Answer:
Yes. A eukaryotic organisms have mitochondria or some degenerate form of mitochondria. Monocercomonoides is an unusual organisms that does not have the slightest indication that it has a mitochondria nor have at least an abbreviated form of mitochondrial proteins. However, scientist conclude that mitochondria must have once been present in this organism and later lost them.
Explanation:
Usually a eukaryote has some genes in their nuclear DNA needed to assemble mitochondria but that genes were not present in Monocercomonoides. It also does not have a gene for making the energy extracting enzymes. Thus, this extraordinary organism refuses to adhere to the basic requirement of a eukaryotes.
However, scientist classify Monocercomonoides to be a eukaryotes though it does not show evidence of having a mitochondria simply because it is now commonly accepted that mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are essential composition in all newly discovered eukaryotes and that mitochondrial endosymbiosis takes place before radiation of all extant eukaryotes. It means that evolutionist assume that the mitochondria evolved in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes and conclude that mitochondria must have once been present in this organism and later lost them.
Monocercomonoides can still carry out all of its basic functions of life by obtaining energy from glucose using anaerobic metabolic pathways that operates in the cytoplasm of its cell. They utilize glycolysis, the same non-oxygen-requiring, energy-generating biochemical pathway found in the cytoplasm of all cells to metabolize glucose. It gets more energy by using a series of enzymes that breaks down arginine, an amino acid.
The organism could be considered a life form because evolutionist believed that it started out its existence with mitochondria, received a gene for iron-sulfur cluster synthesis from bacteria and lost its mitochondria. With their strange ways to energize their life and build structures for survival, Monocercomonoides live inside a mammalian intestine, a low oxygen environment.
This protist is a remarkable organism that surprises scientist and pushes the limits of what is actually known in biology.
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
I think the answer A. I'm sorry If Wrong
Explanation:
some toll-like receptors (tlrs) are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules. group of answer choices true false
Human defense cells have toll-like receptors on their surface that are engaged in innate immunity.
These receptors focus on certain bacterial antigens, allowing the host defense to quickly and effectively eradicate the bacterium. The O-antigen of E. coli is targeted by toll-like receptors on the surface of NK cells.
It is true that bacteria develop on host surfaces as films. In order to resist host defense, bacteria create coagulated bulk. A protective material is frequently produced by this capsular bulk.
TLR are receptors that recognize pathogens and are present in cell membranes. -they are triggered by PAMPs, and after binding, that specific cell releases cytokines.
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When mt. st. helen erupted in 1980, all living organisms within the immediate blast zone were killed by the explosion and debris. what type of succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance?
a. primary succession b. secondary succession
Because the soil has survived the disturbance, secondary succession moves along more quickly than primary succession.(Position b)
What sort of species are some examples?A living object that includes interdependent elements and is comparable to a live creature is referred to as an organism. Examples of such living things include plants, animals, single-celled life forms, and other creatures. Dogs, humans, and microorganisms are examples of organisms.
Are there living things?An organism is a kind of life that has the ability to procreate: The ability to duplicate oneself is one of an organism's features, although this ability is shared by many other biological entities, including cells, DNA, organelles, and occasionally even communities.
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what term is used to describe a period characterized by very high rates of speciation?
There are four major variants of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Rapid sympatric speciation is a period characterized by very high rates of speciation.
Adaptive radiation is a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity. Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created. Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.
Sympatric speciation is the evolutionary process whereby species are formed from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic area.
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HELPPP!!!!
What is the definition of human rights?
Rights that all human beings possess
Rights that people need to fight for
Rights that some human beings possess
Rights that are given by governments
sorry it says biology i meant to put english
Answer: Rights that all human beings possess
Explanation: Because it states human rights not just some human rights. Also Rights aren't given to you by anyone, your born with them if your an American citizen.
the symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.a. trueb. false
True, an exotoxin that prevents host cell protein synthesis is what causes the symptoms of diphtheria.
How is diphtheria contracted?It easily spreads from one individual to another, through the air in tiny droplets or on surfaces. In industrialized nations like the US, diphtheria is uncommon. That's because the disease has all but been eradicated thanks to high immunization rates. But diphtheria remains a significant issue in many nations around the world.
