Ka = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴

From the Ice table

3.162 × 10⁻⁴ = [x + H⁺]/[aspirin]

= [x²]/[0.020 - x]

Given that the value of Ka is small so we will ignore -x

x² = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.020

x = 2.514 × 10⁻³

Therefore,[ H⁺ ] = 2.514 × 10⁻³

Given that

pH = - Log [ H⁺ ]

pH = - ( -3 + log 2.514 )

pH = 2.6

The pH of the solution in which one regular adult dose of aspirin is dissolved is therefore 2.6, as can be deduced.

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The volume of carbon (iv) oxide measured at S.T.P. that is evolved when one mole of copper (ii) carbonate is heated to constant mass is 22.4 L.

The volume of carbon dioxide produced when one  mole of copper (ii) carbonate is heated to constant mass is given by the equation of the reaction given below;

CuCO₃ (s)  ----> CuO (s) + CO₂ (g)

The mole ratio of the reaction shown above is 1 : 1 for copper carbonate and carbon dioxide.

From the equation of the reaction, one mole of copper carbonate when heated to a constant mass produces one mole of carbon dioxide.

The volume of one mole of carbon dioxide is equal to the volume of one mole of a gas.

The volume of one mole of a gas at STP is 22.4 L

Hence the volume of carbon dioxide evolved is 22.4 L

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Lewis and Bronsted acids accelerate processes by binding to nucleophilic sites in molecules and activating the molecule to nucleophile attack.

The electron-pushing mechanism for the reaction by drawing the necessary organic structures and curved arrows for each step is drawn in the image attached. The final products are represented in the image. The negatively charged oxygen is more nucleophilic and thus removes deuterium from deuterated water. Electrons are moving from the negatively charged oxygen to the deuterium, and then they continue to the deuterated oxygen. The electrophilic carbonyl carbon is attacked by the hydride ion from BH₄⁻ because it is a nucleophilic (electron-rich) species, which causes the electrons to go to the carbonyl oxygen.

Images are attached for the complete question and mechanism of a reaction.

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There is a high probability that the unknown compound that chemistry lab students are identifying through flame test procedures is zinc.

Metals that crystallize in one type of crystalline structure are beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium.

Among these metals, zinc is the only bluish-white one that burns in air with a bluish-green flame.

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The oxidation reaction between two 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecules would produce a sulfur-containing compound called 2-methyl-1-propanethiol sulfoxide

         H3C-S(=O)-CH3

In this structure, the sulfur atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, forming a sulfoxide group. The sulfoxide group is attached to the rest of the molecule, which is a 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecule. The sulfur atom in this molecule is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms, as well as one carbon atom, which is part of a two-carbon chain. The carbon atom at the end of the chain is bonded to three hydrogen atoms, giving the molecule the formula C4H10S.The oxidation reaction between two 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecules is an example of a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. In this case, the sulfur atom in the 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecule is oxidized, meaning that it loses electrons, and the oxygen atom in the reaction is reduced, meaning that it gains electrons. This results in the formation of the sulfur-containing compound 2-methyl-1-propanethiol sulfoxide.

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It has been demonstrated that osmium tetroxide is a useful reagent for hydroxylating olefins into their corresponding 1,2-diols. OsO₄ can be employed either stoichiometrically or catalytically when secondary oxidizing agents are present (H₂O₂, hydroperoxides, amine N-oxides, etc.).

It has been demonstrated that this hydroxylation takes place through the mediation of Os(VI) cyclic osmate esters, which are then hydrolyzed to the diols. A structural analysis of several of these esters revealed that they can exist as syn- and anti-[Os₂O₄(O₂alkene)₂] dimers  and , or as diester monomers [OsO₄(O₂alkene)₂] . It is possible to create isolable bis(adducts)  in the presence of amines, particularly pyridine.

Even though these aren't organometallic complexes, the process by which they arise might use organometallic precursors. Recently, it has been proposed that the electropositive osmium core of the Osdouble bond bond is where an olefin will most likely attack [OsO₄]. Osmium metallacycles can rearrange to become cyclic diesters after first forming

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355.25 grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200.0 g of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulphuric acid

The given response is displayed below.

2NaOH+[tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]→[tex]2H_{2} O[/tex]+[tex]Na_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]

Two moles of sodium hydroxide react with one mole of sulfuric acid to produce two moles of water and one mole of sodium sulfate.

To compute the mass of sodium sulfate, you must first calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide, whose mass value is given.

NaOH has a molecular weight of 40 g/mol.

The formula is shown below.

n=[tex]\frac{m}{M}[/tex]

Where n is the number of moles.

m equals mass

M denotes the molecule's mass.

To get the number of moles, put the appropriate numbers into the equation above.

⇒n=[tex]\frac{200}{40}[/tex] =

n=5

According to the equation, 2 moles of sodium hydroxide yields 1 mole of sodium sulfate.

Therefore, divide the predicted moles of NaOH by 2 to obtain the actual mole of sodium sulfate. [tex]\frac{5}{2}[/tex]=

 2.5mol

Therefore, 2.5 mol of sodium sulfate is produced from 5 mol of sodium hydroxide.

142.1 g/mol is the molecular weight of sodium sulfate.

Replace the numbers in the formula to get the mass of sodium sulfate.

m=2.5×142.1\s⇒m=355.25

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According to the research, the correct answer is Option A. The statement "The atoms absorb energy" describes what happens when a bond between two atoms is broken.

It is the union established by two component atoms of the same compound.

In this sense, they are constituted from the attraction that is registered between opposite charges, in a process that aims at the search for stability, these can be broken, reconstituted or experience both processes, either to absorb or release energy.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, this is because when bonds are broken and formed, energy is absorbed and released respectively.

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The reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid, with the chemical formula NaOH + H2SO4, produces sodium sulfate and water (NaSO4 + H2O).


This acid-base reaction results in the production of salt and water. here in this particular reaction sodium sulfate is salt (product of the neutralisation reaction).
• Caustic soda is an inorganic strong base also referred to as sodium hydroxide, with chemical formula NaOH.
• Sulfuric acid, which is a more potent acid, with the chemical formula H2SO4 as opposed to sodium hydroxide's NaOH.


The interaction of H2SO4 and NaOH results in an acid-base reaction. Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, both acid and base mix to form sodium sulphate; NaSO4, a salt, as well as water as byproducts. This reaction serves as an example of  neutralisation reaction.


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Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.

What is a chemical reaction?

Chemical reaction is the process by which one or more compounds, known as reactants, change into one or more new ones, known as products. Chemical components or compounds make up substances. To produce various compounds as products, a chemical reaction rearranges the atoms that make up the reactants.

As an illustration, when breathing, oxygen is inhaled, which causes glucose to react with it to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Therefore, Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.

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At the state of equilibrium,  the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products will be A) [Reactants] = [Products].

In the field of chemistry, equilibrium can be described as a state during which the amount of reactants is equal to the amount of product that is being produced from the reaction.

In other words, there are equal moles of the reactants as well as equal moles of the products at the stage of equilibrium for a reaction.

When writing the state of equilibrium in a reaction, we will represent this stage as  [Reactants] = [Products]. After this stage, more of the reactants will be utilized for the formation of products.

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Draw curved arrows (0 the reactants to show the formation of new bonds and the breaking of old bonds in the following situations.

1. Diels -The double-burbed curved arrow used in the Alder reaction t0 represents the movement of a pair of electrons.

2. Disregard Ione pairs and non-bonding electrons.

3. Choose Dram More Erase Rings.

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In a calorimeter, when an exothermic reaction takes place in solution, the heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, raising its temperature.

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STP values are most often cited for gases because their characteristics change dramatically with temperature and pressure. One common definition of STP is a temperature of 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure of 1 atm. Under these conditions, one mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L.

To comparing various gas characteristics, standard temperature and pressure (STP) is a helpful set of reference conditions. Gases have a volume of 22.4 L per mole at STP. The ideal gas law may be used to calculate gas densities. The ideal gas law equation's variable "R" is referred to as the "gas constant." A constant number is always equal to the product of the pressure times the volume of a gas divided by the number of moles and the gas's temperature. The units that the temperature, pressure, and volume are expressed in determine the constant's numerical value.

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The information is not required on a workplace label is the particular language border.

The workplace label not need to required the particular border of the language but the do need the following things that is the data of the product identification for the secure product handling. the workplace label is useful for the identification of the hazardous chemical that has been transferred the one of the container to the other container. the name of the chemical should be written as same as on the SDS.

Thus, the particular language border is the information  is not require in the workplace label.

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The number of grams of Na used in the reaction is 0.414 g.

What is vapour pressure?

The tendency of a substance to transform into a gaseous or vapour state is measured by vapour pressure, which increases with temperature.

Given data:

Volume of gas, V = 246 mL = 0.246 L

Temperature, T = 25 degree C =298 K

Total pressure, PT = 1.0 atm

Pressure of water = 0.0313 atm

The vapor pressure of gas, P = PT-  vapor pressure of water

                                              =1.0 atm - 0.0313 atm

                                             = 0.9687 atm

∴ Number of moles of gas,

n = PV / RT

= (0.9687 atm) (0.246 L) / (0.082 Latm/mol.K) (298K)

=0.238/

= 0.009 mol

According to the stoichiometric equation twomoles of Na(s) are required to produce one mole of hydrogengas

∴ Number of moles of Na(s) is required

= moles of gas * 2

= 0.009 mol *2

= 0.018 mol

Mass of Na(s) required

= moles * atomic mass ofNa

= 0.018 mol *23 g/mol

= 0.414 g

Therefore, the number of grams of Na used in the reaction is 0.414 g.

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Nicotine has molar mass nearly equal to 160.90 g/ mol

The two gas required different times to be diffused from the same container. Thus, the rate of diffusion has been proportional to the molar mass of the substance.

