Open oceans have relatively low primary productivity because of low levels of the essential nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus.
How much primary production relies upon various ecological factors. These factors incorporate the accessibility of fundamental inorganic supplements, especially nitrogen and phosphorus; water temperature; and the turbidity of the water. Open oceans have moderately low primary productivity on account of low levels of the fundamental supplements nitrogen and phosphorus.
As a result of the thickness distinction between surface water and the remote ocean across a large portion of the ocean, ocean dissemination can gradually once again introduce broke down supplements to the euphotic zone. By driving supplements out of the sunlit, light surface waters, ocean productivity really limits itself.
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What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA virus replication?
Both DNA replication and RNA replication are similar in their purposes. But they vary because of their location, the components, and the steps involved.
DNA replication is the process by which multiple copies of DNA are synthesized. RNA replication is the process by which genome-length RNA is synthesized.
The main aim of these two replications is to produce multiple copies of the genetic material. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus of the host cell. And RNA replication takes place in the cytoplasm of the host cell.
During DNA replication, the DNA virus uses host cell polymerase to produce multiple copies from the single strand of DNA. During RNA replication, the RNA undergoes transcription and replicates viral proteins. This mode is called RNA-dependent RNA synthesis.
RNA viruses also use reverse transcriptase enzymes to produce DNA from RNA. This mode is called RNA-dependent DNA synthesis.
The DNA copies synthesized are mostly stable and double-stranded, and the RNA copies are mostly unstable and single-stranded.
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______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.
Referred pain arises when impulses from some viscera are regarded as coming from skin dermatomes rather than the organ.
What is Referred pain?The activation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous layer usually causes feelings like touch, pressure, vibration, itch, and tickling.
It results from a network of sensory nerves that supply a variety of tissues and are interconnected.
Therefore, referred pain is pain that is felt elsewhere than where the painful stimuli or cause originated.
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in animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?
- Reproductive Cloning - making the genetic copies of entire organisms.
- Therapeutic Cloning - making the genetic copies of the tissues or organs to replace damaged body parts.
Cloning is a way scientists use to make specific genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, tissues, or even complete animals can all be cloned. some clones exist already in nature. Single-celled organisms like micro organism make actual copies of themselves whenever they reproduce.
Despite several quite publicized claims, human cloning nonetheless appears to be fiction. There currently is not any stable clinical evidence that absolutely everyone has cloned human embryos.
Dolly the Sheep turned into introduced to the word with a paper posted in 1997, inside the journal Nature, succinctly titled “viable offspring derived from fetal and person mammalian cells”.
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In reproductive cloning, copies of whole animals are made. In therapeutic cloning, embryonic stem cells are created for experiments aimed at creating tissue to replace damaged or diseased tissue.
In reproductive cloning, an animal that is genetically identical to the donor animal is created by somatic cell nuclear transfer. In reproductive cloning, newly created embryos are returned to the intrauterine environment to allow implantation and development. Dolly the Sheep is perhaps the best-known example. In therapeutic cloning, embryos are created in a similar fashion, but the resulting "cloned" cells remain in the laboratory dish. They are not implanted in the woman's uterus.
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Are amino acids called polypeptides?
Why would similarities in protein structure be a good indicator for relatedness between species?
The molecular comparisons between species genomes as well as the molecular comparison among single gene sequences are generally effective for determining relatedness between species.
To ascertain the link between the species and forecast the evolutionary evidence, these molecular correlations are usually utilized. The amino acid sequences of a representative protein found in the organisms may also be utilized to determine the relationship between the species in addition to the two methods mentioned above.
Living things are the essential biotic elements of an ecosystem, managing their functioning and regulating the ecological balance. They have more environmental significance on Earth since they are a crucial link in the food chain.
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Which theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, organisms are made up of one or more cells, and all cells come only from other cells?
According to the unified cell theory, each living entity is made up of one or more cells, each cell is the building block of life, and new cells develop from existing cells.
Later, this idea benefited greatly from the contributions of Rudolf Virchow. Theodor Schwann put out the classical cell hypothesis in 1839. This theory consists of three components.
All creatures are composed of cells, according to the first section. The basic building blocks of life are cells, according to the second section.
According to the CELL THEORY, or cell theory, all creatures are made up of comparable organizational units called cells.
Schleiden & Schwann first publicly stated the idea in 1839, and it has been the cornerstone of contemporary biology ever since.
