1) Let us assume 100.0 grams of solution. Therefore:
37 g is HCI
63 g is H2O
2) Calculate molality:
moles HCI = 37 g/ 36.5 g / mol = 1.014 mol
kg of water = 0.063 kg
molality = 1.014 mol / 0.063 kg = 16.09 molal
1) Determine moles of HCI in 100.0 g of 37% solution:
37 g of this solution is HCI
37 g / 36.5 g / mol = 1.014 mol
2) Determine volume of 100.0 g of solution:
density = mass / volume
1.19 g / mL = 100g / x
x = 84.03 mL
3) Determine molarity:
1.014 mol / 0.084 L = 12.07 M
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During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP can be generated either by linear electron flow or cyclic electron flow. Which of the following best explains differences between these two mechanisms? ( 2 points)Cyclic electron flow uses only photosystem I and does not produce NADPH or release oxygen.Cyclic electron flow uses photosystems I and II and produces NAPPH but does not release oxygen.Linear electron flow uses only photosystem II but produces NADPH and releases oxygen.Linear electron flow uses photosystems I and II and releases oxygen but does not produce NADPH.
The PSs work in series to move electrons from water to NADP+ while simultaneously producing NADPH and ATP.
What is ATP?
The energy used and stored by cells is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenine, a ribose sugar, and three serially linked phosphate groups make up the nucleoside triphosphate (nucleoside) structure of ATP.
What is electron ?
A negatively charged subatomic particle called an electron can be either attached to or detached from an atom (not bound). Along with protons and neutrons, the electron is one of the three primary particle types found inside an atom.
The PSs work in series to move electrons from water to NADP+ while simultaneously producing NADPH and ATP. Contrarily, cyclic electron flow (CEF) recycles electrons around PSI by diverting them away from ferredoxin (Fd) and toward the plastoquinone (PQ).
Therefore, the PSs work in series to move electrons from water to NADP+ while simultaneously producing NADPH and ATP.
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Which one of the following is most likely to lose electrons when forming an ion?
Kr
C
Se
Zr
The element that is most likely to lose electrons when forming an ion is zirconium, Zr.
The correct option is D.
What are metals?Metals are elements that form positive ions by the loss of electrons.
Hence, metals are electropositive elements.
Some examples of metals are sodium, potassium, calcium, zirconium, etc.
The physical properties of metals include:
They are hard and shiny solidsThey have a characteristic lusterThey are malleable and ductile.The chemical properties of metals include their ability to react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas.
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In order for an ______________ rock
to be created, the rock must first
become _______________.
Answer: you didn't add much information, but I think it's: in order for a sedimentary rock to be created, the rock must first become sediment.
Explanation: sediment is basically small pieces of rock that have been eroded from their parent rock; and with immense heat and pressure, those pieces will form a sedimentary rock.
Work through Example 17.9. Then, calculate how many minutes it will take to plate out 10.0 g of zinc using a current of 5.0 A? Hint: first write an equation for the reduction of zinc ions to elemental zinc.
The time to plate out 10.0 g of zinc using a current of 5.0 A is 98.35 minutes.
The reduction reaction in the electrolysis reaction of zinc
Zn²⁺ + 2e → Zn.
Based on stoichiometry, the number of moles is proportional to the number of reacting atoms or ions.
Number of moles for Zn
n = m ÷ Mr
n = 10.0 ÷ 65.4 = 0.153 mol
Number of moles for electrons
n Zn : n e = 1 : 2
n e = 2 × n Zn
n e = 2 × 0.153 = 0.306 mol
The equation for the number of moles of an electron from Faraday's law
n e = It ÷ 96,485
It = n e × 96,485
5.0 × t = 0.306 × 96,485
t = 29,506.12 ÷ 5
t = 5,901.22 s
t = 5,901.22 ÷ 60 minutes
t = 98.35 minutes
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the grignard reagent needed to accomplish the reaction below is , and you would need 2 equivalents to synthesize the target product.
Butyryl chloride reacts with Grignard reagent, methyl magnesium bromide, to form pentan-2-one. Pentan-2-one reacts with vinyl magnesium bromide to form the final product 3-methylhex-1-en-3-ol.