What was the scent of diphtheria?Diphtheria. Infection with the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheria results in diphtheria. A sore throat is a common symptom of diphtheria, which typically affects the throat or the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Some diphtheria patients have a nauseating, pleasant, or putrid odor in their breath.
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Place each label in the proper position to designate the appropriate glial cell?
- form the myelin sheath in the CNS
Ependymal Cells- ciliated cells resembling epithelium
- produce and circulate CSF
Microglia- macrophages of the CNS
Astrocytes- most abundant CNS glial cells
- multi-functioning cell involved with neurogenesis, scar formation, etc.
Schwann Cells- form the myelin sheath in the PNS
- insulate neurons and enhance the rate of transmission in the PNS
Satellite Cells- surround and insulate cells of the PNS and found around the somas
Glia are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses. They are also known as glial cells (gliocytes) or neuroglia. They keep the body in balance, form myelin in the peripheral nervous system, and support and protect neurons. Glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells and satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Glial cells are far more diverse and functional than neurons, and they can respond to and manipulate neurotransmission in a variety of ways. They can also have an impact on memory preservation and consolidation.
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What is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
A muscle twitch is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse.
A muscle twitch is the contraction of a single muscle fiber in response to a single muscle impulse. When a motor neuron is stimulated, a single muscle fiber contracts, causing a muscle to twitch. Wave summation is the process of sending several action potentials.
Our muscles tighten ("contract") uncontrollably, or when we are not genuinely in control of them, which is what causes muscular twitches. Numerous factors, including stress, excessive caffeine intake, a poor diet, lack of exercise, and the side effects of some medications, can cause muscle twitches.
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which mass extinction event occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species?
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, commonly referred to as the K-Pg extinction event, occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction Event and Its Impact on Mammalian SpeciationThe Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event, which occurred 66 million years ago, was a global event that wiped out the majority of life on Earth. This event is most famously known for the extinction of the dinosaurs, but it also had major impacts on the evolutionary history of mammals.
Before the K-Pg extinction event, there were few mammalian species, but after the event there was a rapid increase in the number of mammalian species. This increase in speciation is thought to be due to the removal of the large dinosaurs, which opened up numerous niches for the smaller mammals to occupy. These new niches allowed for the evolution of new species and the increased diversity of mammals that we see today.
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Schleiden concluded all plants are made of cells and schwann concluded the same thing about animals. Together, how did they contribute to cell theory?.
Cell theory is a foundational concept in biology that states all living things are composed of cells, that cells are the basic unit of life and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. This theory was developed in the mid-19th century by two German scientists, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
Schleiden was a botanist who concluded that all plants are made up of cells. He observed plant cells under the microscope and noted that they all had cell walls. He also proposed that the nucleus of a cell is the center of growth and reproduction. This was the first step towards establishing the modern cell theory.
Schwann was a zoologist who reached similar conclusions about cells in animals. He was the first to observe the nucleus in animal cells and he found that the cell walls of animals are more delicate than those of plants. He also discovered that cells arise from other cells through a process of division.
The two scientists came together to form the basis of the cell theory. They both demonstrated that all living things are composed of cells and that cells arise from pre-existing cells. This formed the starting point of the cell theory and is still accepted today as a fundamental concept in biology.
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Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column?
Parasympathetic ganglia
Sympathetic chain
The sympathetic chain ganglia will extend from the cervix region to coccygeal region.
Sympathetic chain ganglia which are also referred to as the paravertebral ganglia are placed simply ventral and lateral to the spinal cord. The chain extends from the higher neck right all the way down to the coccyx, forming the unpaired coccygeal ganglion. It consists of fashionable visceral afferent and efferent axons that permit for involuntary manipulation of physical capabilities through the hypothalamus. The overarching feature of the sympathetic device is to govern the 'fight, fright or flight' (sympathoadrenal) response. Each ganglion inside this chain is both cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral.
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Which hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?
