The process in which a DNA strand is used as a template for making mRNA is Transcription.
The non-physical transfer of genetic material from one bacterial strain to another is known as transformation. During DNA replication, daughter DNA is produced by using an existing DNA strand as a template. By using a DNA strand as a template, RNA polymerase synthesises RNA during transcription. This process occurs in the nucleus. mRNA moves back and forth between the A and P sites of the ribosome during the synthesis of proteins. The process of turning an mRNA sequence into polypeptides on ribosomes is known as translation.
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Weeds, sand, and paper clips would not make good mediums of exchange because they lack the key characteristic of:
Answer:
Scarcity
Explanation:
Scarcity determines the value of an item and all of those items are very common, making them of less value
hydrogen, when combined with oxygen in a chemical reaction, forms water. this is an example of which type of chemical reaction?
hydrogen, when combined with oxygen in a chemical reaction, forms water is an example of synthesis chemical reaction
An example of a synthesis reaction is formation of water (H2O).
This reaction occurs when hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with the oxygen (O2) gas. The resulting product is the liquid water
Synthesis reactions are the chemical reactions in which two or more reactants (i.e. molecules) are combined to form single, larger product/molecule
(A + B ---> AB).
An example of synthesis reaction is combination of potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) to form potassium chloride
(2K + Cl2 ---> 2KCl).
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What are the tiny structures in the kidneys where blood is filtered and urine is formed?
Nephrons in the kidneys where blood is filtered and urine is formed.
What are the functions of nephrons?Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
The principal task of the nephrons is to balance the plasma to homeostatic set points and excrete potential toxins in the urine. They do this by accomplishing three key functions—filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. The glomerulus and convoluted tubules of the nephron are located in the cortex of the kidney, while the collecting ducts are located in the pyramids of the kidney's medulla.
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the bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell. t or f
False. The bending of a tip link protein leads to the opening of ion channels, allowing ions to flow in and out of the cell, leading to a depolarization of the hair cell.
The Role of Tip Link Proteins in the Transduction of Sound WavesThe depolarization of the hair cell is an important step in the process of transduction of sound waves in the ear. Tip link proteins are essential in this process, as they act as a mechanical transducer, converting mechanical energy into electrical signals. When these proteins are bent, they open ion channels in the cell membrane, allowing ions to enter and leave the cell, resulting in a depolarization of the hair cell. This depolarization triggers a chain of events, ultimately leading to the generation of a neural signal that is sent to the brain. Thus, the tip link protein is an essential element in the process of hearing.
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What are 3 methods of animal identification?
The three basic techniques for identifying animals are permanent identification microchips, ear tags, and tattooing. In terms of non-permanent identification, tags, paint, and chalk are used.
Due to the fact that tattooing does not detract from the animal's look or value in any way, it is the finest permanent form of identification for registered animals. The optimal time to get a tattoo depends on the animal's species. When cattle are still young calves, tattooing them is easier.
Animal identification using ear tagging is a technique that may be used to track treatments and withdrawals, identify specific animals, maintain stock inventories, and boost record-keeping accuracy.
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The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. the order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is:
The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is:
mouthpharynx (throat)esophagusstomachsmall intestinelarge intestinerectumanusWhat is the digestive tract?This refers to the organs that food and liquid materials move through when ingested, absorb and exit the body as excreta(feces). the digestive tract is included in the digestive system. It is also known as the alimentary tract and gastrointestinal tract.
The process of digestion includes:ingestionpropulsionmechanical or physical digestionchemical digestionabsorptiondefecationLearn more about the digestive tract on
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What energy does hydrocarbons provide?
Natural gas, Crude oil, and coal are all examples of hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds made of hydrogen and carbon. The primary source of energy on the planet is the highly flammable hydrocarbon.
Petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, propane, and diesel are only a few of their applications.
Hydrocarbon molecules are transformed into carbon dioxide and water during the combustion event. Each mole of methane (16 g) burns to provide 810 KJ of energy. Bond energies for all categories of fossil fuels may be used to determine combustion energetics.
Because the total energy of the bonds in hydrocarbons is higher than the total energy of the bonds in carbs, the burning of a hydrocarbon will produce more energy than the combustion of an equal quantity of carbohydrates.