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dichotomous keys consist of a series of paired choices, called couplets, that reflect physical characteristics of the organism.
a. true
b. false
Couplets, or pairs of choices, are what make up dichotomous keys and they reflect the physical traits of the organism. So, it's true.
The couplets that make up traditional dichotomous keys are a collection of paired options. Each couplet gives the reader a choice between two distinct character sets that set one group of organisms apart from the other. Couplets, or pairs of choices, are what make up dichotomous keys and they reflect the physical traits of the organism. If Mean scratchy domestic us were the species name for a housecat.
Using a dichotomous key, one can identify things found in the natural world such trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys are made up of a succession of options that guide the user to the right name for a certain item. Dichotomous is a noun that implies "split into two sections." An instrument that aids in identifying an unidentified organism is a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key is a set of statements with two possible answers that list traits of the unknown entity.
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environmental factors including natural disasters play a significant role in causing migration ? which of the following is nit an example of an environmetal push factor that could cause people to migrate to a new area
Environmental risks can be connected to migration as a demographic movement in numerous ways. On the one hand, nearby environmental risks may affect housing choices by influencing the appeal of specific locations.
What natural disasters' role in causing migration?
Conflict and migration are either directly or indirectly influenced by water stress. More people will experience water shortages and be compelled to relocate as water and climate extremes worsen.
Therefore, This translates to the fact that adverse climate shocks initially cause agriculture's productivity to decline, which then causes migration to rise.
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what effect does the parasympathetic system have on the respiratory system? multiple choice question. decreased secretion by mucous glands via alpha-1 receptors bronchodilation increased secretion by mucous glands via beta-2 receptors bronchoconstriction
The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion.
Bronchoconstriction is a response to parasympathetic activation from the vagal nerves, which is brought on by the contraction of the smooth muscle lining the bronchial walls. sympathetic: speeds up and intensifies heartbeat. Parasympathetic: slows and stabilizes heartbeat; lowers rate. coronary blood vessels: the heart. vasodilation: caused by sympathetic. Vasoconstriction is brought on by the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system expands the airway's diameter (bronchodilation) by opposing the parasympathetic nervous system's bronchoconstriction-inducing impulses, which are sent to the airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. When the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is active, it reduces blood pressure, stimulates digestion, and slows our pulse and breathing rates. Our bodies start to relax, and relaxation encourages healing.
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which statement is correct? which statement is correct? the greater the available surface area the lower the amount of gas exchange during internal respiration. during internal respiration, carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood. during external respiration, oxygen is unloaded from the blood. during external respiration, equilibrium is reached for o2 when the partial pressure for o2 in the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli are the same.
When the partial pressure for O2 in the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli are equal, equilibrium for O2 is established during external breathing.
What role does blood play?Blood is essential to human life. Without blood, our bodies wouldn't be able to maintain our body temperature, fight infections, or eliminate waste products on our own. They also wouldn't be able to acquire the oxygen and nutrition they require to function.
What is blood composed of?Plasma and blood cells are the components of your blood. Your body functions normally thanks to the cooperation of its four primary constituents, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma. For your general health, each component is crucial and performs a key function. About 90% of human blood's liquid component, plasma, is water.
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Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting __________.
Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting generally less than 3 minutes.
The metabolic mechanism known as glycolysis is responsible for the transformation of glucose into pyruvate. This process results in the liberation of free energy, which is then put to use in the production of high-energy molecules such as adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Enzymes are responsible for catalyzing each of the ten processes that make up glycolysis. It provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose and relates to activities lasting generally less than 3 minutes.
So option three minutes is the correct one.
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Which two forms of energy does the burning fire release?
The forms of energy does the burning fire release are radiant and chemical energy.
Oxygen helps the chemical approaches that arise at some point of hearthplace. When gasoline burns, it reacts with oxygen from the encompassing air, freeing warmness and producing combustion products (gases, smoke, embers, etc.). The real flames of the hearthplace are the discharge of a number of the warmth strength as light.
These additives have brought about the improvement of the 'hearthplace triangle' of gasoline, oxygen and warmness. Remove anybody of those and hearthplace can not preserve itself.
Chemical energy is transformed to thermal strength whilst human beings burn timber in a fire or burn fuel in a car's engine.For example, if you have a hearthplace burning to your fireplace, the chemical energy withinside the timber modifications into thermal (warmness) strength and radiant (light) strength.
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HELP ASAP. Which description is true regarding fossils and phylogenetic trees of species that have lived on Earth?
