Answer:
(B) At least $355 but less than $380
Explanation:
i. Claim payments to be made
$1000 to be paid after one year of the policy
So, Present value of $1000 at 8% semi-annually = $1000/(1.04^2)) = $924.56
10% of this policy is paid = $924.56*10%= $92.46
ii. Claim payments to be made
$10000 after 3 years
So, present value= $10000/(1+0.08/2)^6 =$10000/1.046 = $7,903.14
3% of this policy claim are payable after 3 years= $7903.14* 3% = $237.09
iii. Administration expenses = $20
$10 on the effective date
$10 after 6 months
So, present value of $10 after 6 months= $10/(1.04)= $9.62
Total present value of expenses to be made by the company = $92.46 + $237.09 + $10 + $9.62 = $349.17
As the present value of the premium is set equal to the present value of the claim payments and expenses. Then, the present value of the premium is equals to $349.17.
The actual cost of the premium paid in 6 months = $349.17*1.04 = $363.14. So the option B is correct.
define leverage economics.
Answer:
Leverage economics
is an investment strategy of using borrowed money—specifically, the use of various financial instruments or borrowed capital—to increase the potential return of an investment.
Enrique Industries purchased and consumed 50,000 gallons of direct material that was used in the production of 11,000 finished units of product. According to engineering specifications, each finished unit had a manufacturing standard of five gallons. If a review of Enrique's accounting records at the end of the period disclosed a material price variance of $5,000U and a material quantity variance of $3,000F, what is the actual price paid for a gallon of direct material
Answer:
$0.7 = actual price
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the standard price using the direct material quantity variance:
Direct material quantity variance= (standard quantity - actual quantity)*standard price
3,000 = (11,000*5 - 50,000)*standard price
3,000 = 55,000standard price - 50,000standard price
3,000/5,000 = standard price
$0.6= standard price per gallon
To calculate the actual price paid per gallon, we need to use the direct material price variance:
Direct material price variance= (standard price - actual price)*actual quantity
-5,000 = (0.6 - actual price)*50,000
-5,000 = 30,000 - 50,000actual price
-35,000 = -50,000actual price
$0.7 = actual price
At date t, a trader buys a bear spread using two European put options on the same stock. The date t stock price is $35 per share. Both put options have the same expiration date, T. The first put option is priced at $2.43 per share and has a strike price equal to $35 per share. The second put option is priced at $0.68 per share and has a strike price equal to $30 per share. At date T, what is the break-even stock price per share
Answer:
$33.25
Explanation:
The break-even point is calculated as: Higher strike price - Initial cost.
Initial cost = Cost of buying the higher strike price put option - Amount earned by selling the lower strike put option
Initial cost = $2.43 - $0.68
Initial cost = $1.75 per share
Break-even point = Higher strike price - Initial cost
Break-even point = $35 - $1.75
Break-even point = $33.25
Creating a Business Plan: Why is the section on key personnel so important?
Answer:
D- Investors invest in people even more than ideas.
Explanation:
Took the quiZ
A corporation can earn 7.5% if it invests in municipal bonds. The corporation can also earn 8.5% (before-tax) by investing in preferred stock. Assume that the two investments have equal risk. What is the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between the two investments
Answer:
39.22%
Explanation:
Calculation for the break-even corporate tax rate
Using this formula
Municipal yield = After-tax preferred yield
7.50% = BT preference return ´ [1 - (1 - Dividend exclusion %)(T)]
Let plug in the formula
7.50% = 8.50% ´ [1 - 30.00% ´ (T)]
88.24% = [1 - 30.00% ´ (T)]
Tax rate (T) = 39.22%
Therefore the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between the two investments is 39.22%
A reality of living in a risk society is that:____________
a. social justice is, in fact, dispensed equally across all citizen groups, irrespective of ethnicity, income level, or other factors.
b. incomes are regulated by government policy to ensure equality across professions and worker class.
c. laws cannot be enacted to regulate corporations' adherence to accounting rules.
d. currency exchange rates are set by the Caux Principles.
e. the creation and distribution of wealth generate by-products that can cause injury, loss, or danger to people and the environment.
