The results of a national survey showed that on average, adults sleep 6.3 hours per night. Suppose that the standard deviation is 1.6 hours. (a) Use Chebyshev's theorem to calculate the minimum percentage of individuals who sleep between 3.1 and 9.5 hours. % (b) Use Chebyshev's theorem to calculate the minimum percentage of individuals who sleep between 2.3 and 10.3 hours. % (c) Assume that the number of hours of sleep follows a bell-shaped distribution. Use the empirical rule to calculate the percentage of individuals who sleep between 3.1 and 9.5 hours per day. % How does this result compare to the value that you obtained using Chebyshev's theorem in part (a)

Answer:

a) 75%.

b) 84%

c) Within 2 standard deviations from the mean is 95%. The normal distribution has a higher percentage of observations closer to the mean than a non normal distribution, so this percentage is larger.

Step-by-step explanation:

Empirical Rule:

The Empirical Rule states that, for a normally distributed random variable:

Approximately 68% of the measures are within 1 standard deviation of the mean.

Approximately 95% of the measures are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

Approximately 99.7% of the measures are within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

Chebyshev Theorem:

The Chebyshev Theorem can also be applied to non-normal distribution. It states that:

At least 75% of the measures are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

At least 89% of the measures are within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

An in general terms, the percentage of measures within k standard deviations of the mean is given by [tex]100(1 - \frac{1}{k^{2}})[/tex].

In this question:

Mean: 6.3 hours

Standard deviation: 1.6 hours

(a) Use Chebyshev's theorem to calculate the minimum percentage of individuals who sleep between 3.1 and 9.5 hours.

3.1 = 6.3 - 2*1.6

9.5 = 6.3 + 2*1.6

Within 2 standard deviations, so the minimum percentage is 75%.

(b) Use Chebyshev's theorem to calculate the minimum percentage of individuals who sleep between 2.3 and 10.3 hours.

How many standard deviations from the mean?

One standard deviation is 1.6

These measures are 10.3 = 6.3 = 6.3 - 2.3 = 4. This is k standard deviations, in which

[tex]k = \frac{4}{1.6} = 2.5[/tex]

The minimum percentage is:

[tex]100(1 - \frac{1}{k^{2}}) - 100(1 - \frac{1}{2.5^{2}}) = 84%[/tex]

So 84%.

(c) Assume that the number of hours of sleep follows a bell-shaped distribution. Use the empirical rule to calculate the percentage of individuals who sleep between 3.1 and 9.5 hours per day.

Within 2 standard deviations from the mean is 95%. The normal distribution has a higher percentage of observations closer to the mean than a non normal distribution, so this percentage is larger.

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