O No species are extinct. Therefore, fossils are not needed to create phylogenetic trees.
O A few species are extinct. The fossils of these extinct species can be used to create phylogenetic trees.
Most species are extinct. To classify an extinct organism on a phylogenetic tree, the study of fossils is often required to determine the traits of extinct species.
Some species are extinct. Phylogenetic trees occasionally involve traits of extinct species whose traits require the study of fossils.
Answer: Most species are extinct. To classify an extinct organism on a phylogenetic tree, the study of fossils is often required to determine the traits of extinct species. is the right answer
Explanation:
true or false: the portion of the diencephalon, immediately inferior to the thalamus which contains ascending and descending tracts and the subthalamic nuclei is the hypothalamus.true false question.truefalse
False; the region of the diencephalon that is directly underneath the thalamus and comprises the subthalamic nuclei, ascending and descending pathways, is the hypothalamus.
The diencephalon's most inferior section is the hypothalamus. Subthalamic nuclei are absent from it. The central thalamus and epithalamus are formed by the lateral diencephalon walls in a superior fashion. The subthalamus and hypothalamus are formed beneath them. The components on each side of the third ventricle make up the thalamus, which serves as an anatomical marker. The diencephalon's subthalamic nucleus is a tiny lens-shaped structure situated close to the diencephalon's midbrain junction.
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dentify the cranial nerve, which innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. Vagus Facial Glossopharyngeal Hypoglossal Trigeminal
The nerve that provides innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles is the hypoglossal nerve.
Cranial nerves are nerves that support the function of the five senses and muscle movement by receiving stimuli and conveying information from the brain to be sent to other members of the body to respond. In the cranial nerves there is a type of XII nerve, namely the hypoglossal nerve which is responsible for the muscles in the tongue.
The hypoglossal nerve is located near the meridian line, cranial from the caudal border of the medulla oblongata until it almost reaches the border of the medulla oblongata and the pons. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. There are three extrinsic muscles in the tongue, namely the genloglossus, hypoglossus, and stylogossus which are also intervened by the hypoglossal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve will move the tongue muscles to start moving, swallowing and speaking.
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Of these influences, which appears to be the initial source of gender segregation? A) establishment of gender constancy. B) peer pressure
Differences in behavioral styles and interests appear to be the initial source of gender segregation.
The precept of Segregation describes about how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells. The segregation of gene versions referred to as alleles, and their corresponding trends changed first determined by using Gregor Mendel in 1865.
The law of segregation states that every person that could be a diploid has a pair of alleles (replica) for a specific trait. Each discerns passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism.
Chromosome segregation—the partitioning of genetic material into two daughter cells—is one of the most critical techniques in cellular division.
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in diploid organisms, a pair of chromosomes that are the same size and shape and contain the same genes in the same positions.
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are the same size and shape and contain the same genes in the same positions. They are found in diploid organisms and are derived from each parent.
Identical Chromosomes: A Mirror Image of GenesHomologous chromosomes.Homologous chromosomes are essential components of genetic inheritance. They are found in diploid organisms and contain a complete set of genes that are necessary for the organism's development. Each homologous chromosome is inherited from one parent, with the two chromosomes making up a chromosome pair.
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How many of the following can be used to distinguish a nematode worm from an annelid worm? WHY?
1. type of body cavity
2. number of muscle layers in the body wall
3. presence of segmentation
4. number of embryonic tissue layers
5. shape of worm in cross-sectional view
The distinguishing features from a nematode worm and annelid worm include:
type of body cavity reason being that their body has a cavity or pseudo coelom. presence of segmentation reason being that their body is bilaterally symmetrical. shape of worm in cross-sectional view. What are nematode worm?Nematode worms are described as cylindrical non-segmented organisms that are found throughout the world both as free-living species and as human and animal pathogens.
The morphological adaptive features of nematodes worms for plant parasitism include a hollow, protrusible stylet which is connected to three esophageal gland cells that express products secreted into plant tissues through the stylet.
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The growth hormone axis contains at least one example of a negative feedback loop.
True or False
It is true that the growth hormone axis contains at least one example of a negative feedback loop.
Two different kinds of negative feedback loops are involved in controlling the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Long-loop feedback and short-loop feedback are the two types.
The growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) synthesis and secretion from the hypothalamus are blocked by pituitary hormones in short-loop feedback. This will result in the inhibition of GH secretion.
