The universe had expanded and cooled enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form neutral atoms.
The universe is all of space and time and its contents, along with planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of count number and strength. The huge Bang theory is the winning cosmological description of the improvement of the universe.
The Universe is thought to consist of three types of substance: normal remember, 'dark count number', and 'dark energy. Regular remember consists of the atoms that make up stars, planets, human beings, and every different seen object in the Universe.
The actual spatial length of the universe is unknown. but, through measuring the observable universe, the current length of the universe is approximately ninety-five billion mild-years in diameter.
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Dna molecules separate into single strands, which are then used to construct two identical strands of dna. This process ensures genetic.
The DNA molecule separates into single strands, which are then used to build two identical DNA strands. This process ensures that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells.
DNA replication is the ability of DNA to multiply to produce new DNA. DNA replication is needed during mitotic division so that each cell resulting from division contains DNA identical to its parent.
If DNA does not replicate, then cell division cannot take place because each organism must duplicate DNA before each cell does cell division.
DNA replication is semi-destructive in that both single-stranded DNA acts as a template for the formation of new DNA strands, all single-stranded DNA is retained, and new strands are made from new nucleotides.
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What does a gene chip compare?
Answer:
DNA microarrays are microscope slides that are printed with thousands of tiny spots in defined positions, with each spot containing a known DNA sequence or gene.
Explanation:
which of the following is the most common pattern of bone loss? group of answer choices a) vertical bone loss b) horizontal bone loss c) interproximal bone loss d) circumferential bone losswhich of the following is the most common pattern of bone loss? group of answer choices a) vertical bone loss b) horizontal bone loss c) interproximal bone loss d) circumferential bone loss
Answer:
Option (B)
Explanation:
HORIZONTAL BONE LOSS: Most common pattern of bone loss in periodontal disease. ‘The bone is reduced in height, but the bone margins remain approximately perpendicular to the tooth surface’. The inter dental septa and facial and lingual plates are affected but not to equal degree around the same tooth.
if mrnas could be ligated and replicated within plasmids, what enzyme commonly used in recombinant dna technology would no longer be needed?
An enzyme called reverse transcriptase is employed to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA. To create a single, intact DNA molecule, the enzyme DNA ligase binds the fragments with complementary ends.
What is recombinant DNA?
As a result, a recombinant plasmid containing the target gene is created. The process of fusing two or more DNA molecules to produce a hybrid is known as recombinant DNA. Restrictions endonucleases and ligases are two classes of enzymes that enable the technique. Restrictions enzymes, polymerases, and ligases are among the enzymes that aid in cutting, synthesis, and binding. The position at which the desired gene is inserted into the vector genome is greatly influenced by the restriction enzymes utilized in recombinant DNA technology.
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if you analyze the neutral mutations from two groups and find there are few differences in their nucleotide sequences, you would logically conclude that
diverged from a common ancestor only recently.
The most recent individual from whom all members of a group are directly descended is known as the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in genetic genealogy. An established pedigree can occasionally be used to ascertain the MRCA of a group of people.
An ancestor species radiates into a variety of successor species having both similar and dissimilar features, as seen in the case of Darwin's finches, which is a well-known and prominent example of divergent evolution.
The process of speciation results in the emergence of new species. An ancestor species that can no longer interbreed separates into two or more descendant species that are genetically distinct from one another during speciation. According to Darwin, speciation is a branching process.
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What molecule is similar to ATP structure?
RNA and DNA are similar to ATP molecules.
Both DNA and RNA are similar to ATP molecules. ATP is adenosine triphosphate. It is made up of the nitrogenous base adenine, 5-carbon sugar, and three phosphate molecules.
DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides. This nucleotide also contains three main components: the 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group.
The only difference between DNA and RNA is the presence of different 5-C sugars. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, and RNA has ribose sugar. Also, both DNA and RNA are made of only one phosphate group; that's how they differ from the energy currency, ATP.
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when surgeons harvest a vein to reattach a broken artery, do they need to be concerned about the presence of valves?
Yes. Veins have valves, but arteries do not. Any valve in the vein piece that is used needs to be positioned so that blood can flow in the artery away from the heart.