The answer is option c- Inhibin. While not affect the release of testosterone, the inhibin hormone inhibits spermatogenesis. A pituitary cell culture bioassay was used to determine the amount of inhibition in testis cytosols.
While the HT implants tripled serum testosterone and kept the testicular weight at 75–85% of pre-treatment levels, the LT implants kept serum testosterone control levels and increased testicular weight. Inhibin B is well correlated with FSH in sperm concentration, supporting them as serum characteristics of spermatogenesis. Inhibin B is likely the essential feedback regulator of FSH secretion. Adult spermatogenic activity is necessary when inhibin B levels in the serum are maintained at detectable levels.
Thus, we can conclude that option c—inhibin—is the correct choice. The inhibin hormone prevents spermatogenesis from happening while having no effect on testosterone release.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the complete question below.
What hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?
A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B. testosterone itself
C. inhibin
D. luteinizing hormone (LH)
E. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
to select against the hfr and kill the least number of exconjugants, which would be the best genetic marker
An mutation in a nucleic acid sequence or other genetic feature is referred to as a genetic marker if it can be easily discovered and used to identify a person, a population, a species, or the genes responsible for a hereditary illness.
SNPs, STRs, and indels are the three main categories of markers found in the human genetic . Adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), or cytosine (C) are the four fundamental building blocks that make up a DNA sequence. SNPs only modify one of these bases. For instance, some people may have ACGTGA instead of ACCTGA at a chromosomal region where ACCTGA is present in most people. Given that there is a chance that either a C allele or a G allele may appear at the third position in this illustration, the third position would be regarded as an SNP. Considering that each person receives a single copy of DNA from each parent, every person has two complementary copies of DNA.
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wich of the following among a - d is false regarding an elisa test used to detect the presence of a drug in one's urine, a. a direct elisa test would be used b. the antigen in the test would be the drug, if present in the urine. c. the test would utilize monoclonal antibodies specific to the antigen. d. none of a - c is false; al l are true.
None of a through c are untrue statements in relation to an ELISA test that is used to identify drugs in a person's urine.
What is a sign that the chemical being tested for in the Elisa test is present?Samples' unlabeled antigen and the labeled antigen compete with one another to bind to the capture antibody. When compared to assay wells with labeled antigen alone, a decrease in signal from the purified antigen indicates the presence of the antigen in samples.
What is the purpose of the Elisa test?Pregnancy tests, illness detection in people, animals, and plants, the detection of illegal drug use, assessing the quality of indoor air, and determining the accuracy of food labels are just a few of the numerous uses for ELISA.
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Specialized cells of the dermal system in plants that function in gas exchange are called?
Specialized cells of the dermal system in plants that function in gas exchange are called Guard cells.
The outer protective layer of the primary plant body—the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds—is the dermal tissue system, or epidermis. The epidermis usually has only one layer of cells and no chloroplasts in its cells.
Through holes in the cuticle, specialized pores known as stomata permit gas exchange. The root epidermis, in contrast to the stem and leaves, does not have a waxy cuticle that would impede water absorption.
Specialized cells known as guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. The guard cells' opening and closing are controlled by the turgor pressure in the cells. When guard cells absorb water, their stomatal pores expand, and when guard cells contract, they close.
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major disturbances in thought, emotion, perception, and behavior characterize ________.
Major disturbances in thought, emotion, perception, and behavior characterize psychotic disorders.
These disturbances can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, and abnormal motor behavior.Psychotic disordersThese disturbances often involve hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and gross deficits in social and interpersonal functioning.
People with psychotic disorders may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is not, and may have difficulty communicating effectively with others. Symptoms can be extremely disabling, leaving individuals unable to function in their daily lives. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and social support, depending on the individual's needs.
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A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes.
Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?
The following should remain the same for all trials of this experiment :The initial concentration of substrate.
What must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?If the researcher keeps initial concentration of the substrate constant, then it will give room to compare the reaction rates under different environmental conditions. The reaction rates assist the researcher by providing necessary and important information about the function of enzyme in different environments.
When the temperature increases, then the rate of enzyme activity also increases. An optimum activity is reached at the optimum temperature of enzyme. A continued increase in temperature results in the sharp decrease in activity as the site of enzyme changes shape.