Explanation-The following diagram illustrates how butyryl chloride becomes 3-methylhex-1-en-3-ol. conversion of 3-methylhex-1-en-3-ol from butyryl chloride. Tertiary alcohols are produced when carboxylic esters, R'CO2R, combine with two equivalents of an organolithium or Grignard reagent. Two identical alkyl groups are present in the tertiary alcohol (see R) A ketone intermediate is used to carry out the reaction, which is subsequently used to react with the second equivalent of the organometallic reagent. As we've just seen, the ketone undergoes further reactions to create a tertiary alcohol. This explains why, when reacting with esters, two equivalents of Grignard are required. a mechanism The Grignard performs an addition reaction on the ester in the first step, resulting in the formation of C-C and the breakdown of C-O (pi), giving us an intermediate with a negatively charged oxygen.
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What does this image represent?
Linear molecule with one domain
Linear molecule with two domains
Tetrahedral molecule with four domains
Trigonal planar molecule with three domains
i need help! 100 points!!!! it better be right
The molecular geometry of the molecule shown in the image is trigonal planar with three domains.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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If this diagram represents sugar in water, what factors affect solubility? (Choose all that apply.
stirring the mixture
temperature of the mixture
volume of container
using finer particles of sugar
If this diagram represents sugar in water -
temperature of the mixture, this factor affect the solubility.
What is solubility?The maximum quantity of a chemical that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature is referred to as its solubility. A synonym for solvability is soluble.
If a solute is a solid or liquid, its solubility rises as the temperature rises. In comparison to cold water, hot water can facilitate the dissolution of sugar. A gas-based solute becomes less soluble as temperature rises. For instance, warm water may dissolve carbon dioxide more easily than cold water.
Thus, temperature of the mixture is the factor that affect the solubility.
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Explain why apple trees bloom in the spring but not in the summer.
Answer:
Apple trees bloom in the spring because they require a certain amount of cold weather, known as chill hours, in order to break dormancy and produce flowers. In most regions where apple trees grow, the temperatures during the springtime provide the ideal conditions for the trees to bloom. During the summer, apple trees are focused on growing and ripening their fruit, rather than producing flowers. In some cases, apple trees may produce a small number of flowers during the summer, but this is not the norm. The exact amount of chill hours that apple trees need can vary depending on the specific variety of apple tree, as well as the region where it is grown.
Explanation:
Answer:
Drought may trigger out-of-season blooming
Many trees and shrubs that flower in early spring, like apples and lilacs, form their buds during the preceding summer. When spring breaks the plant's dormancy, the buds burst open and bloom.
structural insights from molecular dynamics simulations of tryptophan 7-halogenase and tryptophan 5-halogenase.
A computer simulation technique called molecular dynamics (MD) examines the actual motions of atoms and molecules. For a predetermined amount of time, the atoms and molecules are allowed to interact, providing insight into the system's dynamic "evolution."
What purposes might molecular dynamics serve?
For big molecules like proteins, molecular dynamics is frequently the approach of choice. It can be used to explore conformational space. In molecular dynamics, the energy surface is investigated by resolving the system's Newton's laws of motion.
How do simulations of molecular dynamics function?
A method for simulating complicated processes on computers that models them at the atomic level is called molecular dynamics. The system's time evolution is tracked by numerically solving the motion equations, which enables the use of "computer experiments" to derive important kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.
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Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 143- g baseball traveling at 80 mph .
The de Broglie wavelength of a 143- g baseball traveling at 80 mph is 1.092 × 10⁻³⁴ m.
What is de broglie wavelength ?The length scale at which a particle's wave-like characteristics are significant is indicated by its de Broglie wavelength. The symbol or dB is typically used to indicate the De Broglie wavelength. The de Broglie wavelength for a particle with momentum p is given by dB = hp.
Given that,
Mass of the baseball ( m ) = 143 g
= 0.143 kg
Velocity of the baseball ( v ) = 95 m/h
1 m/h = 0.447 m/s
Velocity of the baseball ( v )= 80 m/h
= 35.76 m/s
De-Broglie wavelength is given by :
H is Planck's constant
Thus, The de Broglie wavelength of a 143- g baseball traveling at 80 mph is 1.092 × 10⁻³⁴ m.
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Which star is farthest from the end of its lifecycle? (Science)
Answer:
White dwarf.
Explanation:
its the most furthest.