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In their analysis of the ______________ genome, svante pääbo and colleagues found similarities in the remains recovered from southern siberia with living people from populations in ________ and china.
In their analysis of the Denisovan genome, Svante Pääbo and colleagues found similarities in the remains recovered from southern Siberia with living people from populations in Melanesia and China.
What does genome analysis mean?In this case, genome analysis makes reference to observing all differences between genomes that may be used to determine the evolutionary relationships between two or more populations or species such as occurs with Denisovan hominids and the Melanesian group.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that genome analysis can be useful to trace the evolutionary origin of a taxonomic group.
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Define the terms dominant and recessive
Answer:
In genetics, dominant and recessive refer to the two different versions, or alleles, of a gene. A dominant allele is one that is always expressed, or "seen," in an organism's physical traits. A recessive allele is one that is only expressed when two copies of the allele are present in an organism. This means that if an organism has one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait, the dominant allele will mask the expression of the recessive allele.
Explanation:
Answer:
dominant is the gene that is likely to be present for exmaple brown eyes and blue eyes, brown eyes would be the dominant gene because it's more common while blue eyes would be receive gene because it less likely to get it
what happens if there is a defect in only one of the four enzymatic steps of the urea cycle? the defect will not result in any change until multiple enzymes in the urea cycle are affected. the defect will not result in any change unless carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is also affected. the defect results in hyperammonemia, which is an elevated blood nh4 level. the defect results in hyperammonemia, which is an elevated blood nh4 level.
Defects in any of the enzymatic steps in the urea cycle can cause C. These defects cause hyperammonemia, which is an increase in the blood level of NH4.
The urea cycle is part of the nitrogen cycle, namely the conversion of ammonia to urea. In mammals the urea cycle occurs in the liver, the urea product is excreted by the kidneys.
Enzymatic failure at any stage of the urea cycle can be fatal, because there is no other mechanism in the body that can eliminate the toxic properties of ammonia other than being converted into urea. Enzymatic failure of the urea cycle causes symptoms of hyperammonemia, liver damage, mental disability and death.
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A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?
A. the siblings of the organism
B. the offspring of an organism
C. the other organisms living nearby
D. the mating partner of an organism
A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely to be transferred in the siblings of an organisms.
What do you mean by mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection. Germline mutations (that occur in eggs and sperm) can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations (that occur in body cells) are not passed on.
Mutations are happening in our cells all the time, but almost none of these affect our health. This is very different than what we often see in science fiction in movies. In real life, a mutation is never so beneficial that it turns a person into a superhero or does something bizarre like cause them to grow wings.
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The offspring of an organism. A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism is a genetic mutation, and this mutation will be passed on to the offspring of the organism.
What is organism?
An organism is a living being that has an organized structure and is capable of growth, metabolism, excretion, response to stimuli, and reproduction. Organisms are classified into two main groups: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, are multi-celled organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. Organisms can also be classified according to their mode of nutrition, such as autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of producing their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, while heterotrophs obtain their energy and nutrition from other organisms. Mixotrophs, on the other hand, are capable of both autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. Organisms are also classified according to their environment, such as terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial.
The mutation will not be passed on to the siblings of the organism, nor to the other organisms living nearby, nor to the mating partner of the organism.
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Which of these processes occurs after oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis II?
-The nuclear material within the ovum reorganizes into a female pronucleus.
-The nucleus of the sperm cell swells.
-The head, neck, and middle pieces of the sperm cell break down.
-All of the listed processes occur after oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis II
All of the listed processes occur after oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis II. Correct answer: letter D.
Since, after activation of the oocyte and completion of meiosis II, all of the processes listed above occur in preparation for fertilization. The nuclear material of the oocyte reorganizes into a female pronucleus, the sperm nucleus swells, and the sperm head, neck and middle parts rupture. These processes are essential for successful fertilization.
Oocyte Activation and Meiosis II Completion:Oocyte activation is the first step in the human reproductive process. This involves the release of calcium, which stimulates the oocyte to open, allowing sperm to enter. This also initiates the process of meiosis II, in which the oocyte divides into two haploid cells. These haploid cells contain half the chromosomes of the original oocyte.