Answer:
e
Explanation:
6. The recommended approach for strategy formulation by a leader is for him or her to: Group of answer choices B. inspire a large number of people to help achieve organizational purposes. D. delegate the task to the company planning department. A. involve people in making only decisions that are less critical. C. rely heavily on mathematical forecasts of the future.
Answer:
B. inspire a large number of people to help achieve organizational purposes.
Explanation:
Business strategy sets the overall direction for the business; it focuses on defining how a business would achieve its goals, objectives, and mission; as well as the funds and material resources required to implement or execute the business plan.
The recommended approach for strategy formulation by a leader is for him or her to inspire a large number of people to help achieve organizational purposes.
The CFO of Gabe Corp. suspects that an employee has been stealing cash from the company. The employee is responsible for receiving cash from customers and posting the payments to the customer accounts, as well as preparing the bank reconciliation and managing the cash account. To check up on the employee, the CFO prepares his own bank reconciliation and comes up with the following: Gabe Differences Bank $3,900 Beginning balance $4,000 (50) Service charges Outstanding checks (800) (100) NSF Check from Customer Deposits in transit 250 25 Interest earned --------- $3,775 Total $3,450 Do you think the employee has stolen from the company
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
To come in any conclusion first do the following calculations
Updated cash book
Closing Balance as per Gabe = $3,775
Less: Outstanding cheque -$800
Add: Cheque Deposited $250
Updated closing balance is $3,225
Bank reconcilliation statement
Closing balance as per Bank $3450
Less: NSF check from the customer -$100
Less: Service Charges -$50
Add: Interest earned $25
Reconciled Balance as per Bank $3,325
As from the above calculations we can see that there is a difference of $100 so it is cleared that the employee has stolen from the company
Information for Hobson Corp. for the current year ($ in millions): Income from continuing operations before tax $ 380 Loss on discontinued operation (pretax) 92 Temporary differences (all related to operating income): Accrued warranty expense in excess of expense included in operating income 85 Depreciation deducted on tax return in excess of depreciation expense 175 Permanent differences (all related to operating income): Nondeductible portion of entertainment expense 20 The applicable enacted tax rate for all periods is 25%. How should Hobson report tax on the discontinued operation
Answer:
$188
Explanation:
Income from continuing operations before tax $380
Less: Income Tax Expenses $100 [($380+$20)/25%]
Income from continuing operations $280
Less: Loss on discontinued operation (pretax) $92
Income from discontinued operations $188
a) What do you understand by the term qualitative research?
-) Briefly examine five differences between qualitative and
JESTION THREE (3)
What is a research problem and why is it important?
Examine five (5) characteristics of a good problem stater
Answer:
Kindly check explanation
Explanation:
An indepth analysis or research which involves non-numerical findings and as such may involve the use of categorical variables such as texts and other non-numerical data in its analysis may be termed as a qualitative research. It is aimed at establishing a comprehensive distinction or categorization of variables in a non-numerical format.
The main differences between qualitative and quantitative research include :
Qualitative research are in textual or non-numeric format while quantitative are numeric
Qualitative research have fixed responses as they use discrete or continous numeric variables while quantitative research aren't fixed and are usually unstructured.
Qualitative research cannot be subjected to statistical analysis as they are non-numeric while quantitative research can be subjected to statistical evaluation.
When conducting a research, the intended problem which one aims to solve with the outcome of the research is referred to as the problem statement.
A good research problem should be clear and lucid enough.
It should address a very specific area of research
It should be rendered in an interpretable manner and open to data collection.
It should be be robust to lead to further investigation.
Lyon Manufacturing Company produces products A, B, C, and D through a joint process. The joint costs amount to $100,000. Product Units Produced Sales Value at Split-Off Additional Costs of Processing Sales Value After Processing A 1,500 $10,000 $2,500 $15,000 B 2,500 $30,000 $3,000 $35,000 C 2,000 $20,000 $4,000 $25,000 D 3,000 $40,000 $6,000 $45,000 If B is processed further, profits will: Group of answer choices
Answer:
Increase by $2,000.
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what the profit will be if B is processed further,
First step is to calculate the Inremental Revenue
Inremental Revenue,=
$35,000 - $30,000
Inremental Revenue = $5,000
Now let calculate B profit if processed further
Using this formula
B profit if processed further=Inremental Revenue- Incremental Cost
Let plug in the formula
B profit if processed further=$5,000-$3,000
B profit if processed further= $2,000 Increase
Therefore If B is processed further, profits will Increase by $2,000.