A 15.5 gram sample of diphosphorous pentoxide contains how many grams of oxygen? O 3.38 O 1.69 O 6.76 O 13.5 8.74
A 15.5 gram sample of diphosphorous pentoxide contains 8.74 grams of oxygen (option D)..
How to calculate mass of an element in a compound?A chemical compound is a substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
According to this question, a chemical compound named diphosphorous pentoxide (P₂O₅) is made up of two elements namely: phosphorus and oxygen.
The atomic mass of oxygen in the compound is as follows: 16 × 5 = 80g/mol
Atomic mass of P₂O₅ = 142g/mol
Mass of oxygen = 80/142 × 15.5 = 8.74 grams
Therefore, 8.74 grams is the mass of oxygen in the compound.
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It takes 4 pounds of steel to make a small robot. You have 48 ounces. Do you have enough? If not what do you need?
No, 48 ounces are not enough. For making a small robot we need 64 ounces which is equal to 4 pounds.
What is pound and ounces?Pound is a unit for measuring weight. 16 ounces makes one pound.
Ounce is also a unit for measuring weight. 16 ounces is equal to 1 pound
So, for making one small robot we need 4 pounds.
1 pound = 16 ounces
4 pounds = 64 ounces
But, we have 48 ounces
We need more = 64 - 48 = 16 ounces or 1 pound
No, 48 ounces are not enough. For making a small robot we need 64 ounces which is equal to 4 pounds.
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what percent of glucose C6H12O2 is carbon?
Answer: 40.0%
Explanation: Thus the % composition of glucose by mass is carbon 40.0 % oxygen 53.3 % hydrogen 6.7 % In this way, the % composition by mass of any compound can be calculated provided that its formula is known.
the following chemical reaction occurs in a single step. fill in the rate law for this reaction. a 2b --> ab2
According to the given statement the rate law for this reaction. A+2B→AB2 is =k[A][B]
How do chemical reactions occur?A chemical reaction is a process that permits one group of chemical components to change chemically into another.Chemical reactions, which can frequently be defined by a chemical equation, traditionally include changes that only affect the locations of electron in the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds among atoms, with no changes to the nucleus (no change to the components contained).
What are the five basic chemical reactions?Combination or synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion are the five different types of generic chemical reactions.
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The indicator in a titration changed color after 0.01 mol of sodium hydroxide were added to a sulfuric acid solution for the acid-base reaction shown below:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
How many moles of sulfuric acid are in solution?
The number of moles of sulfuric acid in the solution would be 0.005 mol.
Stoichiometric problemFirst, the balanced equation of the reaction is as below:
[tex]H_2SO_4 + 2NaOH -- > Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O[/tex]
From the equation, the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to sulfuric acid is 2:1. This means that for every 1 mole of sodium hydroxide used in the reaction, 0.5 moles of sulfuric acid is required.
Now, in this case, the indicator changed color after 0.01 mol of sodium hydroxide has been added to the sulfuric acid solution. This means that the reaction has been completed.
With 0.01 mol of sodium hydroxide used, the equivalent mole of sulfuric acid would be:
0.01/2 = 0.005 mol.
In other words, the number of moles of sulfuric acid in the solution would be 0.005 mol.
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Which air mass contains cold, dry air?
Answer:
The answer to your question is ⇔ arctic air mass
Explanation:
I hope this helps and have a wonderful day!
Within a plug flow reactor, 16.7 g of CO are mixed with 26.2 g of H2; the two produce methanol (CH3OH) according to the following scheme:
CO + 2H2 => CH3OH
Calculate the mass of methanol produced in grams.
According to the reaction, the one mole or 28 g of CO produces one mole or 32 g of methanol. Thus, 16.7 g will produce 19 g of methanol.
What is methanol?Methanol is an organic compound formed by the covalent bonding between carbon and oxygen. Methanol is the basic alcohol.
As per the balanced reaction CO be the limiting reactant. One mole of CO produces one mole of methanol.
molar mass of CO = 28 g/mol
molar mass of methanol = 32 g/mol
28 g of CO produces 32 g of methanol. Hence, mass of methanol produced by 16.7 g of CO is:
= (16.7g × 32 g) / 28 g.
= 19 g.
Therefore, the mass of methanol produced from 16.7 g will be 19 g.
