A discounted metric of capital budgeting called the internal rate of return is used to determine whether or not potential investments will be profitable. The net present value (NPV) of cash flows is null at IRR.
Using a financial calculator or the hit-and-run method, it can be calculated.
A metric used in financial analysis to estimate the profitability of potential investments is the internal rate of return (IRR). In a discounted cash flow analysis, the IRR is a discount rate that sets the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows at zero. The NPV and IRR calculations use the same formula.
How is IRR calculated and defined?
The IRR, which is the interest rate at which all cash flows equal zero, can be used to compare investments. If we substitute 13.92% for 8% in the preceding example, the NPV will become zero, and that will be your IRR. As a result, the discount rate at which a project's NPV reaches zero is referred to as IRR.
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which project transformed the site of a neglected waterfront warehouse and harbor district in dubuque, iowa?
The law of supply and demand is a theory that aims to explain the connection between a product's price and its availability and demand, such as in the case of a security. In general, low supply and high demand increase an item's price whereas high availability and low demand lower it.
What is a security in finance?A financial instrument that is fungible and negotiable and has some kind of monetary worth is referred to as a "security."
A security can reflect rights to ownership through the ownership of an option, a creditor relationship with a governmental organization or company through the ownership of that entity's bond, or ownership of stock in a firm.
The U.S. stock market was previously governed at the state level until the Securities Act of 1933, which is the first federal law to do so.
According to the law, anyone who wants to offer investment contracts for sale to the general public must publish specific details about the intended offering, the firm doing so, and the key personnel of that company.
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the most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: a. vestibule training b. computer-based instruction c. on-the-job training d. apprenticeships
The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is on the job training (OJT). In fact, one estimate suggests that organizations spend three to six times more on OJT than on classroom training.
On-the-job training is a form of on-the-job training. During training, employees are introduced to the work environment in which they participate. Employees can also gain hands-on experience using machines, equipment, tools, materials, and more.
On-the-job training is usually the most effective way to acquire the skills needed for the job. No one wants to spend time away from work sitting in a classroom when they can study at work while working.
Lack of qualified trainers is one of the drawbacks of in-house training. The best people in an organization don't always make the best coaches. A qualified trainer has excellent communication skills. They are patient and ready to answer any off-course questions a trainee may have.
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assume the economy faces high unemployment but stable inflation. which combination of government policies is most likely to reduce unemployment?
The combination of government policies that are most likely to reduce unemployment includes the following: expansionary fiscal policy, expansionary monetary policy, active labor market policies, and structural reforms.
What are government policies?Government policies are laws and regulations that are imposed by a governing authority, such as the federal government, state governments, or local governments. These policies are created to protect the public from harm and to ensure that all citizens are treated fairly. Government policies can range from environmental regulations to social security and healthcare reforms. In general, governments use policies to create a safer and healthier environment for their citizens.
The combination of the government policies includes the following:
1. Expansionary fiscal policy: Increase government spending and/or cut taxes to increase demand and boost job creation.
2. Expansionary monetary policy: Cut interest rates to encourage investment, boost growth and reduce unemployment.
3. Active labor market policies: Invest in job-training, job-search assistance, and other programs to help the unemployed find new jobs.
4. Structural reforms: Remove regulations and other barriers that impede job creation.
It can be concluded that the combination of government policies that are most likely to reduce unemployment includes the following: expansionary fiscal policy, expansionary monetary policy, active labor market policies, and structural reforms.
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All of the following qualitative considerations may i impáct capital investment analysis except? a. time value of money b. employee morale c. the impact on product quality d. manufacturing flexibility
With the exception of time value of money, all of the following qualitative factors may influence capital investment analysis.
Who is called as employee?The employee is anybody who receives compensation in doing work for another individual or company. For an individual to be considered an employee, they simply need to be paid by their employer for their effort; full-time employment is not a need (the person or business that pays them).
What is an example employee?The salesperson at a retail establishment is an example of an employee. The worker is seen as an employee since they have to perform activities in a specific way, such wearing name badges and greeting customers in a certain way.
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requirements for successful mbo programs include all of the following except: a. the results must be under the control of the employee b. a specific time must be set when goals are to be reviewed and evaluated c. goal statements must be accompanied by descriptions of how they will be accomplished d. both trait and critical incident objectives must be set
All of the following are necessary for mbo projects to be effective, with the exception that both trait & critical incident objectives need to be specified.
Which is the best way to define characteristics?A trait is a distinctive attribute, propensity, or trait that someone, something, or both possesses. During those formative months, a lot of our personality characteristics are formed. Humans are naturally creative. Synonyms: trait, quality, attribute, feature More synonyms for characteristic
Which 5 characteristics best describe each?Extraversion (sometimes known as extroversion), openness to experience, openness, conscientiousness, and psychopathy are the "Big Five" personality qualities. A continuum can be seen in each trait. Anywhere along the spectrum for each trait, an individual may fit. Most of a person's lifespan, The Big Five stay largely steady.