Dallas Company uses a job order costing system. The company's executives estimated that direct labor would be $4,590,000 (270,000 hours at $17/hour) and that factory overhead would be $1,570,000 for the current period. At the end of the period, the records show that there had been 250,000 hours of direct labor and $1,270,000 of actual overhead costs. Using direct labor hours as a base, what was the predetermined overhead rate? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Answer: $5.82 per direct labor hour
Explanation:
The predetermined overhead rate will be calculated as:
= Estimated overhead cost / Estimated direct labor hours
= 1570000/270000
= 5.82 per direct labor hour
Therefore, the predetermined overhead rate will be $5.82 per direct labor hour
At 20 years old, Josh is an avid saver. He wants to put an equal amount each year from age 21 to 50 (30 years) such that starting at age 65 he can make a guaranteed annual withdrawal of $45,000 forever without touching the corpus, which will be the inheritance money for his family. He will make no deposits during the years of age 51 through 65. At a conservative return of 6% per year for all the years, what amount must he invest each year from age 21 through 50
Answer:
$3,958.47
Explanation:
we must determine the present value of his savings at age 65:
present value = annual withdrawal / 6% = $750,000
the present value of his savings at age 50 = $750,000 / (1 + 6%)¹⁵ = $312,949
annual contributions = $312,949 / 79.058 (FVIFA, 6%, 30 peridots) = $3,958.47
A large country can gain from imposing a tariff on the import of a good if: Group of answer choices the part of the tariff paid by the foreign exporters is greater than the losses arising from the production and consumption effects of the tariff in the domestic market the tariff is high enough that the country becomes an exporter of the product. the tariff drives the quantity imported to zero. the tariff revenue collected by the domestic government is less than the losses caused by the production and consumption effects of the tariff.
Answer:
part of the tariff paid by the foreign exporters is greater than the losses arising from the production and consumption effects of the tariff in the domestic market
Explanation:
Tariff is a form of tax levied on imported goods. Tariffs increases the price of import. This would discourage foreign exporters because there would be less demand for their good.
Tariffs would reduce the consumption of foreign goods and this would lead to negative welfare effect on consumers. This negative welfare effect can be mitigated if the tariff paid is greater than the welfare losses
Bridges and Lloyd, an accounting firm, provides consulting and tax planning services. For many years, the firm's total administrative cost (currently $250,000) has been allocated to services on the basis of billable hours to clients. A recent analysis found that 65% of the firm's billable hours to clients resulted from tax planning services, while 35% resulted from consulting services. The firm, contemplating a change to activity-based costing, has identified three components of administrative cost, as follows:
Staff Support $ 180,000
In-house computing charges 50,000
Miscellaneous office costs 20,000
Total $ 250,000
A recent analysis of staff support found a strong correlation between the number of staff personnel and the number of clients served (consulting, 20; tax planning, 60). In contrast, in-house computing and miscellaneous office cost varied directly with the number of computer hours logged and number of client transactions, respectively. Consulting consumed 30% of the firm's computer hours and had 20% of the total client transactions.
If Bridges and Lloyd switched from its current accounting method to an activity-based costing system, the amount of administrative cost chargeable to consulting services would:________.
a. decrease by $23,500.
b. change, but the amount cannot be determined based on the information presented.
c. increase by $23,500.
d. decrease by $32,500.
e. change by an amount other than those listed.
Answer:
Bridges and Lloyd
If Bridges and Lloyd switched from its current accounting method to an activity-based costing system, the amount of administrative cost chargeable to consulting services would:________.
d. decrease by $32,500.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Total administrative cost = $250,000
Services Tax Planning Consulting Total
Traditional cost pool basis:
Billable hours to clients 65% 35% 100%
Administrative costs $162,500 $87,500 $250,000
Activity cost pool bases:
Client base 80% 20% 100%
Computer hours 70% 30% 100%
Total client transactions 80% 20% 100%
ABC Allocation:
Services Tax Planning Consulting
Staff Support $ 180,000 $144,000 $36,000
In-house computing charges 50,000 35,000 15,000
Miscellaneous office costs 20,000 16,000 4,000
Total $ 250,000 $195,000 $55,000
Tax Planning Consulting Total
Traditional $162,500 $87,500 $250,000
ABC system $195,000 $55,000 $250,000
Difference $32,500 -$32,500 $0
Swifty Hardware reported cost of goods sold as follows. 2022 2021 Beginning inventory $ 31,000 $ 21,500 Cost of goods purchased 203,500 153,000 Cost of goods available for sale 234,500 174,500 Less: Ending inventory 35,000 31,000 Cost of goods sold $199,500 $143,500 Swifty made two errors: 1. 2021 ending inventory was overstated by $3,600. 2. 2022 ending inventory was understated by $6,550. Compute the correct cost of goods sold for each year. 2022 2021 Cost of goods sold
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
1. Correct amount of cost of goods sold 2022
= beginning inventory + cost of goods purchased - correct ending inventory
= $31,000 + $203,500 - ($35,000 - $6,550)
= $234,500 - $28,450
= $206,050
2.Correct amount of cost of goods sold 2021
= $21,500 + $153,000 - ($31,000 - $3,600)
= $139,900
Mrs. Williams finds that she has two options for investing $32,000.02 for fifteen years. The first option is to deposit the $32,000.02 into a fund earning a nominal rate of discount d(4) payable quarterly. The second option is to purchase an annuity-immediate with 15 level annual payments, the annuity payments computed using an annual effective rate of 7%, and then when she gets an annuity payment, to immediately invest it into a fund earning an annual effective rate of 5%. Mrs. Williams calculates that the second option produces an accumulated value that is $1,500 more than the accumulated value yielded by the first option. Calculate d(4).
Answer:
faith
Explanation:
The Bloomfield Corporation sells three items of inventory: rulers, mechanical pencils, and notebooks. The company begins operations on April 1, 2017 by purchasing 100 rulers at $6 each; 70 mechanical pencils at $8 each; and 120 notebooks at $7 each. Using the information above, calculate the book value (i.e., balance sheet value) of the three categories of inventory that Bloomfield would report as of April 1, 2017. Rulers: Pencils: Notebooks: Total: Now assume that Bloomfield incurs the following additional expenditures to acquire the inventory on April 1, 2017: The 100 rulers have a flat shipping fee of $15. The mechanical pencils are imported; each unit is subject to an import duty of $0.50. The notebooks ship with a flat fee of $12 plus $0.10 per unit. Re-calculate the book value of the three inventory categories as of April 1, 2017, taking into account the additional expenditures noted above.
Answer:
Value of inventories
1. Rulers = 100*$6 = $600
2. Pencils = 70*$8 = $560
3. Notebooks = 120*$7 = $840
Total $2,000
Value of inventories after additional information
1. Rulers = [(100*$6) + $15] = $615
2. Pencils = (70*$8) + (70*$0.50) = $595
3. Notebooks= (120*$7) + $12 + (120*$0.10) $864
Total $2,074
The value carried by the inventories would be as follows:
1. Rulers [tex]= 100[/tex] × $[tex]6[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]600[/tex]
2. Pencils [tex]= 70[/tex] × $[tex]8[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]560[/tex]
3. Notebooks [tex]= 120[/tex] × $[tex]7[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]840[/tex]
Total $[tex]2,000[/tex]
What is a Balance Sheet?A Balance sheet is described as the sum up of the equity, assets, as well as liabilities held by an organization at the end of a year.
The valuation or the cost of inventories post the addition would be as follows:
1. Rulers [tex]= 100[/tex] × $[tex]6[/tex] + $[tex]15[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]615[/tex]
2. Pencils [tex]= 70[/tex] × $[tex]8[/tex] [tex]+ (70[/tex] × [tex]0.50)[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]595[/tex]
3. Notebooks [tex]= 120[/tex] × $[tex]7[/tex] + [tex]$12 + (120[/tex] × [tex]$0.10)[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] $[tex]864[/tex]
Total $[tex]2074[/tex]
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A bond with face value of $500,000 has a bid quote of 99.1227 and an asked quote of 99.3996. How much will you, an investor, pay to purchase 10 of these bonds
Answer: 4969980
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the following can be deduced:
Face value = $500,000
Bid quote = 99.1227
Ask quote = 99.3996
The amount that will be paid by an investor to purchase 10 of these bonds will be:
= 10 × Face value × Ask price
= 10 × 500000 × 99.3996%
= 10 × 500000 × 0.993996
= 4969980
PLS HELP!!! WILL GIVE POINTS & BRAINLIEST!!!!