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the normal boiling point of liquid methanol is 338 k. assuming that its molar heat of vaporization is constant at 36.6 kj/mol, the boiling point of ch3oh when the external pressure is 1.29 atm is
The Boiling point is 345.36 K at 1.332 atm.
What is boiling point?
Organic compounds' boiling points will reveal important information about their structural and physical characteristics. The boiling point of a substance aids in its identification and characterization. A liquid's boiling point is higher under higher atmospheric pressure than it is under lower atmospheric pressure.
What is vaporization ?
The process of converting a substance from its liquid or solid state into its gaseous (vapour) state is known as vaporization. Boiling is the process of vaporizing a liquid when the environment permits the development of vapor bubbles inside the liquid.
Relationship is between vapor pressure and boiling point and ΔHvap is given by clauses clampy ton.
ln ( p₂/p₁)- ΔHvap/ R ( 1/ l₂- 1/ T₁)
Now given,
normal boiling point means pressure is 1 atm
P₁= 1atm, T₁= 328k
p₂= 1,32 atm, T₂= ?
ΔHvap= 36.6KJ/ Mol = 36600J/Mol
ln= (1.32/1) = - 36600J/mol/ 8.314 J/Mol.K (1/T₂- 1/338K)
= 1/T₂- 1/338K = - 6.30664*10⁻⁵ K⁻¹
= 1/T₂ = 2.8955*10⁻³ K⁻¹
T₂= 345.36 K
Therefore, Boiling point is 345.36 K at 1.332 atm.
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which of the following electronic transitions in the hydrogen atom would result is the release of a photon with the longest wavelength?
Higher the value of the principle quantum number to which electron is jumping, longer will be the wavelength. So, n = 6, p = 8 transition produces longest wavelength.
What is Wavelength?
A waveform signal that is carried in space or down a wire has a wavelength, which is the separation between two identical places (adjacent crests) in the consecutive cycles.The wavelength is most frequently described in nanometers (nm), which are units of 10-9 m, or angstroms (), which are units of 10-10 m, for infrared (IR), visible light (UV), and gamma radiation ().
Frequency, which is defined as the quantity of wave cycles per second, and wavelength have an inverse relationship.
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What is the [OH-] in a solution that contains 0.285 g of NaOH in 0.350 L of solution 
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. Therefore, 0.020M is the [OH⁻] in a solution that contains 0.285 g of NaOH in 0.350 L of solution.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
Mathematically,
Molarity= number of moles of solute/volume of solution in litre
Where,
moles= given weight /by molecular weight
= 0.285 g/ 40
=0.0071moles
Substituting values in equation 1
Molarity=0.0071/0.350
Molarity=0.020M
Therefore, 0.020M is the [OH⁻] in a solution that contains 0.285 g of NaOH in 0.350 L of solution.
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all of the following are strong acids except question 1 options: nitric acid hydrochloric acid perchloric acid acetic acid sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and perchloric acid are all powerful acids, while acetic acid is a milder one. These acids are all included in the option's given list of acids.
What is acid?
When a substance is treated with aqueous solution, acid—which has a pH below 7—releases H+ ions. The acids are divided into two groups based on their dissociation rates: strong acids, which have a high dissociation rate, and weak acids, which have a low dissociation rate.
With the chemical formula CH3COOH, acetic acid is an organic acid. It is an indistinct acid also known as ethonoic acid.
Vinegar gets its distinctive smell from acetic acid, a byproduct of fermentation.
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What is the mystery element based on the image?
Uranium-235 has 92 protons and 143 neutrons. The mystery element based on the image is krypton 89.
What is an element ?
A chemical element is a species of atoms, including the pure substance made entirely of that species, that have a specific number of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements, in contrast to chemical compounds, cannot be reduced by any chemical process into simpler molecules.
Uranium-235 has 92 protons and 143 neutrons. As an example, two extremely unstable fission fragments, a barium and a krypton nucleus, are produced in many known fission processes of uranium-235 initiated by absorbing a neutron. These pieces very instantly split into barium-144 and krypton-89 after releasing three neutrons each.
Thus, The mystery element based on the image is krypton 89.
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What is the percent composition of Fluorine (F) in the compound XeF6?
Od
26.258%
12.520%
110.76%
46.472%
The percent by mass of the fluorine in the compound is 46.472%.
What is the percent by mass?We know that the percent by mass has to do with the ratio of the total mass of the atom that is part of the compound and the total molar mass of the compound multiplied by one hundred.
