Student 1 is correct. He discovered the mistake as;
If the spot was placed below the solvent level, this would cause the sample to be dissolved into the solvent pool before traveling up the plate.
TLC should be positioned so that just the lowest edge of the plate touches the solvent.
Differential affinities (strength of adhesion) of the analyte components towards the stationary and mobile phases result in differential separation of the components. Affinity, in turn, is determined by two molecular properties: adsorption and solubility.
Adsorption is the property of how well a component of a mixture clings to the stationary phase, whereas solubility is the quality of how well a component of a mixture dissolves in the mobile phase.
The greater the adsorption to the stationary phase, the slower the molecule will move across the column.
The more the molecule adsorbs to the stationary phase, the slower it moves across the column.
The greater the molecule's solubility in the mobile phase, the faster it will travel across the column.
Thus, Student 1 is correct. He detected the error by placing the area below the solvent level, which caused the sample to disintegrate into the solvent pool before migrating up the plate.
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Rank the following compounds from largest to smallest according to their expected magnitude in lattice energy.a. Cslb. KIc. MgS d. KBre. BeO
The following compounds from largest to smallest according to their expected magnitude in lattice energy : BeO , MgS, KBr, KI, CsI.
The lattice energy can be defined as the amount of the energy that is required to change the one mole of an ionic solid in to the gaseous ions. the lattice energy is used to measure the amount of the strength of the ionic bonds in the ionic compounds.
As we move from the left to the right in the periodic table in the period the lattice energy will be increases. in the given compounds the the largest to smallest according to their expected magnitude in lattice energy is given as : BeO , MgS, KBr, KI, CsI.
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Classify the following phase changes as endothermic or exothermic.1) liquid to solid2) solid to liquid3) gas to liquid4) solid to gas5) liquid to gas6) gas to solid
Exothermic and endothermic process are involved in changing of the state which is given below.
Conversion of a liquid into a solid is an exothermic process because all the particles come closer to each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance decreases.Conversion of a solid into a liquid is an endothermic process because all the particles go far apart from each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance increases, which requires the absorption of heat.Conversion of a gas into a liquid is an exothermic process because all the particles come closer to each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance decreases.Conversion of a solid into a gas is an endothermic process because all the particles go far apart from each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance increases.The conversion of a liquid into a gas is an endothermic process because all the particles go far apart from each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance increases.Conversion of a gas into a solid is an exothermic process because all the particles come closer to each other, and also the thermal energy of the substance decreases.Learn more about endothermic or exothermic reactions from the link given below.
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draw the major product formed when the given epoxide reacts with aqueous acid. an epoxide where carbon 1 has an ethyl and hydrogen substituent and carbon 2 has two methyl groups. this reacts with h 3 o plus and water.
An epoxide is a heterocyclic organic compound with an oxygen ring. The acid protonates the oxygen, which opens the ring and starts the process.
What exactly is carbocation?
A carbocation is a molecule with three bonds and a positively charged carbon atom. To put it simply, they are essentially carbon cations. It was previously known as carbonium ion. A carbocation is any even-electron cation having a significant positive charge on the carbon atom.
Because of an incomplete octet, carbon cations are particularly reactive and unstable in general.
To put it simply, carbocations do not meet the octet rule because they lack eight electrons.
According to the question, carbon hybridization in carbocation will be sp2 with a trigonal planar structure. There is also an empty p orbital, suggesting that it is electron-deficient. Carbon contains six electrons in its valence shell. As a result, it is an electron-deficient species, also known as an electrophile.
An epoxide is a heterocyclic organic compound with an oxygen ring. The acid protonates the oxygen, which opens the ring and starts the process. A carbocation is now generated, which is quickly attacked by a water molecule.
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An epoxide is a heterocyclic organic compound with an oxygen ring. The acid protonates the oxygen, which opens the ring and starts the process.
What exactly is carbocation?
A carbocation is a molecule with three bonds and a positively charged carbon atom. To put it simply, they are essentially carbon cations. It was previously known as carbonium ion. A carbocation is any even-electron cation having a significant positive charge on the carbon atom.
An epoxide is a heterocyclic organic compound with an oxygen ring? The acid protonates the oxygen, which opens the ring and starts the process. A carbocation is now generated, which is quickly attacked by a water molecule.