All of the body's organs have veins that carry blood back to the heart. Away from the heart, arteries transport blood that is rich in nutrients and oxygen to the rest of the body.
The big veins and arteries run parallel to one another and frequently have the same name. In addition, several unidentified small veins join to the major veins in the form of asymmetrical networks.
One-way valves are present in many veins, especially those in the arms and legs. Two flaps (cusps or leaflets) with intersecting edges make up each valve. The flaps are pushed open like a pair of one-way swinging doors by blood flowing toward the heart. The flaps are pushed shut if blood starts to back up in a vein or if gravity or muscle contractions try to pull the blood backward.
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primary producers are present in every biome, including the deep sea. how can primary producers exist in the deep sea when sunlight does not penetrate to these depths?
Primary producers existing in the deep sea when sunlight is not penetrating as they use strength from chemical reactions to force the discount of CO2 to natural compounds.
The deep ocean, many masses of meters farfar from the sun's rays, some other procedure is taking place: chemosynthesis. Tiny microbes use chemical strength in preference to mild to mix water and carbon dioxide to make sugar.
Obviously, organisms who stay on the deep sea vents cannot rely upon the Sun; instead, a lot of them rely upon the chemical compounds that pop out of the vents—the procedure they use to create meals is known as chemosynthesis in preference to photosynthesis.
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Match each word or phrase to identify whether or not each word or phrase represents a
reason for the change in chimpanzee hands.
Crossbreeding between gorillas and
chimpanzees
Mutations in chimpanzee DNA
Differences in the ways chimpanzees
use their hands
Sexual reproduction
[Choose ]
[Choose ]
[Choose]
[Choose ]
A reason for a change in the chimpanzee's hands include the following: Mutations in chimpanzee DNA and Crossbreeding between gorillas and chimpanzees; while the phrase that doesn't show a reason is Sexual reproduction and Differences in the ways chimpanzees
use their hands.
What is mutation?Mutation is defined as the alteration in the genetic makeup of a living organism which may occur due to the following:
When there is spontaneous break down of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).Change in a single nucleotide of the DNA.when there is additions or deletions of nucleotide in a DNA strand.A change can be noticed in an animal such as Chimpanzee when the following occurs:
Mutations in chimpanzee DNA: This can alter both that anatomy and the physiological features of the organism involved.Crossbreeding between gorillas and chimpanzees: When there is cross breeding between a chimpanzee and a gorilla, it will lead to a genetic diversity which can be observed as a change in the hands of the chimpanzee.Learn more about mutation here:
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What is the source of energy for deep sea organisms?
A female fish is homozygous dominant for both fancy fins (f) and shiny scales (s). She is crossed with a male who is heterozygous for both traits. What are the genotypes of these fish? (female; male).
These fish's genotypes are female - FFSS ; male - FfSs
How many genotypes are there?The four genotypes are denoted by the abbreviations XXF , XYF, XXM , and XYM since we define sex according to the kind of gonads.
How are the genotypes located?In a single experiment, the genotypes of millions of sites in a genome can be determined using DNA sequencing as well as other techniques.Some genetics influence an individual's phenotype, or observable traits.
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put the components of the brainstem in order from the most rostral at the top to the most caudal.
One part of the central nervous system is the brain.
What part of the brainstem is most caudal?The brainstem's narrowest and most caudal region is known as the medulla oblongata or medulla.One part of the central nervous system is the brain. The cranium shields the brain, which lies inside the head. The cerebrum, which makes decisions based on information received and transmits commands to the body, is the largest portion of the brain.Movement coordination is carried out by the cerebellum, which is situated behind the cerebrum. The spinal cord, which is positioned in the vertebral canal and is the other component of the central nervous system, is connected to the brain by the brainstem.Put the components of the brainstem in order from the most rostral to the most caudal. Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongataTo learn more about the components of the brainstem refer to:
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Is peptide another word for amino acid?
you walk outside on a crisp fall day in philadelphia. what cells in the eye allow you to take in all the colors of the trees?
That is a true statement. The receptors of our olfactory system are free nerve endings that are located in the Philadelphia nasal cavity and are open to the surroundings.
Cones help the eye recognize all the shades of the trees because they are highly active in brilliant light, which is present on a crisp fall day. Cones provide for photopic vision.