Once the oocyte has activated and completed meiosis II, there are several processes that take place. The nuclear material within the oocyte reorganizes into a female pronucleus, the sperm nucleus swells, and the central parts, head and neck of the sperm decay.
These processes are critical for the oocyte and sperm to unite properly to form a diploid cell.
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what do all carbohydrates (both available available carbohydrates and dietary fiber) have in common?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen all carbohydrates (both available carbohydrates and dietary fiber) have in common.
Traditionally, dietary fibers are thought to have little energy value. Since dietary fiber is not available for energy, the term "available carbohydrate" refers to total carbohydrates excluding fiber from dietary sources. Dietary fibers can be simply divided into soluble and insoluble fibers. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes are the main sources of fiber. It aids in maintaining regularity, but it also has numerous other health advantages, especially for those who have diabetes or prediabetes. The total of free sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, and oligosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates is referred to as available carbohydrates (dextrins, starch, and glycogen). These are digested, absorbed, and, in humans, glucogenic carbohydrates.
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1.does the data from your group provide evidence that you have asymmetric brains? explain your answer.
The total leftward posterior and rightward anterior asymmetry of the human brain (or brain torque). The frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes have notably substantial asymmetries, which get progressively worse in antero-posterior direction starting at the central region.
The size of regions like the planum temporale, neuronal densities, and—at the largest scale—the torsion or "wind" in the human brain, reflected shape of the skull, which reflects a backward (posterior) protrusion of the left occipital bone and a forward (anterior) protrusion of the right frontal bone—are all examples of neuroanatomical differences. Neurochemical and anatomical differences have been discovered between the hemispheres in addition to obvious size disparities. Cortical column spacing, dendritic structure, and complexity all exhibit asymmetries. In layer III of Broca's region, larger cell sizes are also present.
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The purpose of photosynthesis is to take the reactants _, _, and _
Answer: carbon dioxide, water and light
Explanation:
Word equation for photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + water ---(light)---> glucose + oxygen
The term cardiovascular disease covers abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
glucose is not readily available in the diets of most heterotrophs. so, how do organisms combat this to still go through glycolysis for energy? organisms, like humans, will obtain most of their daily calories from food in the forms of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. the catabolism of these molecules will allow for their monomers to enter glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. what happens in the absence of food? starvation leads to significant weight loss. in fact, people can lose up to 10 pounds per week with no food consumption. this dramatic and life threatening weight loss stems from the fact that these people are unable to receive the nutrients they need from food to go through glycolysis and the subsequent steps of cellular respiration. a) identify the macromolecule being catabolized to power cellular respiration when a person is starving. b) identify the monomers of the macromolecule identified in part (a). connect your answer from part (a) to justify how this leads to dramatic weight loss in people who are starving.
An organism is referred to as a heterotroph if it consumes other plants or animals for food and energy. Its origins are in the Greek words hetero, which means "other," and trophe, which means "nutrition."
Depending on how they obtain energy and nutrients, organisms can be divided into two broad categories: autotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs are known as producers because they have the ability to make their own nourishment from basic materials and energy. Examples include many kinds of bacteria, plants, and algae. Heterotrophs are referred to as consumers because they devour producers or other consumers. Heterotrophs include animals like dogs and birds as well as people.
Heterotrophs are found at levels two and three of a food chain, which is a collection of organisms that provide food and energy to other living things. Each food chain is composed of three trophic levels, which describe an organism's role in an ecosystem. Autotrophs, which include plants and algae, make up the first trophic level of the food chain. Herbivores—animals that eat plants—dwell on the second level.
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many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
Answer: afferent SOMATIC neurons that we call "proprioceptors".
Explanation:
Need help fast!!!!!!!!!!
The best description of how the tree from the image above grows is meristems at the tips of its stems and in a ring surrounding each branch.
The correct answer choice is option b.
What is meant by meristematic tissues?A meristematic tissue simply refers to that plant tissue which has the capacity, ability, and adaptation to actively divide through out its life span. What this means is that this part of plants usually, frequently and most of the time can continue to divide to leads to growth and development of tissue throughout the plant's life.
However, from the c context of the image given in this problem, the meristematic tissues of this tree describes the continual growth of the stems of the plant in a ring surrounding branch.