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Why does the atomic radius increase across a group?
Higher principal energy levels consist of orbitals which are larger in size than the orbitals from lower energy levels. The effect of the greater number of principal energy levels outweighs the increase in nuclear charge, and so atomic radius increases down a group.
Atomic radius is defined as the distance from the centre of the nucleus of the atom to its outermost shell.
Atomic radii of elements gradually increases in a group from top to bottom. As we go down a group, the atomic number increases, thus, the number of shells increases. Also, as we move down the group, the valence electrons are present in a higher shell and thus, the distance of valence electrons from the nucleus increases. As a result of this, the force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron decreases. Therefore, the atomic radius increases on moving down a group.
As we move across a period from left to right, the atomic radii decreases gradually. In a period, there is gradual increases in the nuclear charge from left to right. As the atomic number increases in a period, the electron enters in the same shell. Thus, they are more and more strongly attracted towards the nucleus. As a result of this force of attraction from the nucleus, the atomic radii gradually decreases.
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consider the chemical equations shown here. two equations. first: upper c upper h subscript 4 (g) plus 2 upper o subscript 2 (g) right arrow upper c upper o subscript 2 (g) plus 2 upper h subscript 2 upper o (g). second: 2 upper h subscript 2 upper o (g) right arrow 2 upper h subscript 2 upper o (l). what is the equation for the overall reaction obtained by adding these equations?
CO should be eliminated since it occurs as a product in one intermediate process and a reactant in another.
Calculation:The final chemical reaction:
C(s) + 1O₂ → CO₂ (g)
step 1:
C(s) + 1/2 O₂(g) → CO(g)
step2:
CO(g) 1/2 O₂(g) → CO₂(g)
The final equation is obtained by combining equations [1] and [2]:C(s) + 1/2O₂(g) +1/2O₂(g) +CO(g) → CO(g) + CO₂(g)
CO (g) on both sides will cancel, resulting in the following final equation:C(s) + 1O₂ → CO₂(g)
In the final chemical reaction, CO is written as both a reactant and a product as follows:C(s) + 1O₂(g) +CO(g) → CO₂(g) + CO(g)
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Answer:
✔ –802 kJ – 88 kJ
Explanation:
edge 2023
What naturally produces formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde is present naturally in wooden goods including plywood and table boards.
The first member of the aldehyde family of alkanes is formaldehyde.
It has two bonds, one single bond with each of the two hydrogen atoms and one double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms.
A naturally occurring chemical called formaldehyde is present in everyday household items made of wood like plywood and table boards.
In addition to this, formaldehyde is also present in paints, cosmetics, and some synthetic textiles.
Another essential component in the creation of many polyesters is formaldehyde.
Therefore, it is also present in items made of polyester.
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all of the following may change during a chemical reaction except a) the total number of atoms in the system. b) the temperature of the system. c) the color of the system. d) the total number of molecules in the system. e) the physical state of the system.
All the following may change during a chemical reaction except (a) the total number of atoms in the system.
Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass which states that mass is neither destroyed nor created during a chemical reaction. This means that the total number of atoms during the reaction remains constant.
In physics and chemistry, the Law of Conservation of Mass, or the Principle of Conservation of Mass, states that in a system that is closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time. increase. The system cannot be changed. In other words, you cannot add or remove quantities. Mass is therefore conserved over time. [1]
This law implies that mass can be rearranged in space and change the shape of the entity associated with it, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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how many moles of carbon dioxide are produced from the combustion of 6.12 moles of ethane gas with 2.69 moles of oxygen gas?
We can determine the moles of carbon dioxide produced from the combustion by 5.3 moles of ethane using the Unitary Method. Therefore, 10.6 moles of carbon dioxide would be produced.
Define combustion.
Combustion, or combustion, is an exothermic, high-temperature redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant (usually atmospheric oxygen) that produces oxidized, often gaseous products in a mixture called smoke. generate.
Therefore, We can determine the moles of carbon dioxide produced from the combustion by 5.3 moles of ethane using the Unitary Method. Therefore, 10.6 moles of carbon dioxide would be produced.