In contrast, because they are more active in low light, rodes have scotopic vision.
Since rods impair color vision, the nighttime environment appears to us in grayscale. The rod cells that make up the human eye number over 100 million.
Cones use much more light because they are used to see color. Cones are available in three distinct hues: blue, green, and red.
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the cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in an enlarged area of the dorsal root called the gray commissure.a. trueb. false
The statement that the cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in an enlarged area of the dorsal root called the gray commissure is false because the cell body is called a DORSAL ROOT GANGLION.
From the peripheral nervous system, dorsal nerve roots provide sensory neural signals to the central nervous system. Anatomically, the dorsal root of the spinal nerves gives rise to a dorsal root ganglion. They transport sensory information from numerous peripheral receptors in order for the central nervous system to respond. The function of DRG in chronic pain is well known. Anesthesia infiltration of the DRG was first described in 1949. The dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), a nearby related neural target, dorsal rhizotomy or gangliectomy, conventional radiofrequency denervation, pulsed radiofrequency, and steroid injection have all been used to target the DRG.
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Explain the interrelationships between the Nervous system and the Respiratory system of human.
How does these system work together?
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
The nervous system and the respiratory system are closely interconnected and work together to regulate breathing and ensure that the body receives an adequate supply of oxygen. The respiratory system is responsible for inhaling oxygen from the air and exhaling carbon dioxide, while the nervous system helps to control and coordinate this process.
When the body senses a need for more oxygen, such as during exercise or other strenuous activity, the nervous system sends signals to the muscles that control breathing to increase the rate and depth of breathing. This allows more oxygen to be inhaled and delivered to the body's cells. At the same time, the nervous system also sends signals to the blood vessels to dilate, which allows more oxygen-rich blood to be delivered to the body's tissues.
Conversely, when the body has an excess of carbon dioxide, the nervous system sends signals to the respiratory system to slow down and decrease the rate of breathing. This allows the body to exhale more carbon dioxide and maintain a healthy balance of gases in the blood.
Overall, the interrelationship between the nervous system and the respiratory system is essential for maintaining proper breathing and ensuring that the body receives an adequate supply of oxygen. These two systems work together to regulate breathing and help the body function properly.
rna polymerase moves in which direction along the dna?rna polymerase moves in which direction along the dna?5' to 3' along the template strand
The DNA is moved by the RNA polymerase in the 5' to 3' direction. The RNA molecule initially develops its 3' end. At a "start codon," transcription always begins.
A promoter sequence must first be bound by the RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase produces a corresponding RNA transcript to the DNA template strand in the 5' to 3' orientation. The DNA double helix is opened as it advances down the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction. These neighboring genes' transcription factor jigsaw puzzles are mirror images of one another. Additionally, the RNA polymerase is instructed by the direction they point in which direction to begin reading.
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in the old days, milkmaids were exposed to cowpox from milking the cows, and this fortuitously gave them some protection from smallpox. what was happening in the milkmaids? a) they were receiving a dose of generic igg from the sick cows. b) they were effectively receiving a vaccination from a related virus. c) they were heightening their overall immune response due to exposure to the cowpox and other cow parasites. d) they had a stronger immune response from drinking the milk, which sent cow b cells circulating through their blood.
When examining the iconography of the painting, it appears that Vermeer was honoring the ideals of moderation, cleanliness, and diligence.
What jobs did milkmaids have?At the time the painting was made, the woman would have been referred to as a "kitchen maid" or maid-of-all-work rather than a specialized "milkmaid": "milk maids" were women who milked cows; kitchen maids worked in kitchens.
How did cowpox infect milkmaids?Milkmaids and dairy farmers frequently came into contact with cows, some of which occasionally acquired pustules on their udders, signs of the zoonotic disease known as cowpox. Cowpox typically only caused modest symptoms in people, such as pustules on the hands and arms.
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in the spinothalamic tract, the which order neurons decussate from the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
The second order neurons in the spinothalamic tract decussate from the posterior horn of the spinal cord.