In conclusion, we can now deduce from the explanation given above that meristems helps plants to divide.
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________ diseases are those that involve the immune system functioning erroneously, such as when the body mistakes its own healthy cells as invaders.
Autoimmune diseases are those that involve the immune system functioning erroneously, such as when the body mistakes its own healthy cells as invaders.
When a particular adaptive immune response is developed against self antigens, autoimmune disease results. The removal of the antigen from the body is the typical result of an adaptive immune response to a foreign antigen. While soluble antigens are eliminated via the production of immune complexes of antibody and antigen, which are then taken up by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system like macrophages, virus-infected cells, for instance, are destroyed by cytotoxic T cells. However, when an adaptive immune response arises in response to self-antigens, immune effector systems frequently are unable to entirely eradicate the antigen, leading to a persistent response.
T cells that are specific for an antigen are activated to start adaptive immune responses, and this is likely how autoimmunity starts as well. Direct or indirect tissue damage can result from T-cell reactions to self antigens. While incorrect T-cell support for self-reactive B cells can result in damaging autoantibody responses, adequate T-cell responses to cytotoxic T-cell responses and inappropriate TH1 cell activation of macrophages can also cause significant tissue damage.
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during angiogenesis, what is the role of platelet factor-4, angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin, and interferon-alpha and interferon-beta? a. they prevent the formation of emboli that protect for tumor cells from host defenses. b. they stimulate the development of new blood vessels. c. they facilitate the attachment of the tumor implants to new blood vessels. d. they inhibit the formation of new blood vessels.
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation from existing vessels. All the given options are correct.
Platelet factor-4, angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin, and interferon-alpha and interferon-beta all play a role in angiogenesis. Platelet factor-4 is a glycoprotein that is released by activated platelets and is involved in the formation of new blood vessels. It stimulates the adhesion of endothelial cells and can induce angiogenesis.
Angiostatin and endostatin are two naturally occurring proteins that are end products of the proteolytic processing of plasminogen. They both inhibit new blood vessel formation by blocking the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells.
Thrombospondin is a secreted glycoprotein that is involved in the formation of new blood vessels. It binds to the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells and stimulates their migration and proliferation.Interferon-alpha and interferon-beta are cytokines that are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. They can both act as inhibitors of angiogenesis by blocking the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells.
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Justify the importance of solar energy as an alternative source of energy in nepal.
The importance of solar energy as an alternative energy source in Nepal by using photovoltaic to overcome the problem of shortage of electrical energy in Nepal.
Nepal is a country located in the Himalayan region, this country often experiences problems related to electricity shortages, causing frequent blackouts. In addition, the development problems that occurred in Nepal caused the electricity crisis to get worse. Therefore Nepal is trying to find alternative energy sources to overcome the problem of electricity shortages in the country. Nepal uses solar energy as an alternative energy source in Nepal.
Solar energy is a source of light and heat energy that can be used as an alternative source of electricity. Sunlight can be provided by using solar panels or photovoltaic to meet the needs of electrical energy for life. The solar panel will catch sunlight and then the coating material on the solar panel will absorb the photons. This will increase the electrons then produce an electric charge. With this alternative source of solar energy, it is hoped that it will meet the needs of electrical energy in Nepal.
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Chaparral vegetation occurs around much of the central valley of central and southern California. This biome is very similar to that found A) in the Australian interior. B) in the Mediterranean region.C) on the southeast coast of the United States.D) in central Asia.
Chaparral vegetation occurs around much of the central valley of central and southern California. This biome is very similar to that found in Mediterranean region.
Chaparral is a type of vegetation community that consists primarily of hard-stemmed, leathery-leaved shrubs. Cacti may be present as well. Chaparral conservation protects a diverse range of species of plants and animals. Chaparral is mostly found in California and northern Mexico, where the climate is comparable to that of the Mediterranean, with dry hot summers and mild rainy winters.
Chaparral, also known as Mediterranean Forests and shrub, is a temperate biome with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Almost all of the rain falls during the winter and spring rainy seasons.
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a synaptic knob would be located on a(n): group of answer choices cell body. axon. dendrite. cell body, axon, or dendrite.
On the axon would be a synaptic knob. The axon hillock is the connection between the cell body and the axon.