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The two-neuron chain allows increased communication and control of the effector organ. True/False?
It is true that the two-neuron chain enables greater communication and control over the effector organ.
Increased communication and control of the effector organ are made possible by the two neuron chain.
The ANS serves as a conduit between the CNS and its effector, and is composed of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. These two neurons synapse outside of the central nervous system, in an autonomic ganglion.
Improved communication is made possible by the two-neuromuscular chain, which also controls the effector organ. The preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the sympathetic division.
The preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the brainstem or spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Click and drag the labels to identify the landmarks of the sympathetic nervous system Soma of Soma of Splanchnic nerve White ramus Communicating Gray ramus Spinal nerve
The sympathetic nervous system is the autonomic nervous system that operates outside of the body's awareness (unconscious) and originates in the spinal cord.
Picture diagrams and answers are in the picture
General sympathy can be simplified into the following parts:
Preganglionic neurons.sympathetic ganglia.Postganglionic neurons.Preganglionic neurons are located in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord (T1-L2,3) and their fibers (axons), which are called preganglionic fibers. These preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic ganglia usually found near the spinal cord.
Sympathetic ganglia are collections of postganglionic neuron cell bodies.
Postganglionic neurons release long axons (postganglionic fibers) that leave the ganglia and project to visceral effectors, where they release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons are multipolar.
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A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains a sizable membrane-bound compartment known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
What does the cytoplasmic network of membranes look like?The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm, is a network of tubules and sacs (cisternae) that are membrane-enclosed. The biggest organelle in the majority of eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is completely encircled by a continuous membrane.
What is the name of the foldable membrane seen in the ER and Golgi?The term "cisternae" refers to these hollow, flattened folds and sacs. The ER serves two main purposes: Transport: Much like an intracellular highway, the ER allows molecules, such as proteins, to move from one location to another. Similar to unattached ribosomes, ER-attached ribosomes synthesize proteins.
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What best describes the function of meiosis?
Production of gamete best describes the function of meiosis.
Meiosis is type of cell division. At the end of this type of cell division chromosome number of a cell will be decreased to half of the original chromosome number. Meiosis is divided in meiosis one and meiosis two. In meiosis one two daughter cells are produced in meiosis two four daughter cells produced. Four daughter cells that is formed have only half the numer of chromosome compared to parent cell. Meiosis one divided in prophase 1,anaphase 1, metaphase 1,telophase 1. Meiosis two divided into prophase 2,anaphase 2, metaphase 2,telophase 2. In vertebrates like human during meiosis are used to produce sperms and ovum. Sperm is produced through a process called spermatogenesis and ovum produced by oogenesis.
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a patient who has experienced previous jaw and face trauma now reports difficulty tasting with the tip of her tongue. which cranial nerve was likely damaged in that injury?
The cranial nerve that is likely to be damaged is cranial nerve VII
Paralysis can occur when part of the facial nerve, called the 7th cranial nerve, becomes inflamed or damaged. The facial nerve has branches on each side of the face and controls many muscle groups such as the forehead, eyelids, cheeks, and lips.
The four main tastes are bitter, sweet, sour and salty. Screening for sweet or salty taste is done by using salt and sugar. Close the patient's eyes, stick out the tongue, remove the tongue blade, and apply a little salt or sugar to the sides of the tongue. Instruct the patient to tell you the identity of the substance. Let them rinse their mouth and repeat the test on the other side with another substance.
The sensory part or intermediate nerve has the following components:
(1) Taste of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
(2) Secretory and vasomotor fibers to the lacrimal glands, nasal and oral mucosa, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
(3) Cutaneous sensory impulses from the ear canal and posterior regions.
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Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic cell membrane are voltage-gated.
a. true
b. false
The given statement is false. Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic cell membrane are not voltage-gated.
There are two types of receptors at the postsynaptic cell membranes that can bind with neurotransmitters. The two types of receptors are ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors. The ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated receptors. The metabotropic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors.
Therefore, the receptors at the postsynaptic cell membrane are not voltage-gated but are the one that are ligand-gated.