Thus, the ratio of the rate of two samples can be given by:

[tex]\frac{Rate ofA}{Rate of B}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{Molar mass of A}{Molar mass of B}[/tex]

Rate can be defined as the amount diffuses per unit time. The equation in terms of time can be given as:

[tex]\frac{Time of B}{Time of A}[/tex] =[tex]\sqrt \frac{molar mass of B}{Molar mass of A}[/tex]

Let gas B be Xenon, having diffusion time 75 sec, and molar mass 131.3 g/mol

[tex]\frac{75}{83}[/tex] =[tex]\sqrt\frac{131.3}{molar mass of A} }[/tex]

molar mass of A = 160.90g / mol

Nicotine has molar mass nearly equal to 160.90 g/ mol

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The measured pressure is lower than what the ideal gas law predicts. In that case, it is false to claim that gas molecules have small volumes in comparison to the total volume they inhabit.

Real gases have lower pressure than ideal gases because of the intermolecular forces of attraction that reduce the amount of time that gas molecules collide with container walls. The ideal gas law overestimates volume at high pressure. The pressure of the gases is quite similar to that of an ideal gas at high temperatures. However, the pressure of gases is lower than that of an ideal gas at lower temperatures. The pressure that the gas exerts on the container wall reduces as a result of the average distance between molecules getting smaller and the observed pressure is less than expected.

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The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L and the pressure is 173 atm.

Part 1.

Sample volume =2.60 L

Pressure =2.20 atm

Volume=?

As per Boyle's law,

P1V1=P2V2

2.20 ATM*2.60 L=6.3 atm * V2

V2=0.308 L

The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L.

Part 2.

Volume=0.0330 L

Pressure=?

As per Boyle's law,

P1V1=P2V2

2.2 atm*2.6 L=P2*0.330 L

P2=173 atm

The pressure is 173 atm.

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The three alkenes :-

2 methyl 1 butene

2 methyl 2 butene

2 methyl 3 butene

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and any other compound or element, normally within the presence of a catalyst together with nickel, palladium or platinum. The method is normally employed to reduce or saturate natural compounds.

Alkenes are a category of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing handiest carbon and hydrogen) unsaturated compounds with as a minimum one carbon-to-carbon double bond. any other term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are greater reactive than alkanes because of the presence of the double bond.

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The solution to the problem gives you the potassium chloride, KCl, solubility in water at 20°C, which is stated to be 34 g/100 g H2O. This indicates that at 20 °C.

34 g of dissolved salt will be present in a saturated potassium chloride solution for every 100 g of water. One or more solutes combined uniformly in a solvent form a solution. One typical example of a solution is adding sugar cubes to a cup of tea or coffee. Solubility is a characteristic that makes sugar molecules more soluble. Consequently, the word "solubility" can be used to describe a quality of a substance (solute). The metal halide salt potassium chloride (KCl, often known as potassium salt) is made up of both potassium and chlorine.

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The little dots that move between fuel rods represent steam.

What are the fuel rods?

A long, thin zirconium metal tube that holds the pellets of fuel for nuclear reactors made of fissionable material.

The fuel rods are bundled together into fuel assemblies, which are then put one at a time into reactor core.

The fuel rod's main functions are to maintain the fuel in a precise geometry and to act as the first line of defense between the fission products and the outside world.

Therefore, maintaining its integrity is main objective of fuel design and operating procedures for reactors.

Small ceramic pellets of low-enriched uranium oxide are the fuel used today's commercial reactors.

These fuel rods are bundled into the tall fuel assemblies, which are then put inside reactor.

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The ph of the solution after 24.00 ml of the hcl has been added is 2.59.

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.

Calculation:-

C₁ =  0.25 M naoh

V₁ = 24 ml = 0.024 L

C₂ = 0.10 M

V₂ =  24.00 ml

concentration of acid                                           concentration of base

concentration = N₁V₁                                                   N₂V₂

                        = 0.024 L × 0.25 M                          = 0.10 × 0.024 L  

                         = 6 × 10⁻³   N                                      = 2.4 × 10⁻³ N
Net concentration = 6 × 10⁻³ - 2.4 × 10⁻³

                              = 2.6 10⁻³

pH = - log  [ 2.6 10⁻³ ]

     = 3 - log2.6

     = 3 - 0.41

      = 2.59

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.

The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.

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Answer:

0.001585 Mol/dm³

Explanation:

Hydrogen ion concentration = 10^(-pH)

10^(-2.8) = 1.5849 × 10^(-3)

The 6 required elements of a supplier label are product identifier, supplier identifier , the signal word, the hazard statement, pictograms and the precautionary statement.

The supplier label must requires the 6 elements that is product identifier that is the name of the product and the ingredients of the product., supplier identifier that the information about the supplier such as supplier name and  company , the signal word, the hazard statement this helps to use the chemical or while transferring the chemical, pictograms and the precautionary statement.

Thus, product identifier, supplier identifier , the signal word, the hazard statement, pictograms and the precautionary statement required for the supplier label.

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