On the axon of a neuron are synaptic knobs. The axon may contain a lot of synaptic knobs and might be extremely lengthy. They are bulbous terminal endpoints that exchange information with other cells via neurotransmitters, a chemical messenger. By means of synaptic vesicles located within the knob, the synaptic knob releases them.
The functional connection between neurons and other cells in the body is mediated by synaptic knobs. The synapses are in charge of tying together the axons and dendrites of nearby neurons. Between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells, they regulate the information flow.
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A nonsense mutation causes the ____ of the protein to be terminated prematurely. This reduces the length of the polypeptide and thus alters its function.
A nonsense mutation causes the translation of the protein to be terminated prematurely.
Proteins are found throughout the body, including muscles, bones, skin, hair, and almost every other body part or tissue. They make enzymes that facilitate many chemical reactions and hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body. They perform most of their work inside cells and are necessary for the structure, function, and regulation of body tissues and organs.
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List the genotypes for the following terms use the letters A and a and any superscripts needed.
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
Carrier for a trait
Colorblind male
Blood type AB
The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
What is the genotype?The genotype expresses the characteristics and their forms found in the DNA. The genotype can express whether the character is dominant or recessive, etc., and it is helpful to express the phenotypic traits. The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
Hence, The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
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from the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of glycolysis. drag each compound to the appropriate bin. if the compound is not involved in glycolysis, drag it to the not input or output bin.
Net Input: ADP, NAD⁺, Glucose Net Output: ATP, NADH and Pyruvate,not input or output: O₂, CO₂, coenzyme A and acetyl CoA.
What are the glycolysis's net inputs and outputs?2 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 2 NAD+, and one glucose are the inputs used in glycolysis.Four ATP, 2 NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen), and two pyruvate molecules are the products of glycolysis.
What are the cellular respiration's net outputs?ATP and H2O are the last byproducts of cellular respiration.2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATPs (a net of two ATP), 2 NADH, & two H2O are produced during glycolysis.
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If a two-year-old child's mother needs 130 grams of carbohydrate a day to fuel her brain, how many grams does the child need?.
If a two-year-old child's mother needs 130 grams of carbohydrates a day to fuel her brain, the child needs 100 grams of carbohydrates.
By the time a child is four years old, his brain has grown to 100 grams which is just 300 grams less than an adult's brain, as he learns to walk and talk. The child's ongoing interactions with other people and their environment, as well as correct diet and care, all contribute to the brain's gradual development. Since 90% of brain connections are made by age 6, this is the time when the brain needs the most stimulation. A little organ in the brain called the hippocampus controls memory. However, depending on the type of memory, different parts of the brain, including the cortex and deeper regions called the subcortex, are where memories are actually kept.
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The citric acid cycle is a stage of catabolism that oxidizes acetate into carbon dioxide and generates energy. there are eight enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle. Which enzymes produce NADH as a product?a. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseb. succinate dehydrogenasec. malate dehydrogenased. isocitrate dehydrogenase
The enzymes that produce NADH as a product in the citric acid cycle are: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase.
NADH stands for Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen. It is a coenzyme that is involved in generation of energy for the body during different processes. It acts as a reducing agent that donates electron. Its role is also seen in cell death in the body.
Citric Acid Cycle also called the TCA cycle is the part of the aerobic cellular respiration involved in generation of energy. The process occurs in mitochondria where the energy of acetyl CoA is harnessed into NADH. Acetyl CoA gets oxidized in this cycle.
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what is carrying capacity? question 1 options: all limiting factors in the ecosystem. the amount you can carry in your backpack. how much rainfall an ecosystem can manage. the total number of populations in an ecosysems question 2 (2 points)
The average size of a species' population in a given habitat is referred to as carrying capacity. Environmental elements including enough food, shelter, water and mates are limiting factors for the species' population. If these requirements are not satisfied, the population will decline until the resource levels increase again.
The amount of population that can exist or is tolerated in a given area depends on the carrying capacity of the place. A balance exists between the number of creatures of a particular species that a specific habitat can support over time and the availability of habitat, and this equilibrium is known as biological carrying capacity. Due to low water levels, ships lost an average of 8,000 tons every voyage, or 11% of their carrying capacity. The bridge is utilized annually by about 155,000 cars.
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