Hydrolysis of the phosphate bonds in the ATP is used by cells to release energy. In another hand, the conversion of ADP and phosphate to ATP is used to store energy.
ATP, short for Adenosine thiophosphate, can be roughly defined as the "energy coin" of the cell. There are various components in ATP, one of which is the phosphate bond.
The phosphate bond can undergo the process of hydrolysis. It's an exergonic reaction that released energy. The released energy is then used by cells to do metabolic functions, such as reproduction and growth. When one phosphate group of the ATP molecule is removed by hydrolysis, ATP is converted into ADP and phosphate.
During cellular respiration, cells catalyze the formation of the phosphate bonds when ADP and phosphate is are combined and forms ATP.
Learn more about ATP at https://brainly.com/question/11813492
#SPJ4
Rats colonize an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean where no rats previously existed. The rats can have white fur, gray fur, or black fur. Predict what type of selection is likely to occur when each of the following phenotypes have the greatest fitness.
- grey fur
- dark fur
- dark fur in fields and light fur in forests
- light fur
- dark fur on one island, light fur on another
light fur phenotypes have the greatest fitness.
What is phenotype ?As was already said, an organism's phenotype refers to the variety of qualities it possesses. Examples include the observable traits or characteristics of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and environment: the physical expression of one or more genes, such as blue eyes (for eye color character), brown skin (for skin color character), long tails (for tail character), and five-petaled flowers (for flower character).Observable characteristics like height, weight, eye color, hair color, horn size, hoof color, etc. are examples of phenotypic features. A crucial element of livestock characterization is evaluation of the population traits of the designated breed.To learn more about phenotypic features refer,
https://brainly.com/question/902712
#SPJ4
the reaction to a mismatched blood transfusion, as well as erythroblastosis fetalis due to rh factor incompatibility, are two good examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Examples of type II hypersensitivity reaction and its mechanism. Cells are destroyed by antibodies in type II hypersensitivity reactions. It is also referred to as a cytotoxic response.
In this hypersensitive reaction, a particular antibody (IgG or IgM) binds to the antigen on the cell surface and kills the cell. When a cell is a microbe, destroying it is advantageous to the host. However, the cells are the patient's own RBC in Type II hypersensitivity.
One of the three pathways can lead to cell death, they are:
1. Complement mediated cell lysis - Complement system is a system of lytic enzyme which are usually inactive in blood.
Enzymes of complement system are activated by antigen-antibody complex.
2. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - By its Fab part, the antibody binds to the antigen. However, cytotoxic cells have a receptor for the Fc portion of antibodies. In order to facilitate death, antibodies cross link target cells (microorganisms or RBCs) with cytotoxic cells.
3. Opsonization - When antigen enters into host body, antibodies are produced. Antibody binds to antigen through Fab region. Fc region of antibody remains free.
To learn more about hypersensitivity reaction, refer: https://brainly.com/question/13047133
#SPJ4
how long must a donor wait to donate red blood cells again following a 2-unit red blood cell apheresis donation?
After giving a 2-unit red blood cell apheresis donation, the donor must wait 16 weeks before giving red blood cells again.
Based on high-risk behavior or a positive test result, a permanent deferral is granted. Donations of whole blood must be separated by at least eight weeks (56 days), and those of power red by at least 16 weeks (112 days). Donors of whole blood may give up to six times annually. Donors of platelet apheresis can donate up to 24 times a year, or every seven days.
The procedure through which platelets and other particular blood components (red cells or plasma) are extracted from a donor is known as apheresis. The Greek verb aphaeresis, which means “to take away,” is the root of the English term “apheresis.” During this procedure, a device known as a cell separator is used. The donor’s blood is extracted, the cell separator gathers the platelets or another blood component, and the remaining blood components are then returned to the donor throughout the donation. About an hour and a half to two hours are needed for each apheresis donation procedure. During the donation, donors can relax or watch movies.
To learn more about red blood cells, refer:-
https://brainly.com/question/1820223
#SPJ4
Many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
These are called proprioceptors, roughly meaning “receptors for self.” The purpose of proprioceptors is primarily to give detailed and continuous information about the position of the limbs and other body parts in space (specialized mechanoreceptors also exist in the heart and major vessels to provide information about.
What are the 4 proprioceptors?
The most common types of proprioceptors are: muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs (junction between muscle and tendon), joint receptors, vestibular system, and skin.
Where are proprioceptors found in the body?
Receptors involved in proprioception are located in skin, muscles, and joints. Information about limb position and movement is not generated by individual receptors, but by populations of afferents.
To know more about proprioceptors visit;
https://brainly.com/question/13686885
#SPJ4
Name the organelles that store neurotransmitter molecules within the distal end of a motor neuron axon.
Synaptic vesicles are organelles found within the distal end of a motor neuron axon which specialize in storing neurotransmitter molecules. These molecules are released when the neuron is activated, allowing them to cross the synaptic cleft and communicate signals to the post-synaptic cells.
The Role of Synaptic Vesicles in Motor Neuron CommunicationSynaptic vesicles.Synaptic vesicles are organelles that are found within the distal end of a motor neuron axon. They are specialized membrane-bound sacs that are filled with neurotransmitter molecules. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals from the neuron to other cells. When the neuron is activated, the synaptic vesicles fuse with the axon membrane to release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors in the post-synaptic cell to transmit the signal. This process is known as synaptic transmission and is critical for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Learn more about Synapsis: https://brainly.com/question/14341080
#SPJ4
Help fast!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The purpose of cell proliferation process when managing the scrape from the task given in the image above simply is for growth and development.
The correct answer choice is option a.
What is meant by cell proliferation?Cell proliferation can simply be defined as that biological process which occurs in living organisms and involves the growth of cells in living organisms by means of cell division which results to the production of two daughter cells. In order words, cell proliferation results to an increase in the cell numbers, thereby leading to growth and development of cells and tissues. In addition to the explanation given, this process works by means of mitotic division which leads to growth and increases the number of cells in an organism.
In conclusion, we can now confirm and deduce from the explanation given above that cell proliferation is a function of tissue growth and development of mechanism.
Read more on proliferation:
https://brainly.com/question/18275621
#SPJ1
semi-permeable membrane which encloses the cytoplasm and all of the cellular organelles
Cell membranes act as boundaries and checkpoints. Because of their semi-permeability, some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but not others. A membrane that is selectively permeable encloses every cell. This membrane serves as a partition between the internal and external environments in addition to enclosing the cellular organelles.
Is a phospholipid bilayer semi-permeable?
As a result, the phospholipid bilayer serves as a semipermeable membrane that enables cells to maintain their internal monolayers in isolation from the outside world and other cells. The tonicity of the fluid bound by a semipermeable membrane can be used to determine the concentration in relation to the surroundings or other cells.
What is the name for a membrane enclosed?
Organelles are membrane-enclosed spaces found in eukaryotic cells. Like organs in people and other animals, organelles have a specialized purpose for the cell. The Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of organelles.
To know more about semipermeable membrane visit
brainly.com/question/28357045
#SPJ4
during cell injury caused by hypoxia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell?
Due to entry of sodium inside the cell, during cell injury caused by hypoxia, there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell.
Moving fluid and ions into the cell causes immediate failure of metabolism and a reduction in ATP synthesis in hypoxic damage. Normally, the active-transport enzyme ATPase and the presence of ATP maintain the pump that removes sodium ions from the cell. Reduced ATP and ATPase levels enable sodium to accumulate in the cell while potassium diffuses outward in metabolic failure brought on by hypoxia. More water is drawn into the cell when osmotic pressure rises as intracellular sodium levels rise. The other choices fall short of adequately describing the cell damage brought on by hypoxia, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure.
To know more about hypoxia, click here,
brainly.com/question/14562564
#SPJ4
ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. four different levels of complexity exist in the interactions studied in ecology. arrange the levels of study in ecology from the most comprehensive level to the least inclusive level.
The "organism, population, community, and ecosystem" are the four primary research levels in ecology. The processes that maintain and control the environment are called ecosystem processes.
Ecosystem. It is a collection of every living thing and abiotic element that coexists and communicates in a certain space. Both live and nonliving elements of the environment are interacted with. Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment. Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and their ecosystem . There are several approaches to studying ecology. Landscape ecology, population ecosystem , and behavioral ecology are a few examples. Large-scale spatial distribution, trends, and behaviors are the focus of landscape ecosystem .
learn more about ecosystem here:
https://brainly.com/question/842527
#SPJ4
which body system(s) is (are) dedicated to maintaining stable internal conditions by detecting and responding to stimuli?
The body system dedicated to the maintenance of stable internal conditions by detecting and responding to stimuli is the nervous system.
Nervous system and homeostasisHomeostasis refers to the maintenance of relatively constant internal processes such as temperature, pressure, etc. The normal range of operation of processes is referred to as the set point. When these setpoints are breached, it may result in irreversible damage to the body or even death.
Thus, when setpoints are breached, the breach is quickly reported to the control center (the brain) and the brain sets mechanisms in motion to counter whatever is causing a breach to the setpoints.
All these feedbacks happen between the sense organs and the nervous system. The sense organs are able to sense a breach by picking up stimuli, this is conveyed by the nervous system to the brain. The brain then sends messages to muscles, cells, or tissues to counter the breach and return to normalcy.
In other words, the body system that is dedicated to the maintenance of stable internal conditions, otherwise known as homeostasis, is the nervous system.
More on homeostasis can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/3888340
#SPJ1
Free radicals produced during biochemical reactions can serve as carcinogens if they are not neutralized by? a. mutator genes b. growth factors c.antioxidants d.repair enzymes e. proto-oncogenes
Answer: C. Antioxidants neutralises free radicals produced during biochemical reaction serve as carcinogens
Antioxidants displace some of their own electrons to counteract free radicals. They serve as a natural "off" switch for the free radicals by making this sacrifice. This aids in stopping a chain reaction that may have an impact on other cellular molecules and other cells across the body.
Explanation:
What are the free radicals in biochemical reactions.
Free radicals are chemical entities that can be thought of as fragments of molecules because they have an unpaired electron and are frequently very reactive. They are continuously created in cells, either unintentionally as waste products of metabolism or on purpose, for example, during phagocytosis.
The oxygen atom and its radical derivatives (superoxide and hydroxyl radical), hydrogen peroxide, and transition metals are the most significant reactants in free radical biochemistry in aerobic cells.
To stop the generation of free radicals or to reduce their destructive effects, cells have evolved a wide range of antioxidant defences. These include proteins that bind transition metals, enzymes that break down peroxides, and a variety of substances that "scavenge" free radicals. Biomolecules can be oxidised by reactive free radicals produced inside of cells, which can cause cell death and tissue damage. Due to these species' short lifespans, it is very challenging to prove that they are involved in the pathogenesis of a disease.
To know more about Biochemical reaction visit ;
https://brainly.com/question/11582799
#SPF4
PLEASE HELP ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST
Answer:
crystallization d.
Explanation:
i hope it helpps u
How far (in terms of a ) is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic energy?.
0.58 A far is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic energy
If the amplitude = A
The total energy of the system will be (TE) = 0.5 × K × A²
Assume x is the distance from the equilibrium position
The potential energy of the system = 1/2 × K.E
the potential energy = 1/2 × kinetic energy
P.E = 1/2 × (T.E - P.E)
3 × PE = TE
3 × 0.5 × K × x² = 0.5 × K × A²
x = 0.58 × A
The distance from the equilibrium position is 0.58 A
You can also learn about kinetic energy from the following question:
https://brainly.com/question/26472013
#SPJ4
Which type of noncovalent interaction supports the double helix of DNA, and produces the base pairings A-T and G-C?a. ion-dipole interactionsb. dipole-dipole forcesc. ion-ion interactionsd. london dispersion forcese. hydrogen bonding
Hydrogen bonding will be used to support the double helix of DNA.
What is hydrogen bonding?A hydrogen atom that is sandwiched between two other atoms with a strong affinity for electrons interacts in a hydrogen bond.
Atoms in separate molecules or distinct regions of the same molecule can form hydrogen bonds with one another.
One of the pair's atoms is covalently joined to a hydrogen atom, and because of its strong affinity for electrons, hydrogen acquires a tiny positive charge.
An unshared electron pair is present in the other atom of the pair. The donor atom efficiently transfers its hydrogen to the receiver atom by electrostatic attraction, creating a connection.
Water is liquid over a much wider temperature range than would be expected for a molecule of its size due to its extensive hydrogen bonding.
To know more about hydrogen bonding, visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/4542860
#SPJ4
which statements about oxidative phosphorylation are true? the mechanisms of phosphorylation and oxidation are directly coupled. the p/o for nadh is ~2.5. the p/o for succinate is less than that for nadh, at ~ 1.5. the overall energy released by the reduction of o2 to water is more than enough to compensate for the large amount of energy required for atp synthesis.
The true statements about oxidative phosphorylation are the mechanisms of phosphorylation and oxidation are directly coupled.
What is oxidative phosphorylation ?An electron transfer chain that is fueled by substrate oxidation and connected to ATP generation via an electrochemical transmembrane gradient is known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).Cells employ enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic process known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate. This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes.Steps in Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron Transport using NADH and FADH2. Near the start of the transport chain, reduced NADH and FADH2 transmit their electrons to molecules. ... the splitting of oxygen into water, proton pumping, electron transport, and ATP synthesis.To learn more about oxidative phosphorylation refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/8562250
#SPJ1
we consider both mineral resources and energy resources to be resources, many of which have a geologic origin.
Mineral resources are naturally occurring substances that are mined from the Earth for economic benefit. These resources can include:
Metals such as: copper and ironIndustrial minerals, such as: limestoneNon-metallic minerals, such as: salt and gemstonesMineral and Energy Resources: A Geologic PerspectiveEnergy resources are substances, such as fossil fuels and renewable sources of energy, that can be used to generate power.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, are generated from natural processes that occur on a regular basis.Learn more about Mineral energy: https://brainly.com/question/24514288
#SPJ4
What is similar between all nucleotides?
The few nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups is common in the nucleotides.
Nucleotides are of two types namely DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid). Functioning as storage of genetic information, they are responsible for development of the cell and hence body and formation of proteins.
Nucleotides are made of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate groups. Both the nucleotides have common nitrogenous base adenine, guanine and cytosine. But, DNA contains thymine and RNA contains Uracil.
Now, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar. The difference lies in hydroxyl group at third carbon of the ring structure.
Learn more about nucleotides -
https://brainly.com/question/300546
#SPJ4
the articular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the mandible at the temporomandibular joint at which landmark? group of answer choices a. articular eminence b. articular fossa c. zygomatic process of the temporal bone d. condyle
The correct response is b. articular fossa. At the iconic temporomandibular joint, the articular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the jaw.
Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) impact the jaw joints as well as the surrounding muscles and ligaments. Trauma, an incorrect bite, arthritis, or general wear and tear are all potential causes. Jaw soreness, headaches, earaches, and facial pain are typical symptoms. The less frequent chronic form of TMJ is substantially more severe. According to Dr. Granquist, the worry with persistent TMJ dislocation is that eventually the tendons, muscles, cartilage, and AE may be harmed, which might result in arthritis, nerve damage, and perhaps permanent dislocation. Another medical problem that might result in a TMJ disorder is arthritis. TMJ difficulties, however, can also naturally be dental issues, particularly if they are brought on by a person's underlying tooth issue. The muscles of mastication, including the temporalis, masseter, medial, and lateral pterygoid muscles, are involved in temporomandibular disorders. The temporomandibular, stylomandibular, and sphenomandibular ligaments are three important ligaments that stabilize the TMJ.
To learn more about temporomandibular joint here
https://brainly.com/question/19340040
#SPJ4
Which of the following is a long-term environmental change that would require a species to adapt?
A. Seasonal change from spring to summer
B. A storm that passed overnight
C. An earthquake
D. Change in average temperature of a region
Answer:
Change in average temperature of a region
Explanation:
This answer is the only long-term environmental change
If an organism has two different alleles for a given trait (like attached and free earlobes), they are considered ____________, and in __________ traits we automatically know the genotype.
Two different alleles for a given trait are considered heterozygous and in dominant condition automatically know the genotype.
What are heterozygous traits?For recessive characteristics, we know the genotype automatically if an organism possesses two copies of the same allele.
The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same. The person is heterozygous if the alleles are distinct from one another.
Therefore, an allele is one of a gene's two or more variants, for every gene, a person receives two alleles one from each parent.
Learn more about traits, here:
https://brainly.com/question/10494040
#SPJ1
do organisms make different proteins?
Answer:
All the cells of higher organisms have the same DNA but not the same proteins.
haemophilus influenza is an encapsulated bacterium that causes infant meningitis. considering this, which would be best to protect infants form this organism?
The best protection from Haemophilus influenza that causes infant meningitis is administration of conjugate vaccines.
Vaccines are injections administered into body to provide protection. They are based on the principle that prior introduction to weakened or killed from a microorganisms produced natural immunity against it which is remembered by the body by memory cells.
The conjugate vaccines are combination of weak and strong antigens which results in stronger immunity against weak antigens. The conjugate vaccine of Haemophilus influenza comprises polysaccharide of the microorganism. Strong antigen are also known as carrier proteins and in this case are either of tetanus, diptheria toxoid or its mutant toxin of diptheria.
Learn more about vaccines -
https://brainly.com/question/29518057
#SPJ4
Consider the reaction in chemical equilibrium.
COCl2(g) Double headed arrow. CO(g) + Cl2(g)
Which is the correct equation for K?
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Superscript 2 Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Superscript 2 EndFraction
The correct equation for equilibrium constant is K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂].
What is equilibrium constant?
For a chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant can be defined as the ratio of reactant to product that is utilized to determine chemical behavior. The rate constants are constant at a given temperature.
How to calculate equilibrium constant?
By allowing a single reaction to reach equilibrium and then measuring the concentrations of each chemical participating in that reaction, one can determine the numerical value of an equilibrium constant. Calculated is the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations.
According to the given question:
COCl₂(g) ⇄ CO(g) + Cl₂(g)
In the equilibrium state, equilibrium constant will be written as:
K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂]
The correct equation for equilibrium constant is K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂].
To know more about equilibrium constant, check out:
https://brainly.com/question/12270624
#SPJ1
Question 4Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.03 MC)
The central nervous system consists of the
A:Brain and spinal cord
B:Spinal nerves only
C:Brain only
D:Spinal cord only
Answer:
it's the brain and the spinal cord
Which reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte?
a. cortical reaction b. sperm migration c. acrosomal reaction d. capacitation
Acrosomal reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte. Before entering the ovum proper, spermatozoa must pass through the zona pellucida and corona radiata. To do this, they release hydrolytic enzymes from the acrosome called acrosin and hyaluronidase, which penetrate the corona (a trypsin-like protease which digests the zona pellucida).
What factor allows sperm to penetrate the corona radiata?
Some sperm experience an acrosomal reaction known as a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is one that is not brought on by contact with the zona pellucida. The corona radiata extracellular matrix is broken down by the digestive enzymes that are generated during this event.
What part of the sperm releases hydrolytic enzymes that allow it to penetrate the layers of the egg?
A distinctive membrane organelle that covers the sperm nucleus' proximal region called the acrosome has undergone significant evolution. Numerous hydrolytic enzymes found in this acidic vacuole, when produced, aid the sperm in penetrating the egg coverings.