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the rate of effusion of h2 as compared to an unknown gas is 4.673 times faster. calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas. the rate of effusion of h2 as compared to an unknown gas is 9 times faster. calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas. he diffuses 4 times faster than an unknown gas. what is the molar mass of the unknown gas? a carbon dioxide molecule travels at 45.0 m/s at a certain temperature. at the same temperature, find the velocity of an oxygen molecule. what is the molar mass of a gas that diffuses 2.16 times faster than xenon? what diatomic element is it?
Answer:
How do you calculate the rate of effusion of h2?
From Graham's law, we can use the molar mass of each gas: rate of effusion of hydrogenrate of effusion of oxygen=√32g mol−1 √2g mol−1 =√16√1=41 rate of effusion of hydrogen rate of effusion of oxygen = 32 g mol − 1 2 g mol − 1 = 16 1 = 4 1 Hydrogen effuses four times as rapidly as oxygen.
Explanation:
A student found a sample of an unknown liquid in the lab station cabinet. After experimentation, he found
that the substance had a density of 1.65 g/mL. Will this substance float on water or not? EXPLAIN.
Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. Therefore, Therefore, substance will sink in the water.
What is density?Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water.
Mathematically,
Density = Mass of the substance ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder
density of water =1 g/ml
Density of substance= 1.65 g/mL
Density of substance is more than density of water. So, substance will sink in the water.
Therefore, substance will sink in the water.
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Arrange the following substances in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy. Rank the compounds in order of decreasing magnitude of lattice energy.a. MgOb. CaOc. NaFd. KCl
The lattice energy of the compounds is distributed in the following decreasing order of magnitude: MgO > CaO > NaF > KCl.
KCl or NaF, which has a higher lattice energy?The lattice energy increases with increasing charge and decreasing ion size.(Refer to Coulomb's Law.)MgF2 > MgO.Following that, we can examine NaF and KCl (both of which have 1+ and 1-charges), as well as atomic radii.NaF will have a larger LE than KCl since Na is smaller then K and F was smaller than Cl.
MgO or CaO, which has a larger lattice energy?MGO is more difficult than CaO, hence.This is because "Mg" (two-plus) ions are smaller than "Ca" (two-plus) ions in size.MgO has higher lattice energy as a result.
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which of these is not a typical property of metallic solids? a. electrical conduction b. low melting point c. ductility d. maleability e. high thermal (heat) conductivity
The correct answer is Option b
b. low melting point
What is Melting point?
The typical definition of the melting point is the temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid to a liquid.
The melting point of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid transforms from a solid to a liquid under atmospheric pressure. This is the location where the liquid and solid phases are equally present. The substance's melting point changes with pressure as well and is reported at standard pressure.
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid is referred to as the "freezing point," which is the opposite of the phrase "melting point." However, it is possible to chill substances below their freezing temperatures without a solid developing. These fluids are referred to as supercooled liquids.
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How long is 2 half-lives of the element uranium?
The element uranium half-lives is 4.5 billion years and its 2 half-lives is 1.125 billion years.
The chemical element uranium, which has the atomic number 92, is a silvery-white metallic one. The chemical designation for it is U. Six of the 92 electrons in a uranium atom are valence electrons. It possesses 92 protons overall. All naturally occurring elements have atomic weights, with uranium having the highest.
Uranium can be recovered for use in industry from uranium-bearing minerals like uraninite, which are found naturally in low concentrations in soil, rock, and water. Open pits and underground excavations both have the potential to produce uranium ore. To extract the precious uranium from the ore, the ore can next be crushed and processed in a mill. Another option for getting uranium to the surface is by in-situ leaching, which involves dissolving it right in the ore deposits below.
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What do you think are the conditions needed to cause a molecule to be polar? How about nonpolar?
Answer: Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.
Explanation:
glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting __________.
Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting generally less than 3 minutes.
In chemistry, energy is the capacity to carry out work. It can take on a variety of shapes, including potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, radioactive, etc. Heat and work are two additional instances of how energy can be transferred from one body to another. After being transported according to its type, energy is always distributed. Thus, while work may produce mechanical energy, heat transfer may produce thermal energy. All forms of energy share the characteristic of motion. Kinetic energy, for instance, is present when a body is in motion. A tensioned object, like a spring or bow, can move even when at rest because of the object's design, which incorporates potential energy.
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A 3. 92-g sample of magnesium nitrate, mg(no3)2, contains ________ mol of this compound.