The question in this case has demanded that we ought to obtain the mass percent of fluorine from the compound that we can be able to identify from the formula of the compound that is shown here as xenon hexa fluoride.
Mass of the compound can be obtained from; 131 + 6(19)
= 245 g/mol
The total mass of the fluorine atom in the compound is 114 g
Thus we have the use of; 114 /245 * 100/1
= 46.472%
The percent by mass is now gotten for the fluorine atom as 46.472%.
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what type of chemical reaction will Ca LiOH → make
Answer:
It is not possible to determine the type of chemical reaction that will occur when Ca LiOH → without additional information. The chemical formula Ca LiOH could represent a compound, but without knowing what reactants are present and what products are being formed, it is not possible to classify the reaction. Some possible reactions that could occur involving Ca LiOH include a synthesis reaction, where Ca LiOH is formed from its constituent elements, a decomposition reaction, where Ca LiOH breaks down into its constituent elements, or a substitution reaction, where one or more atoms in Ca LiOH are replaced by other atoms.
Explanation:
in the solid state, which of the following forces ammonium acetate units, nh4c2h3o2, to each other? (select all that apply) london dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonds ion-ion
Ammonium acetate (nh4c2h3o2) is attracted to other ions by ion-ion attraction.
Describe solid state.When the constituent particles of a substance are very tightly packed together, the result is a solid state of matter. A solid substance contains atom, volume, ions, as well as other constituent particles. A solid's shape, weight, and volume are determined by the strong and quick interactions that take place between its constituent particles.
What are the benefits of a solid state?In essence, it aids in our understanding of the molecule from the molecular to the crystallographic levels. Nonstoichiometric compounds are classified as an exclusive solid-state compounds in solid-state chemistry because of their structural and thermodynamic properties.
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when the electron moves closer to the nucleus, the energy increases to overcome the positive and negative attractions.
Yes, this is correct. When an electron moves closer to the nucleus, the electrical attraction between the electron and the nucleus increases and the electron must expend more energy to stay in that position. This increase in energy is due to the increased force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus.
The Effect of Electrostatic Attraction on Electron EnergyThe interaction between electrons and the nuclei of atoms is the basis of chemistry. This interaction is due to the attractive force of electric charge, which is known as electrostatic attraction. This force can be felt when an electrically charged object approaches another electrically charged object.
The electrostatic attraction between an electron and the nucleus of an atom depends on the electric charge and the distance between them. The more charged the electron is, the stronger the attraction. The closer the electron is to the nucleus, the stronger the attraction.
This means that when an electron moves toward the nucleus, the electrostatic attraction between them increases, requiring the electron to expend more energy to stay there. This means that when an electron moves closer to the nucleus, the energy of the electron increases to overcome the positive and negative attraction.
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Question
Gold crystallizes in a face-centered cubic structure with a unit cell edge length of 61.52 pm. What is the atomic radius of
gold based on this structure in picometers?
Report your answer with four significant figures.
• Recall that 1.000 pm = 1.000 x 10-¹2 m.
The atomic radius of the gold based on this structure in picometers ia given as: 21.7506
How to solve for the atomic radius of goldThe atomic radius is: The average or normal distance from the nucleus's center to the edge of the surrounding electron shells is what we mean when we talk about an element's atomic radius.
We have the effective number of gold atoms to be 4 in a given unit cell
Then the molar mass of gold is given as 197 g / mol
The relationship between the edge length and the atomic radius is defined mathematically as:
√2a = 4r
make r the subject of the formula
r = √2a / 4
From the question the value of a is given as unit cell edge length of 61.52 pm
We would put this in the formula such that we would have:
r = √2 * 61.52 /4
r = 87.0024 /4
r = 21.7506
The atomic radius is 21.7506
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12-6 What are chemical symbols
Answer:
Chemical symbols are abbreviations that are used in chemistry to shorten names of chemical elements and chemical compounds.
Balance the following reaction in acidic solution: Cr2O72−(aq) + HNO2(aq) ⎯→ Cr3+(aq) + NO3−(aq)
The balanced chemical equation in acidic solution is as follows: Cr₂O₇²−(aq) + 3 HNO₂(aq) ⎯→2 Cr₃+(aq) + 3 NO₃−(aq) + 4 H₂O(l).
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.
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