The equilibrium price in the market is $____ per calendar, and the equilibrium quantity is ___ calendars brought and sold per month.
Complete the ff table by indicating at each price whether there is a shortage or surplus in the market, the amount of that shortage or surplus, and whether this places upward or downward.
Price
48 (shortage/surplus) amount ____ Pressure (upward/downward)
32 (shortage/surplus) amount ____ Pressure (upward/downward)
Abbot Inc. is considering the following investment opportunities. Required Compute the future value under each of the investment options. Round interest rate percentages to two decimal places in your calculations (for example, enter .0063 for .6333333%). Round final answer to the nearest whole dollar (for example, enter final answer 2,556 for 2,555.5678). Do not use a negative sign with your answers. Annual Interest Term Future Investment Compounding Rate Cost (Years) Value Investment A Semiannually 6% $50,000 5 $ 67,196 Investment B Quarterly 8% 60,000 10 132,482 Investment C Monthly 10% 40,000 8 88,727 X Investment D Monthly 5% 80,000 10 131,761 x
Answer:
$ 67,196
$132482
$88,727
$131,761
Explanation:
The formula for calculating future value:
FV = P (1 + r/m)^mn
FV = Future value
P = Present value
R = interest rate
N = number of years
m =number of compounding
$50,000 x ( 1 + 0.06/2)^10 = $67,196
$60,000 x ( 1 + 0.08/4)^40 = $132,482
$40,000 x (1 + 0.1/12)^96 = $88,727
$80,000 x ( 1 + 0.05 /12) ^120 = $131,761
define private equity funds economics.
its like keeping the funds private and makeing sure no one knows alot about it
Identify the possessive pronoun in the following sentence: "I love my new computer!"
A I
B love
C
my
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Boxwood Company sells blankets for $40 each. The following was taken from the inventory records during May. The company had no beginning inventory on May 1. Date Blankets Units Cost May 03 Purchase 5 $14 10 Sale 3 17 Purchase 15 $15 20 Sale 5 23 Sale 2 30 Purchase 15 $19 Assuming that the company uses the perpetual inventory system, determine the gross profit for the sale of May 23 using the FIFO inventory cost method. a.$50 b.$80 c.$20 d.$110
Answer:
The company had no beginning inventory on May 1. May 3 Purchase 5 $20 10 Sale ... Boxwood Company sells blankets for $40 each. The following was taken
Explanation:
Fragmental Co. leased a portion of its store to another company for eight months beginning on October 1, at a monthly rate of $1,125. Fragmental collected the entire $9,000 cash on October 1 and recorded it as unearned revenue. Assuming adjusting entries are only made at year-end, the adjusting entry made by Fragmental Co. on December 31 would be:
Answer:
Debit unearned rent for $3,375
........Credit rent revenue for $3,375
Explanation:
The adjusting entry made by Fragmental Co. on December 31 is calculated as;
Number of months from October 1st to December 31st = 3 months
Rent revenue earned for 3 months = $1,125 × 3 = $3,375
Therefore, the adjusting entry would be;
Debit unearned rent for $3,375
..........Credit rent revenue for $3,375
The adjusting entry made by Fragmental Co. on December 31 would be a debit to Unearned Rent and a credit to Rent Revenue for $3,450. The correct option is d.
$3,450 in unearned rent a/c Dr.
$3,450 in rent revenue.
Unearned rent is deducted because it is the company's liability. The value of unearned rent is reduced due to the company's adjustment of unearned rent into rent income, and a fall in the value of unearned rent is always debited because it is a liability.
Rent revenue is credited since it is a company revenue/gain, and all company revenue/gains are always recognised in the books of accounts.