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a fisherman collecting shellfish notices that many of them have holes or jagged edges around their shells. which statement best explains what may have caused the holes and jagged edges of the shells? coral bleaching ocean warming invasive species ocean acidification
Ocean acidification causes a decrease in the pH concentration of the oceans, mostly arises as a result of the entry of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A fisherman noticing a shellfish's shell being very small and lack the thick hard shell may be due to Ocean acidification (option A).
Ocean acidification is mainly caused by fossil fuels and leads to a decrease in the water's pH.
It also causes a reduction in the amount of carbonate, a building block of shells and skeletons in seawater.
This makes it very difficult for marine organisms, such as shell fish and corals, to form their shells and skeletons, and those with existing shells may begin to dissolve.
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Full Question :
A fisherman collecting shellfish notices that many are very small and lack the thick hard shell he is accustomed to seeing in the species. Which statement best explains what may be impacting the shellfish population?
a- Ocean acidification
b- Ocean warming
c- Coral bleaching
d- Climate change
Which mass extinction event occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species?
An extinction event is a broad and quick decline in the biodiversity on earth. It occurs when numerous species go extinct within a short period of time, for example, dinosaurs.
Why is it known as a mammalian?There are various distinctive characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrate creatures. Mammals of all species generate and exude milk from their mammary glands to nourish their young. They also have hair on their body, albeit the amount of hair varies across different mammalian species.
Is the human a mammal?All warm-blooded, hair-covered vertebrates, including humans, are considered mammals. They have a more developed brain than other species of mammals, and they provide milk for their offspring.
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What is the difference between polypeptide and proteins?
What is used to burn hydrocarbons?
A spark is required to burn a hydrocarbon. The spark is the energy required to break the hydrocarbon molecule's carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, as well as the oxygen molecule's oxygen-oxygen link.
The essential energy-storing molecules in all significant forms of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) and biofuels are hydrocarbons. They serve as the raw material for making many different kinds of polymers.
When hydrocarbons are burned with oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water are produced (H2O). Carbon monoxide (CO) may also be released during the burning of hydrocarbons if there is an imbalance between the amount of carbon and oxygen present. Occasionally, incomplete combustion results in the release of unburned hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.
Some hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels, such as gasoline, are burned in automotive engines. The air concentration of hydrocarbons in a typical metropolitan area is roughly 3 ppm (parts per million). Some hydrocarbons, along with other forms of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), contribute to photochemical smog generation.
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What was the conclusion from Mendel's two factor crosses?
Mendel's two-factor crosses lead to the conclusion that genes assort randomly into the gametes.
Each parent's cell has a pair of genes for each characteristic under investigation. One allele for the dominant phenotype and another for the recessive phenotype are present in the F1 from a crossover of two pure lines. The gene pair is made up of these two alleles.
This demonstrated that seeds are primarily spherical and yellow in color. In contrast, the seed's wrinkled appearance and green hue are recessive features. F1 offspring was later self-pollinated. Four distinct seed combinations were produced as a consequence for the F2 generation.
Tall plants were produced via the bridge of tall & dwarf plants. The hybridization plants were all very tall.
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What are functions of the labeled structures?
A. release semen from body B. produces sperm
protects the testes
C. releases semen from the body
D produces fluids that combine with sperm
The male reproductive system includes the structure with the label. The structures with labels mostly serve to create sperm-associated fluid. The right response in this case is option D.
Muscles around the reproductive organs tighten in response to stimulation of the erect pecker, pushing semen down the urethra and duct system. Ejaculation is the act of a guy pushing semen through his urethra and out of his body. A man's ejaculate may contain up to 500 million sperm each time.
the skin pouch that houses and provides protection for the testicles. The temperature of the testicles must be lower than the inside of the body in order for them to produce sperm. The scrotum is external to the body because of this.
When a guy is sexually excited, the seminal vesicles and prostate gland produce seminal fluid, a white fluid that combines with sperm to create semen.
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true or false? the actual stimulation of the muscle cell is the result of a chemical called cholinesterase.
Answer:False
Explanation: