A 7.00kg bowling ball moves at 3,00m/s. How much kinetic energy does the bowling ball have?​

Answers

Answer 1

four..................


Related Questions



9. Which Lewis structure represents a molecule with a bent geometry?

Answers

Answer:

The third structure is a bent geometry of a molecule as it consists of one atom of B(boron)and 3 atoms of Cl(chlorine) linked to the atom of and the bond angle is 120°

Answer:

The first one.

Explanation:

vertical columns in the periodic table represent a group or family of elements that have the same number of valence electrons by having similar electron configurations elements in the same group have similar properties list elements that have similar properties

Answers

The examples of elements with similar properties in the same group are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

What is group of elements in a periodic table?

The groups in periodic table is the same as vertical columns in the periodic table

These groups represent a group or family of elements that have the same number of valence electrons by having similar electron configurations elements in the same group have similar properties.

Examples of elements found in the same group with similar chemical properties include;

group 7 elements.

FluorineChlorineBromineIodine

The valence electron of elements found in the group 7 of periodic table is negative 1 (-1).

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Water + HeatObservations Before Interaction

Answers


Proof of a Chemical Reaction Example: Sugar + Heat The sugar is in tiny white particles in a pile. Heat is not seen but is implied by the heat source. The pile of sugar in the pot weighs 100 grams. There is a solid, light brown mass at the bottom of the pot. It weighs 100 grams. Yes, both the reactants and the products weigh the same. There was not a chemical reaction. Sugar did not change composition. It only melted. Melting point is a physical property, and this is a physical change. Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire) Egg + Heat Water + Heat Zinc+ Hydrogen Chloride Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate

Alex drives 1900 meters in 200 s. Assuming he does not speed up or slow down, what is his speed?

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Alex is driving at 21.2508882 miles per hour

Neglecting air resistance, what would happen if you were a
passenger in a convertible car traveling at a constant velocity
and threw a ball straight up in the air?

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If I were a passenger in a convertible car traveling at a constant velocity and threw a ball straight up into the air, neglecting air resistance, the ball would follow a parabolic path and would eventually fall back into the car.

When the ball is thrown straight up, it will initially have a vertical velocity of 0 at the top of its trajectory. This means that it will begin to fall back down at the same speed that it was thrown up, due to the force of gravity. Since the car is moving at a constant velocity, the ball will appear to fall back into the car from the perspective of someone inside the car. However, from an outside perspective, the ball will be seen to fall to the ground at a point ahead of the car.

It's important to note that this scenario is based on the assumption that there is no air resistance. In the real world, air resistance would cause the ball to slow down as it moves through the air, which would affect the trajectory of the ball and would likely cause it to fall outside of the car.

Bumper car A (296 kg) moving +3.74 m/s makes an
elastic collision with bumper car B (222 kg) moving
+1.85 m/s. What is the velocity of car A after the
collision?
Use the formula to find the final velocity of car A.
Bumper Car A
m₁ = 296 kg
V₁i = 3.74 m/s
m₁ - m²)√₁i+
m1
m2
V₁f = (m
Bumper Car B
m₂ = 222 kg
V2i = 1.85 m/s
(m²
2m²)V₂i = [?] m/s
m₁ + m2
m₁ + m2
Remember: right is +, left is -.

Answers

The speed of car A after the collision is 0.52 m/s.

What is speed?

In everyday use and kinematics, the speed of object is the amount of change in position over time, or the amount of change in position per unit time. So it's a scalar quantity.

For a bumper car A

Mass (m₁) = 296 kg

Velocity (V₁) = 3.74 m/s,

For a bumper car B

Mass (m₂) = 222 kg

Velocity (V₂) = 1.85 m/s,

To calculate velocity of car A after the collision mathematically:

Vₙ =(m₁-m₂/m₁+m₂)V₁

Vₙ = Final velocity of car A

Vₙ = (296 - 222/296 + 222) × 3.74

Vₙ = 0.52 m/s

Hence, the velocity of car A after the collision

Vₙ = 0.52 m/s

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Which of the following quantities is conserved for plant orbiting a star in a circular orbit? Only the planet itself is to be taken as the system the star is not included a. Momentum and energy b. Energy and angular momentum c. Momentum, angular momentum and energy d. None of the above.

Answers

Energy and angluar momentum quantity is conserved for plant orbiting a star in a circular orbit.

What is energy?

Energy is ability to do the work.scientist defines energy as the ability to do work.

Energy and angular momentum, arter all other factors- change.

In the Earth-Satellite system, a gravitational force acts to the  join the two bodies. Thus, there is no torque due by  to gravitational force. Hence, the angular velocity is conserved.

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you hold a spherical salad bowl 50 cm in front of your face with the bottom of the bowl facing you. the salad bowl is made of polished metal with a 36 cm radius of curvature.(a) Where is the image of your 5.0-cm-tall nose located?(b) What are the image’s size, orientation, and nature (real or virtual)?

Answers

a) q = 28.57 cm ,  b)   h ’=  -0.114 cm  the image is inverted and REAL

How does physics create an image?

Because light can come from an item in many different directions, a picture can be created. According to the rule of reflection, some of the light (which we depict as rays) hits the screen and reflected off of it.

Briefing:

For this exercise we will use the equation of the constructor

         1 / f = 1 / p + 1 / q

where f is the focal length of the salad bowl, p and q are the distance to the object and the image

The metal salad bowl behaves like a mirror, so its focal length is

          f = R / 2

          f =36/2

          f = 18 cm

a) Suppose that the distance to the object is p = 50 cm, let's find the distance to the image

          1 / q = 1 / f  - 1 / p

          1 / q = 1/18 - 1/50

          1 / q = 0.035

           q =28.57 cm

b) to calculate the size of the image we use the equation of magnification

          m = h’/ h = - q / p

           h ’= - q / p h

           h ’= - 28.57 / 50×5

           h ’= -0.114 cm

The negative sign means that the image is inverted

As the rays of light pass through the image this is REAL.

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A cannon is fired horizontally at 235 m/s off of a 61 meter tall, shear vertical cliff. How many seconds will have elapsed before the cannon ball strikes the ground? Round to the nearest hundredth.

Answers

Answer:

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

The time elapsed before the cannon ball strikes the ground can be found by using the equation for kinematic vertical motion,

t = (2*d)/g

Where d is the vertical distance and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2).

t = (2*61)/9.8

t = 12.24 seconds

The time elapsed is 12.24 seconds, rounded to the nearest hundredth is 12.24 seconds.

b. Calculate the force acting on a falling 2 kg mass.

Answers

Answer: 9.81(2)=19.62N

Explanation:

A 2.4 × 10-6 C charge experiences a 1.7 × 10-2 N force from a -4.1 × 10-6 C charge. What is the distance separating these two charges?
A.
5.7 × 10-10 m
B.
2.3 m
C.
5.2 m
D.
2.4 × 10-5 m

Answers

The distance separating these two charges is 2.3 m. Hence, option (B) is correct.

What is electric force?

Electric force is the attracting or repulsive interaction between any two charged particles.

Given that: the two charges are 2.4 × 10^-6 C and -4.1 × 10^-6 C.

Force experienced by it =  1.7 × 10^-2 N.

Let the distance between them = r, then

F = kQq/r²

1.7 × 10^-2  = {9×10^9×2.4 × 10^-6×4.1 × 10^-6 }/r^2

r =√[ {9×10^9×2.4 × 10^-6×4.1 × 10^-6 }/ 1.7 × 10^-2  ]

=2.3 m.

Hence, the distance between two charges is 2.3 m.

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Find the depth in a lake at which the pressure is 173.693 lb/in2.

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The depth in the lake of pressure 173.693 lb/in² is 122.45 m.

What is depth?

Depth is the distance down either from the top of something to the bottom, or to a distance below the top surface of something.

To calculate the depth in the lake, we use the formula below.

Formula:

h = P/gD........................ Equation 1

Where:

h = Depth in the lakeP = Pressure D = Density of waterg = Acceleration due to gravity

From the question,

Given:

P = 173.693 lb/in² = 1.2×10⁶ N/m²g = 9.8 m/s²D = 1000 kg/m³

Substitute these values in to equation 1

h = (1.2×10⁶)/(9.8×1000)h = 122.45 m

Hence, the depth in the lake is 122.45 m.

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The side mirrors on cars are convex mirrors. If the side mirror on the driver side of your car has a focal length with a magnitude of 5.90 m and a truck is at a distance of 2.00 m from the mirror, determine the following.(a) image distance of the truck (Include the appropriate positive or negative sign.)=_____ m(b) magnification for this object distance (Include the appropriate positive or negative sign.)

Answers

a) Image distance of truck v = -1.49m/s

b)  magnification for this object distance m = +0.643

Image distance and focal length of a convex mirror is negative.

a) Calculating the image distance using the mirror formula;

[tex]\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}[/tex]

f = the mirror's focal length, which is 5.90 meters,

u = the object's distance from the mirror, which is 2.00 meters, and

v = the image's distance from the mirror.

[tex]\frac{1}{-5.90}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{1}{v}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{1}{v}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1} {-5.9}[/tex] - [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{1}{v}[/tex] = - 0.169 -0.5

  = -0.669

v = [tex]\frac{1}{-0.669}[/tex]

v = - 1.49m/s

What are convex mirrors used for?

All automobiles have convex mirrors in their rearview mirrors. They provide a wider vision than flat mirrors. To span the breadth visible via a convex mirror of a considerably smaller size, we will require enormous plane mirrors. Additionally, convex mirrors are utilized for security in storefronts, corridors of buildings, etc.

b) Magnification is equal to the image/object distance.

Magnification is 1.49/2.

magnifying glass = +0.74

Note that we do not compute the object's magnification using the image distance's negative value.

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based on what you know about the moons of saturn, select all of the correct statements from the following list.

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Saturn's atmosphere is substantially less active than Jupiter's because it is twice as far away from the sun.

how many moons are there for saturn ?

Saturn's moons are many and diverse, ranging from small moonlets barely tens of metres wide to Titan, which is bigger than Mercury. Saturn has 83 verified moons with proven orbits that are not contained in its rings, with just 13 having diameters more than 50 kilometres, as well as thick rings with millions of embedded moonlets and uncountable smaller ring particles. Only one or two of Saturn's moons, Titan and maybe Rhea, are massive enough to have collapsed into a relaxed, ellipsoidal form. Titan, the second-largest moon in the Solar System (after Jupiter's Ganymede), has a nitrogen-rich Earth-like atmosphere and a terrain that includes dry river networks.

Smaller moons "shepherd" or retain particles in their rings in the ring system.

Saturn's atmosphere is substantially less active than Jupiter's because it is twice as far away from the sun.

Saturn's rings are largely comprised of ice particles.

Saturn is not the only planet with a ring system, despite being the most extensive.

Some ring particles are miniature moons separated by tidal forces.

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if the mass of an object were doubled, its weight would be

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Weight of a body is defined as the force with which it is attached to the earth.

mass is the total quantity of matter present.

the weight of something is given as mass * acceleration

weight of an object is directly proportional to the mass of the object.  so, if mass doubles, weight will also double.

hope this helps :)

- jeron


Jibari walks 40.0 meters east in 120.0 seconds. He then walks 30.0 meters west in 60.0 seconds. What is his average velocity for the trip?

Answers

Answer:

0.1667 meters/second.

Explanation:

To find Jibari's average velocity for the trip, we need to first calculate his average velocity for each leg of the trip. To do this, we need to divide the distance he traveled by the time it took him to travel that distance.

For the first leg of the trip, Jibari walked 40.0 meters east in 120.0 seconds. His average velocity for this leg of the trip is therefore 40.0 meters / 120.0 seconds = 0.3333 meters/second east.

For the second leg of the trip, Jibari walked 30.0 meters west in 60.0 seconds. His average velocity for this leg of the trip is therefore 30.0 meters / 60.0 seconds = 0.5000 meters/second west.

To find Jibari's average velocity for the entire trip, we need to add the velocities for each leg of the trip, taking into account their direction. Since the first leg of the trip was east and the second leg was west, we can simply add the two velocities together to find the overall average velocity.

Jibari's overall average velocity for the trip is therefore 0.3333 meters/second east + 0.5000 meters/second west = 0.1667 meters/second.

Therefore, Jibari's average velocity for the trip was 0.1667 meters/second.

Jibari's average velocity for the trip is 0.7 m/s east.

To solve for Jibari's average velocity, we will first need to find his total displacement. We can do this by adding the magnitudes of his eastward and westward displacements. The magnitude of Jibari's eastward displacement is 40.0 meters, and the magnitude of his westward displacement is 30.0 meters. So, his total displacement is

40.0 - 30.0 = 10.0 meters east.

We can then find Jibari's average velocity by dividing his total displacement by the total time it took him to complete the trip. The total time it took Jibari to complete the trip is

120.0 + 60.0 = 180.0 seconds.

So, his average velocity is

10.0 / 180.0 = 0.7 m/s east.

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PLS HELP NEED ANSWER SOON What is the value of g, the gravitational field strength, at the surface of the planet Venus?
Round your answer to two decimal places

Answers

With the use of formula, the magnitude of the gravitational field strength is 8.83 m/s²

What is Gravitational Field Strength ?

Gravitational Field Strength at any point in a gravitational field is defined as  the gravitational force per unit mass on any object placed at that point.

To calculate  the value of g, the gravitational field strength, at the surface of the planet Venus, we will use the formula below

g = GM/r²

Where

g = gravitational field strengthG = Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 × [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] Nm²/kgr = radius = 6.073 × [tex]10^{6}[/tex] mM = mass of the Venus =  4.88 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] Kg

Substitute all the parameters written above into the formula

g = ( 6.67 × [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] × 4.88 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex]) / (6.073 × [tex]10^{6}[/tex])²

g = 3.255 × [tex]10^{14}[/tex] / 3.688 × [tex]10^{13}[/tex]

g = 8.83 m/s²

Therefore, the value of g, the gravitational field strength, at the surface of the planet Venus is 8.83 m/s²

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The driver of a car made an emergency stop on a
straight horizontal road. The wheels locked and
the car skidded to a stop. The marks made by the
rubber tires on the dry asphalt are 16 meters long,
and the car's mass is 1200 kilograms.

Calculate the magnitude of the frictional force the road
applied to the car in stopping it. [Show all work,
including the equation and substitution with units.]

Answers

The magnitude of the frictional force the road applied to the car in stopping it is 8,232 N.

What is the acceleration of the car?

The acceleration of the car is the rate of change of velocity of the car with time.

The acceleration of the car is determined by applying Newton's second law of motion as follows;

ma = μmg

a = μg

where;

a is the acceleration of the carμ is the coefficient of static friction between the car and the asphalt road g is acceleration due to gravity

the coefficient of static friction between the car and the asphalt road  = 0.7

a = 0.7 x 9.8 m/s²

a = 6.86 m/s²

The magnitude of the frictional force the road applied to the car in stopping it is calculated as follows;

Ff = ma

where;

m is the mass of the car

Ff = 1200 kg x 6.86 m/s²

Ff = 8,232 N

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which of the following would be included in a neutral posture
answer: A

Answers

The correct answer choice which is correct about the description of a neutral posture from above is: A boy sitting on an examination chair whose knees are at the same height.

The correct answer choice is option a.

What is meant by neutral posture?

Neutral posture can simply be defined as that position which an individual is that he or she finds comfort in and that can be in that position for a prolonged time. However, the part of the mammalian brain which controls our body postures is known as what we call the cerebellum.

From the context of the task, the body is sitting on a chair with his two knees at the same height is a neutral posture because he will be eased and comfortable to be in this position for a long while.

So therefore, we can now deduce from all said and done above that good posture helps us to maintain balance.

Complete question:

Which of the following would be included in a neutral posture:

a. A boy sitting on an examination chair whose knees are at the same height

b. An examiner sitting on a chair whose knees are at heights far above each other apart

c. A man standing on the stairs whose elbows are lifted upward for long

d. None of the above.

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In the laboratory, you connect a resistor and a capacitor with unknown values in series with a battery of emf ε = 12 V. You include a switch in the circuit. When the switch is closed at time t = 0, the circuit is completed, and you measure the current through the resistor as a function of time as plotted below. A data-fitting program finds that the current decays according to the equation Using common symbols for the battery, the resistor, the capacitor, and the switch, draw the circuit that you constructed (on paper). Show the circuit before the switch is closed and include whatever other devices you need to measure the current through the resistor to obtain the above plot. Label each component in your diagram.

Answers

The voltage across the capacitor is VC=qC since the formula for capacitance is C=q/V. Ohm's law states that the current is defined as I=dq/dt and the potential drop across the resistor is VR=IR.

What happens when a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series?

A series connection between a resistor and a capacitor creates an RC circuit, which charges the capacitor progressively through the resistor until the voltage across it equals the supply voltage. The time needed to fully charge the capacitor is about equal to 5 time constants, or 5T.

How can a capacitor with a resistor issue be fixed?

Simply use V=IR, where V is the battery voltage and R is the resistor resistance, to determine the current flowing through the circuit, and then solve for I. When the capacitor is finished charging, the current has progressively decreased and is getting close to zero.

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A 1.60 kg, horizontal, uniform tray is attached to a vertical ideal spring of force constant 195 N/m and a 280 g metal ball is in the tray. The spring is below the tray, so it can oscillate up-and-down. The tray is then pushed down 15.0 cm below its equilibrium point (call this point A) and released from rest. a) How high above point A will the tray be when the metal ball leaves the tray? (Hint: This does not occur when the ball and tray reach their maximum speeds.) b) How much time elapses between releasing the system at point A and the ball leaving the tray? c) How fast is the ball moving just as it leaves the tray?