A sample of magnesium nitrate contains 0.026 mole of the compound which is calculated from the expression of Moles of the compound.
magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2 containing volume of 3.92g.
Moles = grams of sample * 1 mole of compound / molar mass
The molar mass of a compound tells you the mass of 1 mole of that substance. In other words, it tells you the number of grams per mole of a compound.
Molar mass of magnesium nitrate is 148.3 g/ mole.
Moles of Mg (NO3)2 = 3.92 g * 1 mole of Mg 9NO3)2 / 148.3 g /mole
= 3.92 / 148.3 mole
= 0.026 mole
so the mole of the compound Mg(NO3)2 is 0.026 mole .
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What type of reaction is a precipitation reaction?
a. synthesis reaction
b. decomposition reaction
c. single displacement reaction
d. double displacement reaction
A double displacement reaction is a precipitation reaction. In an aqueous solution, a double-displacement reaction takes place when the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange positions to create two completely different compounds. These substances may manifest as precipitates, gases, or molecular substances.
When dissolved substances react, one (or more) solid products are produced, which is known as a precipitation reaction. These kinds of reactions, which are also occasionally known as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions, frequently involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solutions.
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Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. But it has a major effect on the solubility of gases.
Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids but has a major effect on the solubility of gases is a correct statement.
The definition of pressure is force/area. For instance, the weight of the snow divided by the area of the roof would be used to represent the pressure from snow on a roof. In chemistry, gases are a common source of pressure. The lack of pressure is referred to as a "vacuum." Since "nature abhors a vacuum," humans have long believed that vacuums are both impossibly rare and unnatural. This isn't actually the case. The quantity of pressure units is absurd. The torr or mmHg is a frequently used unit. All that is being discussed here is a mercury column's height. There are 760 torr, or mmHg, in the atmosphere. You could also take a look at mmH2O, which employs a related concept.
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(b) a 2.251 g sample of barf dissolved in a 347 ml of solution produces a 0.01267 m solution. what is the molecular formula of barf?
The molecular mass of barf is 177.67 grams, and the formula is BaRf.
The molar mass of a chemical compound is described as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by using the amount of substance that is the wide variety of moles in that pattern, measured in moles. The molar mass is a bulk, no longer molecular, an asset of a substance.
Calculation:-
mass of BaRf = 2.251 g
volume = 347 ml
molarity = 0.01267
molarity = mole/ volume
mole = molarity * volume
= 0.01267 * 0.347
= 0.044
mol = mass/molar mass
molar mass = mass/mole
= 2.251 / 0.01267
= 177.67 gram.
The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of the substance. As shown in this video, we are able to attain a substance's molar mass by summing the molar hundreds of its thing atoms. we will then use the calculated molar mass to convert among mass and variety of moles of the substance.
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What type of reaction is Ch₄ 2 o₂ → Co₂ 2 H₂o?
It is a combustion process where the reaction CH₄ + O₂→ CO₂ + H₂O occurs.
The balanced chemical equation for the interaction between methane and oxygen gas, which results in the production of carbon dioxide and water, is,
CH₄ + O₂→ CO₂ + H₂O
As you can see from the process above, methane is being burned since oxygen is present. Along with water, methane also produces carbon dioxide.
We may infer from this that the reaction described above is a combustion reaction. It should be noted that the formation of new products as a result of the combination of two distinct reactants indicates that this reaction is likewise a type of combination reaction.
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What bonding is in chlorine?
The bonds formed between Chlorine atoms of molecule will be covalent Bond.
Covalent bond is present in molecule of chlorine gas to join two atoms of chlorine.
Covalent bond refers to the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
These electrons simultaneously attract the atomic nuclei of the two atoms participating in the covalent bond.
A covalent bond is formed only when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small so that an electron transfer to form ions will not occur.
Number of bonds for a neutral atom = (Number of electrons in the complete valence shell i.e. 2 or 8 electrons) - (Number of valence electrons of the atom)
Number of bonds for chlorine = (Number of electrons in the complete valence shell i.e. 2 or 8 electrons) - (Number of valence electrons of the carbon)
which means,
Number of bonds for chlorine atom = 8 - 7
Number of bonds for chlorine atom = 1
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The payload of a rocket includes fuel and oxygen for combustion of the fuel. Reactions 1 and 2 describe the combustion of dimethylhydrazine and hydrogen, respectively.