In the spinothalamic tract, the second order neurons decussate from the posterior horn of the spinal cord. This occurs at the level of the spinal cord where the second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract cross from the contralateral side to the ipsilateral side of the cord. This decussation occurs in the anterior white commissure, which is a bundle of nerve fibers located in the anterior portion of the spinal cord. The axons of the second order neurons travel up the contralateral side of the spinal cord, forming the spinothalamic tract. This tract carries information from the body to the thalamus, where the information is further processed and sent to the cortex.
A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits information throughout the body. Neurons are found in the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system. They are responsible for processing and transmitting signals between the body and the brain. Neurons are made up of dendrites, a cell body, and axons. Dendrites are branches of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons. The cell body contains the nucleus and is the control center of the neuron. Axons are the output of the neuron, sending signals to other neurons. Neurons communicate with each other through chemical and electrical signals. These signals are passed from one neuron to another through synapses.
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tiny, one-celled organisms that are neither plants nor animals. they are involved in infectious disease and decay. they live nearly everywhere on planet earth, including in the human body.
Option a, "bacteria," is the correct selection. One-celled, microscopic organisms known as bacteria are neither plants nor animals. They play a role in the degradation and infectious disease.
Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic unicellular life because they lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal components. Some species can endure conditions with extreme temperatures and pressure. It's believed that there are more bacteria in the human body than there are in human cells. Its gel-like matrix, which also contains other cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, and plasmids, is made up of water, enzymes, nutrients, waste products, and gases. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm and all of its constituent parts. Eukaryotic (true) cells that resemble membranes contain bacteria without nuclei.
Thus, we might conclude that tiny bacteria single-celled organisms are neither plants nor animals. They contribute to decay and infectious illness.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the complete question below.
Tiny, one-celled organisms that are neither plants nor animals. they are involved in infectious diseases and decay. they live nearly everywhere on planet earth, including in the human body.
a. bacteria
b. DNA
c. genome
d. immunity
parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by
Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium and endocrine reflex such as hormonal stimulation.
The basic mechanism controlling parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is a feedback loop between your blood calcium levels and your parathyroid glands. In other words, low calcium levels in the blood encourage the release of parathyroid hormone, whereas high calcium levels in the blood restrict the release of parathyroid hormone by your glands.
Humoral stimuli are the kind of stimuli that regulate parathyroid release. A hormone is released in reaction to a shift in the body's extracellular fluids, and this is known as a humoral stimulus. Low calcium levels in the parathyroid gland's case cause it to function.
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When mt. st. helen erupted in 1980, all living organisms within the immediate blast zone were killed by the explosion and debris. what type of succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance?
The type of succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance is primary succession.
Fifty seven humans misplaced their lives and loads of homes, homes and systems had been destroyed. After the eruption, the summit of Mount St. Helens turned into gone, forests had been obliterated and rivers observed new courses. More than a hundred and fifty new lakes and ponds had been formed, and current lakes full of sediment, flooding their banks. A huge debris avalanche, an explosive, laterally direction "blast", lahars, and a Plinian eruption column. This powerful eruption had a profound impact on the Pacific Northwest – and on volcano studies as well.
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Beginning with carbon fixation, arrange the steps of the Calvin cycle in the correct order
Answer:no ie
Explanation:
because
Examine the cross-sectional diagram of a cell.
What evidence indicates this cell is prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, have a free-floating chromosome that is circular and is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
Instead, DNA simply exists in a region of the cell called the nucleoid.
Prokaryotic cells only have small range of organelles, generally only plasma membrane and ribosomes.
Most prokaryotic cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds plasma membrane and gives shape to the organism.
In eukaryotes, vertebrates don't have cell wall but plants do
Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.
Ribosomes occur both as free particles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and as particles attached to membranes of endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells
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anthro which of the following likely explains the lack of neandertal bones and remains after 30,000 years ago? group of answer choices a measurable degree of genetic assimilation into modern human populations. rapid extinction due to climate change. migration into parts of asia where they were not well adapted, and thus, died out. isolation into small groups that eventually disappeared one by one.
According to one theory, habitat deterioration and fragmentation took place in the Neanderthal homeland long before modern people showed up, and as a result, Neanderthal populations were decimated and eventually exterminated.
What part of the world have Neandertal remains been found in?All evidence of Neanderthals disappeared about 40,000 years ago. Western Europe and the Near East, which was likely the last known location for this early human species, are the regions where the most recent Neanderthal fossils have been discovered.