In long-loop feedback, the release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from the endocrine part of the liver blocks the GHRH secretion and synthesis by the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus. This also thus results in the inhibition of GH secretion.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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comparisons of bone size and osteoarthritis between agriculturalists and their hunting and gathering ancestors indicate that agricultural populations generally engaged in more strenuous activities.
a. true
b. false
Bone size and osteoarthritis comparisons between agriculturalists and their hunting and gathering ancestors show that agricultural populations engaged in more strenuous activities. This statement is False.
The most common type of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide, is osteoarthritis. It happens over time as the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down. Although osteoarthritis can affect any joint, it most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine.
Previous joint injury, abnormal joint or limb development, and inherited factors are all potential causes. Overweight people, people with different leg lengths, and people who work in jobs that cause a lot of joint stress are at a higher risk. In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis, the joints in osteoarthritis do not become hot or red.
Treatment includes exercise, decreasing joint stress such as by rest or use of a cane, support groups, and pain medications. Another treatment option for osteoarthritis is stem cell transplantation, which involves injecting patients with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells or autologous chondrocytes.
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There should be at least 3g of dietary fiber for every 100 calories per serving. (True or False)
It is true that there should be at least 3g of dietary fiber for every 100 calories per serving.
Dietary fiber is an essential part of a healthy diet. It helps promote regularity, lowers cholesterol levels, and can help stave off hunger. Getting enough dietary fiber is especially important for people who are trying to lose or maintain a healthy weight since it helps them feel fuller and longer. Thus, it is recommended that for every 100 calories per serving, there should be at least 3g of dietary fiber. This amount of dietary fiber can help you feel satiated and avoid overeating. Additionally, it will provide your body with essential nutrients that help promote digestion and overall health.
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the mechanism that selects for antigen-reactive t cells that respond to foreign antigens while ignoring self-antigens is called clonal:___.
The mechanism that selects for antigen-reactive cells that respond to foreign antigens while ignoring self-antigens is called clonal selection.
According to the clonal selection theory, antigen selects lymphocytes for activation from a population of cells that have already committed to producing specific antibody. This theory assumes that antibody-forming cells are monospecific and have cell-surface receptors that can bind foreign antigens.
Clonal selection theory in immunology explains the functions of immune system cells in response to specific antigens invading the body. Random mutations during clonal expansion cause the production of B cells with increased antibody-binding affinity for their antigens during clonal selection. The clonal selection hypothesis could explain why secondary immune responses are so effective at preventing re-infection with the same pathogen.
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the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, located in the synaptic cleft and on the postsynaptic membrane, breaks ach down into acetate and choline, thereby stopping the stimulation of a postsynaptic cell. t or f
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase, located in the synaptic cleft and on the postsynaptic membrane, breaks ach down into acetate and choline, thereby stopping the stimulation of a postsynaptic cell. This statement is True.
By quickly hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in a variety of cholinergic routes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, acetylcholinesterase participates in the termination of impulse transmission. The buildup of acetylcholine, hyperstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and disruption of neurotransmission are caused by the enzyme inactivation, which is triggered by a variety of inhibitors. As a result, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used as appropriate medications and poisons, with the enzyme functioning as their principal target. An overview of the toxicity and pharmacology of substances that inactivate acetylcholinesterase both temporarily and permanently.Additionally, the pharmacological management of organophosphate poisoning is discussed, with a focus on the administration of oxime reactivators of suppressed enzyme activity as causative medications after the poisoning. In addition, before reaching their targets in the nervous system, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides can be detoxified in mammals through enzymatic hydrolysis. While carbamates are most efficiently broken down by carboxylesterases, organophosphates are most successfully detoxified by being broken down by the matching phosphodiesterase's.
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Are all the molecules in the reactants of photosynthesis converted to products, or are some lost?
most common compounds in all organisms?
Answer: oxygen and hydrogen
Explanation: oxygen is present about 62.8% in all living organisms and the main source is water and atmosphere while hydrogen comprises 9.3% and the main source is water
a researcher placed a culture of cyanobacteria under green lights. within a few weeks, the appearance of the cyanobacteria changed from green to red. the researcher claimed the color change in the culture was the result of an adaptation allowing greater photosynthesis.
The best reason to support this claim is that with green light, more phycoerythrin pigment molecules are produced and it enables more green light to be absorbed, thereby increasing the photosynthesis rate.