Calculate the energy change for the below reaction in kJ per pound.
(CH3)2NNH2(l)+4H2O(g)=N2(g)+4H2O(g)+2CO2(g)
ΔHrxn = -1694 KJ
Calculate the energy change for the below reaction in kJ per pound.
H2(g)+1/2O2(g) = H2O(g)
ΔHrxn=−286kJ
-12833.33 kJ/lb is the energy change for the first reaction in kJ per pound. -65000 kJ/1b is the energy change for the second reaction in kJ per pound.
Energy change in chemistry refers to the variation in a system's overall energy between two states or circumstances. It is a crucial idea in comprehending how matter behaves and how chemicals react.
Dimethyl hydrazine gives 1694 kJ of energy per mole of compound
molar mass = 60.01g/mol
mass of Dimethyl hydrazine, m = 1 mol x60.01g/mol
= 60.01gx{1lb/453.59 g}
= 0.1321b
calculate the energy change for 1st reaction in kJ/lb as follows:
=ΔΗrxn/m
=-1694 kJ/0.132lb
=-12833.33 kJ/lb
molar mass of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] = 2 gm/mol
mass of [tex]\rm H_2[/tex] = 1molx 2 gm/mol
= {2 gm x 1lb/453.59 g}
= 0.00441b
calculate the energy change for 2nd reaction in kJ/lb as follows:
=ΔΗ/m
=-286 kJ/0.0044lb
=-65000 kJ/1b
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The difference in the amounts of chemical energy that are stored in the products and reactants accounts for the energy change in a chemical reaction. The energy change for the first reaction is -12833.33 kJ/lb and that of the second is -65000 kJ/lb.
Usually, energy shifts are connected with phase transitions. For instance, carbon dioxide molecules take in energy when solid dry ice vaporizes (physical change). Energy is released when liquid water freezes.
Dimethyl hydrazine gives 1694 kJ of energy per mole of compound
Molar mass = 60.01g/mol
Mass of Dimethyl hydrazine, m = 1 mol x60.01g/mol
m = 60.01gx[1lb/453.59 g]
m = 0.132lb
The energy change for 1st reaction in kJ/lb as follows:
Energy change = ΔΗrxn/m
E = -1694 kJ/0.132lb
E = -12833.33 kJ/lb
Molar mass of H₂ = 2 gm/mol
Mass of H₂ = 1molx 2 gm/mol
m = [2 gm x 1lb/453.59 g]
m = 0.0044lb
The energy change for 2nd reaction in kJ/lb as follows:
Energy change = ΔΗ/m
E = -286 kJ/0.0044lb
E = -65000 kJ/lb
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A student walks to school in the morning when the outside temperature is 60°F. When the same student walks home after school, the outside temperature has dropped to 35°F. In this situation, how is thermal homeostasis maintained?
Answer:
Explanation:
When the same student walks home after school, the outside temperature has dropped to 35 degrees. In this situation, how is thermal homeostasis maintained? answer choices The student's heart rate drops as a negative feedback mechanism to deliver less oxygen to the lungs
Answer:
The student's heart rate drops as a negative feedback mechanism to deliver less oxygen to the lungs
Explanation:
The temperature has declined by 25 degrees Farenheit from 60 to 35.
Terminal Velocity is the _
Speed that a _ object reaches when the force due to gravity
_the force of air resistance.
PLS HELP AS SOON AS POSSIBLE PLEASE!
Answer:
The faster the object falls the greater the air resistance. Terminal velocity is reached when the force due to air resistance (upward) equals the force due to gravity (downward). At terminal velocity there is no net force and therefore no further acceleration.
How many moles are at STP?
No. of moles at STP = Volume at STP (litres) / Molar volume at STP (litres)
The temperature of 273 K and pressure of 1 atmosphere are known as standard temperature and pressure. At STP, one mole of any gas will have a volume of 22.4 L. This volume is known as molar volume of a gas at STP. The formula to find out the number of moles at STP is
No. of moles at STP = Volume at STP (litres) / Molar volume at STP (litres)
Example: How many moles are in 224mL of CO2 at STP?