Answers

(a) The height above point A will be the tray when the metal ball leaves the tray is 29.24 cm.

(b) The total time elapses between releasing the system at point A and the ball leaving the tray is 0.09 seconds.

(c) The speed of the ball moving just as it leaves the tray is 1.16 m/s.

A) F= gx

ma=gx

(2.295)(9.8)=190x

X= 11.84 cm

B) h= 11.84+17.4 = 29.24 cm

Y=Acos√kt/m-0

T= 0.09s

C) ½ mv² + ½ ky² = ½ kA²

v² = 1.16m/s

What is speed?

In everyday use and in kinematics, the velocity (commonly referred to as v) of an object is the amount of change in its position over time, or the amount of change in its position per unit time; it is therefore a scalar quantity.

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What does the elasticity (stretchiness) of the resistance band determine?

Answers

The resistance band's elasticity (stretchiness) dictates how easily it can be stretched or can be flexible.

What does the resistance band's elasticity determine?

It is the proportion of tensile stress to strain, where strain is the amount of deformation and tensile stress is the tension force applied to a surface area (amount of stretch of the resistance band).

Instead than requiring you to hold additional weight per se, resistance bands function by providing an external resistance force that can be imposed. They are flat, occasionally looping bands that might be thin or thick.

Both rubber bands and springs have a unique quality. The stretch distance affects how hard a band pulls back. The spring constant, denoted by the symbol k (in units of N/m), is a proportionality constant.

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Which of the following statement describes the coriolis effect? Coriolis effect causes the air moving into a low pressure system to bend to the left in the northern hemisphere Coriolis effect causes the air moving out of a high pressure system to bend to the left in the northern hemisphere. Coriolis effect causes the air moving into a low pressure system to bend to the right in the southern hemisphere. Coriolis effect causes the air moving out of a high pressure system to bend to the left in the southern hemisphere. All of the above

Answers

C is the finest statement to describe the Coriolis effect. The apparent route of ocean currents curves due to the rotation of the Earth.

What is the effect of Coriolis?

This is an evident force, relative to the earth's surface, that causes moving things to the right within the Northern Hemisphere and to the left within the Southern Hemisphere as a result of the earth's rotation.

The Coriolis effect is an apparent force, relative to the earth's surface, that causes moving objects to deflect to the right within the Northern Hemisphere and to the left within the Southern Hemisphere as a result of the earth's rotation.

C is the finest statement to describe the Coriolis effect. The apparent route of ocean currents curves due to the rotation of the Earth.

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What is the main difference between the gravitational potential energy is elasctic potential energy

Answers

Answer:

• Gravitational potential energy is always negative while the elastic potential energy is always positive.

• Gravitational potential energy depends on the mass of the object, but elastic potential energy does not depend on the mass.

about the atmospheric winds at different heights on the giant planets, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Answers

"Saturn has the strongest magnetic field among all planets in our solar system," statement is incorrect.

What is a magnetic field?

A magnetic field, a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. When a charge moves through a magnetic field, a force that is perpendicular to both its own velocity and the magnetic field operates on it.

The magnetosphere, a massive magnetic bubble formed by forces deep inside Saturn, has a significant impact on the space environment close to the planet. Deep within the planet's fluid innards, material cycles produce Saturn's magnetic field.

The solar wind, or flow of electrically charged solar particles (electrons and ions), travels across the solar system at a million miles per hour beyond Saturn's magnetosphere. The magnetosphere of Saturn develops when the solar wind collides with its own magnetic field. The magnetic forces of the sun are strongest outside the planet's magnetosphere, while Saturn's magnetic fields are strongest inside the planet's protective envelope.

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Using the concepts of impulse and momentum, describe how to win a water balloon contest by not breaking the balloon.
Requirements:
o Focus on the catch.
o You must mention how momentum, impulse, force and impact time play a part in the catch.
o You may use diagrams to support your reasoning.
o Remember the equation: ∆p = m∆v = F∆t

Answers

You must concentrate on the catch to win a water balloon contest without breaking the balloon. Momentum, impulse, force, and impact time are all important factors in the catch's success. The key to catching a water balloon without breaking it is to reduce the balloon's impact force. The momentum of the balloon, the impulse applied to the balloon, and the impact time all contribute to the impact force.

What is the momentum?