How many years did Neanderthals live?Few adults over the age of 40 are found in Neanderthal paleodemographic mortality distributions by age, but the quasi-biological continuum of mammals suggests much higher potential longevity.
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Four identical lab carts each have a mass of 200 kg. Different masses are added to the carts and the velocities are measured. All carts move to the right.
An illustration with four carts labeled Cart A, Cart B, Cart C, and Cart D. Cart B has a 20 kilogram mass in it, Cart C has a 40 kilogram mass in it, and Cart D has a 60 kilogram mass in it. There are labels under each cart. Under Cart A is v = 4.8 meters per second, under cart B is v = 4.0meters per second, under cart C is v = 3.8 meters per second, and under cart D is v = 3.5 meters per second.
Which cart has the greatest momentum?
cart A
cart B
cart C
cart D
Mark this and return
cart a.............................
a ribosome is made of a. rrna and proteins. b. trna, rrna, and mrna. c. trna and rrna. d. trna, rrna, and proteins. e. rrna and mrna.
Option A, Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, each of which has several proteins and rRNA in it.
A ribosome is an intercellular structure comprised of both RNA and protein where a cell makes proteins. The mRNA sequence is decoded by the ribosome, which translates the genetic code into a particular string of amino acids that form extended chains and fold to form proteins. The two primary components of ribosomes are the small and large ribosomal subunits. Numerous ribosomal proteins and one or more ribosomal RNA make up each subunit (RPs or r-proteins). Ribosomes and associated elements are also referred to as translational machinery.
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Ponies which are mostly found in europe have an average height of 86-97 cm. If the ponies breed among themselves, is it possible that the offspring will have the normal height of a horse which is about 160 cm?.
Ponies may have the normal height of a horse, which is about 160 cm which can be caused by mutations resulting from natural selection.
Natural selection, forces living things to always adapt to changes in nature. Organisms that cannot adapt to natural changes will become extinct, while those that can adapt will survive and reproduce.
When a pony's height of 86-97 can no longer hold up, then it may mutate to survive. A mutation is a change in a gene from its original form. Individuals who have mutations are called mutants. Changes in the gene will cause changes in the protein synthesized. Given that enzymes are composed of protein, changes in genes can cause changes in metabolic processes. Changes in genes can cause changes in genotype traits. The combination of changes in genes, proteins, enzymes, and metabolism, allows for the emergence of phenotypic traits.
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passage 1 is adapted from ancient dna tells story of giant eagle evolution, © 2005 by public library of science. passage 2 is adapted from tim heupink, et al. dodos and spotted green pigeons are descendants of an island hopping bird, © 2014 by biomed central.
The idea that the spotted green pigeon is descended from an island-hopping bird is presented in passage 2 of the essay, and throughout the piece.
How did species like the moa and giant eagle go extinct?There is no question that these early settlers may have attempted to kill the eagle at every opportunity. Moa, which probably made up a large portion of the eagle's food, likely became extinct as a result of Mori hunting. The population of Haast's eagles rapidly decreased and eventually went extinct.
Which was the largest eagle to become extinct?The largest extant eagle is 30–40% lighter than the extinct Haast's eagle (Harpagornis moorei). With a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 meters and a weight of 10 to 14 kilos, it must have been a terrifying sight for the first humans to arrive in New Zealand, almost 700 years ago.
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giraffes have a haploid chromosome number of 15. how many chromatids should be present in a diploid, somatic, giraffe cell at the end of prophase?
The giraffes have a haploid chromosome number of 15.
Chromosomes are duplicating and germ cells are expanding. It should be emphasized that germ cells are diploid at birth, with 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of homologues. The germ cells have 46 chromosomes (92 chromatids) following chromosomal replication.
What occurs at the prophase's conclusion?
The commencement of a group of fibers organizing to form a spindle and the dissolution of the nuclear membrane signal the end of prophase, respectively.
How does prophase affect an animal cell?
Chromatin gathers into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope, which is the membrane that encloses the nucleus, disintegrates during prophase. The centrioles in animal cells start to divide and travel to the opposing poles of the cell as they are close to the nucleus.
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