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The question is incomplete, but the complete question most probably was:
Fragmental Co. leased a portion of its store to another company for eight months beginning on October 1, at a monthly rate of $1,150. Fragmental collected the entire $9,200 cash on October 1 and recorded it as unearned revenue. Assuming adjusting entries are only made at year-end, the adjusting entry made by Fragmental Co. on December 31 would be:
Multiple Choice
a)A debit to Rent Revenue and a credit to Cash for $3,450.
b)A debit to Rent Revenue and a credit to Unearned Rent for $3,450.
c)A debit to Cash and a credit to Rent Revenue for $9,200.
d)A debit to Unearned Rent and a credit to Rent Revenue for $3,450.
e)A debit to Unearned Rent and a credit to Rent Revenue for $5,750
what does "the customer is always right" mean
Ferrier Chemical Company makes three products, B7, K6, and X9, which are joint products from the same materials. In a standard batch of 150,000 pounds of raw materials, the company generates 35,000 pounds of B7, 75,000 pounds of K6, and 40,000 pounds of X9. A standard batch costs $600,000 to produce. The sales prices per pound are $6, $10, and $16 for B7, K6, and X9, respectively. Required Allocate the joint product cost among the three final products using weight as the allocation base. Allocate the joint product cost among the three final products using market value as the allocation bas
Answer:
Ferrier Chemical Company
Allocation of the joint cost, using weight as the allocation base:
For B7 = $140,000 ($600,000*35,000/150,000)
For K6 = $300,000 ($600,000*75,000/150,000)
ForX9 = $160,000 ($600,000*40,000/150,000)
Allocation of the join cost, using market value:
For B7 = $78,750 ($600,000*$210,000/$1,600,000)
For K6 = $281,250 ($600,000*$750,000/$1,600,000)
For X9 = $240,000 ($600,000*$640,000/$1,600,000)
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Joint cost of a standard batch = $600,000
B7 K6 X9 Total
Pounds generated 35,000 75,000 40,000 150,000
Sales price per pound $6 $10 $16
Market value $210,000 $750,000 $640,000 $1,600,000
Allocation of the joint cost, using weight as the allocation base:
For B7 = $140,000 ($600,000*35,000/150,000)
For K6 = $300,000 ($600,000*75,000/150,000)
ForX9 = $160,000 ($600,000*40,000/150,000)
Allocation of the join cost, using market value:
For B7 = $78,750 ($600,000*$210,000/$1,600,000)
For K6 = $281,250 ($600,000*$750,000/$1,600,000)
For X9 = $240,000 ($600,000*$640,000/$1,600,000)
b) The market value for each product class is a function of the quantity produced multiplied by the sales price per unit.
Describe the legal aspects of buying ?
Answer:
Legal aspects of buying and selling a business.
Pre-Sale. The key here is to ensure that appropriate advisers in place; such as tax, financial and legal advisers. ...
Heads of Agreement. ...
Due Diligence. ...
The Contract of Sale. ...
Warranties/Indemnities/Disclosure.
. AT&T's decision to move its corporate headquarters meant that about 700
of the company's best-paid executives were moving to the Dallas area.
What did that probably do to the demand curve for expensive homes in the
Dallas area?
A. Shift to the left B. Shift to the right
Answer:
nn
Explanation:
d
Which of the following will not cause the production possibility frontier to shift? Group of answer choices the introduction of "fiber optic" technology a land reclamation program an increase in the working population a reduction in unemployment an explosion destroying a chemical plant
Answer:
an increase in the working population
Explanation:
The Production possibilities frontier (PPF) is a curve that shows the various combination of two goods a company can produce when all its resources are fully utilised.
The PPC is concave to the origin. This means that as more quantities of a product is produced, the fewer resources it has available to produce another good. As a result, less of the other product would be produced. So, the opportunity cost of producing a good increase as more and more of that good is produced.
The PPF can shift either inward or outward.
An outward shift is associated with an increase in output while an inward shift is associated with a reduction in output.
Factors that cause the PPF to shift
1. changes in technology. technological progress leads to outward shift of the PPF. introduction of "fiber optic" technology would shift the PPF outward.
2. changes in available resources. a land reclamation program would increase the land available for production and this would increase output. While an explosion destroying a chemical plant would reduce output and lead to an inward shift of the PPF
3. changes in the labour force. A decrease in unemployment would increase output and shift the the PPF outward
Working population is the number of people between 15-59.