Standard volume=22.4 L
It means that 1 mole of any atom, molecule or ion occupies 22.4 L of volume at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)
1 mole of CO2 = 22.4 L
Given volume = 224 mL = .224 L ( 1 L = 1000 mL)
No. of moles in .224 L = Given volume/Standard volume
= .224/22.4 = 0.01 mole
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you have a buffer solution that contains 0.150 m hclo and 0.250 m naclo. ka for hclo is 3.0 x 10-8. what is the ph of the solution?
The pH of the buffer solution is 7.743.
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation?
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation establishes a relationship between the pKa and pH of acids. When the concentration of the acid and its conjugate base and the associated conjugate acid, are known, the pH of a buffer solution can be determined with the use of this equation.
We use Henderson-hasselbalch equation,
pH = pKa + log [Base] / [Acid]
pKa = -log Ka = -log (3.0 x 10^-8) = 7.46
pH = 7.52 + log [0.250] / [0.150]
pH = 7.52+ 0.2227
pH = 7.743
Therefore, the ph of the solution is 7.743.
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what volume of methane () is required to react with 155 liters of carbon tetrachloride according to the following reaction? (all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.)
The volume of methane (CH4) is required is 131 L.
What is methane?
Having only one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, methane is the most basic hydrocarbon. Effective greenhouse gas is methane. Here, four illustrations of methane used by chemists are displayed. Carbon appears light grey and hydrogen white in the coloured models. Worldwide, methane is used as fuel despite being flammable.
What is reaction?
One or more chemicals, sometimes referred to as reactants, are transformed into one or more distinct compounds, known as products, during a chemical reaction. Chemical elements and compounds are both substances.
CH4(g) + CCl4(g) 1 2CH2Cl2(g)
At same temperature and pressure, the moles of gases are proportional to their volumes.
Thus, at same temperature and pressure, 1 L of CCl4 react with 1 L of CH4
131 L of CCl4 react with 131 L of CH4.
the volume of methane (CH4) is required = 131 L
Therefore, the volume of methane (CH4) is required is 131 L.
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When a nucleus of ^235 U undergoes fission, it breaks into two smaller, more tightly bound fragments.
1) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for ^235U? (Express with appropriate units)
2) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for the fission product ^137 Cs?
The binding energy per nucleon is typically in the range of 8 to 10 MeV/nucleon for medium-weight nuclei such as ^235U. the binding energy per nucleon for the fission product ^137 Cs is approximately 1.085558768e-12 joules per nucleon.
To calculate the binding energy follow the steps. Determine the atomic masses of the individual protons and neutrons in the nucleus. You can find these values in a table of atomic masses. Count the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For ^235U, there are 235 protons and 235-235=0 neutrons. Calculate the total mass of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus using their atomic masses and the number of each type of nucleon. Determine the total binding energy of the nucleus using the mass defect formula: Binding energy = (total mass of protons and neutrons) - (actual mass of nucleus) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon by dividing the total binding energy by the number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus.
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What electron configuration represents an atom in the excited state?
An atom's excited state electron configuration shows that a valence electron has been promoted to a higher energy level.
A valence electron that has been elevated to a higher energy level can be observed in an electron configuration that represents an atom in its excited state.
For example,
The sodium ’s electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
The 3s sublevel's valence electron is promoted to the 3p sublevel when it is excited, resulting in the following electron configuration:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3p¹.
A specific color of light, in this case is yellow, will be produced when the excited electron returns to the 3s sublevel, which is a very unstable situation and where the same amount of energy that was absorbed will be released.
So, The valence electron has been elevated to a higher energy level, as seen in the excited state electron configuration of an element.
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how many dna molecules would there be after four rounds of pcr if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?
If two molecules of DNA are multiplied by four times, forty DNA molecules are created, similarly, if two molecules are present in the initial reaction mixture, there would be thirty-two DNA molecules in four rounds of PCR.
The nucleotides that make up DNA are known as chemical building blocks. Phosphate groups, sugar groups, and one of four different nitrogen bases combines to make up the three components that make up these building blocks.
Carbon, chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorous, and hydrogen are the five atoms that combines to make up DNA's building blocks. These atoms are combine between themselves to form a nucleoside, which consists of a phosphate group and the deoxyribose sugar molecule (which gives DNA its name), which has five carbons.
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