What is the photosynthesis rate?The photosynthesis rate is an expression that makes reference to the amount of photosynthetic products i.e. oxygen and simple carbs (glucose molecules) produced by a unit of time, which depends on the efficiency of the pigments that absorb sunlight during this process.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the photosynthesis rate in a given environmental condition is highly variable but it depended on the amount of photons absorbed from the solar radiation, which depends on the amount of sunlight and also the classes or types of pigments that are present in the photosynthetic cells either plan cell or also the algae cells.
Complete question:
Cyanobacteria contain a variety of pigment molecules, as shown in Table 1. As a result, the color of cyanobacteria cultures can vary significantly based on the relative amount of each pigment produced.
A researcher placed a culture of cyanobacteria under green lights. Within a few weeks, the appearance of the cyanobacteria changed from green to red. The researcher claimed the color change in the culture was the result of an adaptation allowing greater photosynthesis.
Which of the following provides the best reasoning to justify the researcher's claim?
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which of the cell components is least likely to affect the visible traits of an organism?
The production of proteins is the ribosome's sole purpose. Ribosomes found in cell components are least likely to influence an organism's outward characteristics. Option 1 is the right response.
The ribosome's sole function is the production of proteins. The ribosome, which is always in charge of protein synthesis, translates the genetic code encoded in mRNA into an amino acid sequence. Using cellular helper proteins, soluble transfer RNAs, and metabolic energy, ribosomes start, continue, and finish the synthesis of peptides. An intercellular structure called a ribosome, which is made up of both RNA and protein, is where a cell makes proteins. The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence is decoded into a specified sequence of amino acids by the ribosome, which also reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. The long chains of amino acids that result subsequently fold to create proteins.
Thus, we might conclude that an organism's observable features are least likely to be impacted by the ribosomes that make up its cell components. Option d is the proper response as a result.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the complete question below.
Which of the cell components is least likely to affect the visible traits of an organism?
1. Ribosomes
2. Nucleus
3. Genes
4. Chromosomes
erythromycin, the first macrolide antibiotic, was discovered in 1949 when scientists at eli lilly isolated the natural product from the culture broth of the soil-dwelling fungus saccharopolyspora erythrea. chemical modifications in its structure were needed due to being unstable under acidic conditions, giving rise to side effects such as stomach pain. select which category of antimicrobial drugs erythromycin belongs to?
Antimicrobial drugs erythromycin belongs to semisynthetic drugs. Synthetic drugs are also called 'new psychoactive substances' (NSPs).
What is semisynthetic drugs?Semi-synthetic drugs are made by converting starting materials from natural sources into final products through chemical reactions. Examples of semi-synthetic medicine are : antibiotic, penicillin and chemotherapy. These drugs work by attacking the cell growth or division.
In semi-synthetic drugs, nucleus of the drug obtained from natural source is kept intact but the chemical structure is changed. Semi-synthesis is a type of a chemical synthesis that uses the compounds isolated from natural sources as starting material like bacterial or cell cultures or plant material.
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State one similarity and one difference between parasitic and predatory modes of feeding
Answer:
One similarity between parasitic and predatory modes of feeding is that both involve the ingestion of other organisms for nutrition. In both cases, the organisms that do the feeding (the parasites or predators) obtain their food from other organisms (the host or prey), which they consume and use to nourish themselves.
One difference between parasitic and predatory modes of feeding is the relationship between the predator and its prey. In predatory feeding, the predator and its prey are typically separate and distinct organisms, and the predator actively hunts and kills its prey for food. In parasitic feeding, the parasite and its host are typically closely associated, and the parasite typically lives on or inside the host, feeding off of its nutrients or tissues. This relationship between the parasite and its host is often harmful to the host, while the relationship between the predator and its prey is typically not harmful (as long as the predator is not over-consuming its prey).
when an impulse reaches a synapse: group of answer choices two nerve fibers come in direct contact. impulses will pass in either direction. an electrical spark will jump the gap. chemical transmitters are released.
When an impulse reaches a synapse then chemical transmitters are released.
Neural signalling is a crucial type of communication occuring between brain and other organs. It involves neural cells that connect with other cells through synapse junction. The nerve impulse is the voltage change that passes through the axon and reaches the end.
Now to pass to the next neuron, impulse causes release and diffusion of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are produced in body. Common examples of neurotransmitters are GABA, acetylcholine, serotonin and many more. Actions like blinking the eye, movement of hands are the response produced by brain signalling.
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