To know more about acrosome visit
https://brainly.com/question/29768160
#SPJ4
A certain species of wildflower that grows yearly in a city park produces pale pink and bright pink blooms. One year a disease kills most of the bright pink flowers. How can the park employees BEST increase the population of bright pink flowers? Responses Interbreed the remaining bright pink flowers to produce more bright pink flowers. Interbreed the remaining bright pink flowers to produce more bright pink flowers. Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers. Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers. Remove all of the pale pink flowers and allow the bright pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the pale pink flowers and allow the bright pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the bright pink flowers and allow the pale pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the bright pink flowers and allow the pale pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely.
Answer:
Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers.
Explanation:
infrared spectroscopy is particularly good at detecting functional groups such as...
Specific functional compounds in polymers can be sensitively detected using infrared spectroscopy (IR). Functional groups like hydroxy, especially when working with hydrocarbon polymers like polystyrenes
Where does polystyrene come from?Appliances, medical equipment, and automotive components all use polystyrene. While its rigid form is employed for housings and casings, polystyrene foam is used as insulation in appliances. The stiff version of this material is also used for housings & casings in electronics.
What sort of material is polystyrene?Polystyrene is a material that comes in three main varieties: foam, normal plastic, and film. Expanded polystyrene (Ps) and extruded polystyrene are two of the various foam kinds (XPS). Styrofoam or packing peanuts are among the most popular and well-known varieties of polystyrene that are included in EPS.
To know more about polystyrene visit:
https://brainly.com/question/912173
#SPJ4
why is there a limit to the amount of shortening that can occur in a sarcomere during muscle contraction?
Moreover, a maximal shortening of the muscle only reduces sarcomere length by around 10% (to just under 2 mm). A sarcomere will create less force if it is stretched too far since there won't be enough myofilament overlap. Over-contracted muscles have a reduced capacity for subsequent contractions, which lowers the force generated. Contraction is impaired if the resting length is either too short or too long. The length-tension connection describes how the length of a muscle fiber at rest affects its ability to contract. The amounts of tension and sarcomere length measured during the plateau were used to establish a sarcomere length-tension relation. Between 1.9 and 2.6 micrograms, tension was independent of sarcomere length, and it decreased to 50% of its maximum at 3.4 micrograms.
learn more about sarcomere here;
https://brainly.com/question/6908670
#SPJ4
what do your cranial nerves tell us about our reliance on vision? what cranial nerves are involved in eye function? be sure to include: g
The position of the eyeballs is controlled by cranial nerves III (CN III), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens), whereas CNIII also affects the position of the eyelids and the size of the pupils. The impulses for the perception of sight go along the optic nerve.
The third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves—the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves—are responsible for controlling the extraocular muscles. The abducens nerve, as its name suggests, controls the abduction of the eye by contracting the lateral rectus muscle.
The superior colliculus in the midbrain combines visual cues with motor responses to start eye movements. To focus the eyes on a visual cue, the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) will cause a fast eye movement or saccade. To swiftly focus the eyes on a visual signal, the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) will start a rapid eye movement or saccade. The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which spans the majority of the brain stem, links these regions to the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei. In horizontal movements requiring the lateral and medial rectus muscles, the MLF permits conjugate gaze or eye movement in the same direction.
To learn more about cranial nerves, refer:-
https://brainly.com/question/28579852
#SPJ4
Many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
These types of neurons are classified as afferent somatic neurons.
Neurons are messengers of information. They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to communicate information between different areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
Neurons are the basic units of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input from the outside world, sending motor commands to muscles, and transducing and transmitting electrical signals at every step. cells responsible for.
Neurons are specialized in transmitting information throughout the body. Nerves are whitish fibers or bundles of fibers in the body composed of numerous neuronal cells that transmit sensory impulses to the brain or spinal cord and impulses from these to muscles and organs.
Learn more about neurons here:-https://brainly.com/question/13061744
#SPJ4