The product of an object's mass and velocity is its momentum. As it is thrown towards you, the water balloon has a certain mass and velocity. The greater the balloon's momentum, the more difficult it will be to catch it without breaking it.

In order to catch a water balloon, you must apply an impulse to the balloon. The higher the impulse, the more effectively you can stop the balloon. To catch a water balloon without breaking it, apply a large impulse to the balloon in a short period of time. This reduces the impact force on the balloon and keeps it from breaking.

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the result of a calculation with the drake equation is intended to be an estimate of the number of worlds in the galaxy on which .

Answers

The result of a calculation with the Drake equation is estimating the number of worlds in the galaxy on which: C. The number of worlds in the galaxy on which civilizations are transmitting signals now.

What is the Drake equation?

The Drake equation, which is also known as the Green Bank equation, is used to estimate the number of communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. This equation is based on electromagnetic emissions that are detectable from Earth. Hence, the correct answer is: C.

This question is incomplete. The complete options for the query are as follows:

“The result of a calculation with the Drake equation is intended to be an estimate of:

a. The number of worlds in the galaxy on which life has arisen.b. The number of worlds in the galaxy on which intelligence has arisen.c. The number of worlds in the galaxy on which civilizations are transmitting signals now.”

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A future space vehicle massing 250,00 kilograms lifts off vertically from the lunar surface at a net acceleration of 3.27 m/s^2. What is the net force that the Moon exerts on the space vehicle, in Newtons?

Answers

The net force acting on the future space vehicle be 81750 Newton.

What is force?

The definition of force in physics is: The push or pull on a mass-containing item changes its velocity.

An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.

Given parameters:

Mass of the  future space vehicle: m =  250,00 kilograms.

Net acceleration of the   future space vehicle: a = 3.27 m/s^2.

Hence, according to Newton's 2nd law of motion:

Net force acting on the future space vehicle: F = mass × acceleration

= 25000 × 3.27 Newton

= 81750 Newton.

Hence, net force acting on the future space vehicle be 81750 Newton.

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Observations suggest that Pluto is covered with icy frost and has a moderately high albedo (0.5). What is
Pluto’s brightness (at the average opposition) relative to the sun if Pluto’s radius is 1120 km?

Answers

Pluto’s brightness relative to the sun is 4.46×10^-7 if Pluto’s radius is 1120 km.

What is albedo?

Albedo, which ranges from 0 (a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1, (a body that reflects all incident radiation), is a measurement of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation.

Given that  albedo of Pluto = 0.5.

Pluto’s radius: R =  1120 km.

Hence, Pluto’s brightness relative to the sun = albedo /(radius)²

= 0.5/(1120×10^3)

= 4.46×10^-7.

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Problem 4 Consider two superconducting wires, tin (Sn, Type I) and Nb3Sn (Type II), each 1 mm in thickness. The magnetic field on the surface of a current-carrying conductor is given by BMol 2nr a) Assuming that Sn wire loses its superconductivity when the field at the surface reaches the critical field (0.2 T), calculate the maximum current and hence the critical current density that can be passed through the Sn wire near absolute zero of temperature. b) Calculate the maximum current and critical current density for Nb3Sn wire using the same assumption as in part (a) but taking the critical field to be the upper critical field Bc2, which is 24.5 T at 0 K. How does your calculation of Je compare with the critical current density of about 10" A/m² for Nb3Sn at OK?

Answers

This value is close to the experimental value of approx. 1011 A/m2

Super conductivity, or current flow with zero electric resistance, is the ability to conduct electricity without suffering energy losses.

The superconductivity is quenched when current through the wire causes the critical magnetic field at the wire surface.

Given that,

B = 0.2T

R = 0.001m (R = r/2)

a. Maximum current, critical current density

Ic = B*2πr / μo

Ic = {0.2 * 2 * (22/7) * (0.001/2)} / 4 * (22/7) * 10-7

Ic = 500A

Thus, maximum current Jc=Ic/A = 6.363 * 108 A/m2

It turns out that the critical current density for TYPE I superconductors is indeed in the range of this magnitude. The superconductivity is destroyed by a current that produces a field on the conductor surface that is equivalent to B.

b. Type II superconductor, Nb3Sn

Critical field is the upper critical field, B2

Ic = B*2πr / μo

Given that, B = 24.5T,   Thickness = 0.001m

 Ic = {24.5 * 2 * π * (0.001/2)} / 4 * π *10-7

 Ic = 61250A

Thus, Maximum Current Jc= Ic/A = 7.795 * 1010 A/m2

This value is close to the experimental value of approx. 1011 A/m2

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