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who established a system to give all twelve tones of the chromatic scale equal importance?
Arnold Schoenberg developed a system that gave equal importance to all twelve notes of the chromatic scale.
What is 12 Tone Theory?Commonly known as 12-note or serialism, it uses all 12 notes in the chromatic scale. Schoenberg arranged the notes in pitch columns, and in the chromatic scale he had to play each of the 12 notes before he could reuse the notes.
What do you mean by 12 notes of the chromatic scale?A, A#/Bb, B, C, C#/Db, D, D#/Eb, E, F, F#/Gb, G, G#/Ab. The chromatic scale can start from any of the 12 tones, so the scale has 12 different iterations or inversions.
How old is the 12-tone chromatic scale?Most sources state that it was invented by the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in 1921 and first described privately for his collaborators in 1923, but in fact Joseph his Matthias his Hauer published his "Law of Twelve Tones" in 1919. Each note is repeated.
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which one of the following items is not required to be disclosed for each operating segment? factors used to identify operating segments. products and services from which each segment derives its revenues. revenues from external customers. factors used to allocate company-wide expenses. revenues from transactions with other operating segments.
The items that are not required to be disclosed for each operating segment are "factors used to allocate company-wide expenses". Thus, the correct answer is D.
Operating segments necessitate that certain types of companies (mostly those with publicly traded shares) publish information about their operating segments, goods and services, the geographical region in which they operate, and key clients. Both the identification of operational segments and the measurement of reported segment information are derived from internal management reports.
Requirements for DisclosureAmong the required disclosures are basic information about how the company determined its operating segments and the categories of items and services from which each operating segment generates revenue.Details on each reportable segment's profit or loss.A measurement of each reportable segment's total liabilities and total assets.Geographical analyses of revenues and some non-current assets.Reconciliations between stated segment profit or loss and the sum of segment revenues.Etc.
Answer choices should be written in the following format:
A. Factors used to identify operating segments.B. Products and services from which each segment derives its revenues.C. Revenues from external customers.D. Factors used to allocate company-wide expenses.E. Revenues from transactions with other operating segments.The correct answer is D.
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why would company personnel be interested in knowing the hours during which their site has the most traffic?
The correct response is A) It will help them know when to have more customer-service staff available. Customer service is the assistance you provide to your clients to make their interactions with you simple and joyful, both before and after they purchase and utilize your goods or services.
Customer service refers to the help and guidance a business offers to consumers who purchase or utilize its goods or services. Every industry has distinct standards for customer service, but ultimately, the goal of a well-performed service is to boost profits. Employees "who can modify themselves to the personality of the customer" are critical to the perceived effectiveness of customer service encounters. Customer service practices frequently show a company's strategies and ideals. Customer retention is typically used to gauge how well customer service is performing. For some businesses, providing excellent customer service is one of their intangible assets that sets them apart from competitors. A single instance of excellent customer service can completely alter a consumer's opinion of the company.
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Why would company personnel be interested in knowing the hours during which their site has the most traffic?
A) It will help them know when to have more customer-service staff available.
B) It will help them to know when to open their online store.
C) It will help them decide how much money to put into web development services.
D) It will help them make sure their hosting is sufficient so that the site doesn't crash during peak hours.
Is absolute advantage necessary for trade?
Absolute advantage cannot be sought as necessary or essential or trade activities.
An absolute advantage can be referred to or considered as the upper hand that an individual has over the position that he or she enjoys within the market of an economy, where it is relevant. Usually, an absolute advantage is enjoyed by a seller in a monopolist market structure.
However, the trade in other market structures is also possible without the possession of an absolute advantage. So, it cannot be considered as necessary for trade, but it is definitely beneficial.
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which aspect of the marketing mix is addressed when a new kind of vascular scan is advertised on billbaords
The aspect of the marketing mix is addressed when a new kind of vascular scan is advertised on billboards such that product, price, place, and promotion.
The marketing mix is known as the four P's of marketing and this refers to the four key elements of a marketing strategy:
product, price, place, promotionBillboard advertising is the process of using large-scale prints and digital advertising boards that is called billboards or hoardings to promote a brand, offering, or campaign.
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the situation in which the central bank increases the money supply, but the money multiplier falls enough to offset increases in reserves is known as a: multiple choice liquidity trap. reserve trap. interest rate trap.
The liquidity trap is a situation in which the central bank increases the money supply, but the money multiplier falls enough to offset increases in reserves. Therefore, the option A holds true.
A liquidity can be referred to or considered as a phenomenon that represents the ability of a monetary engagement to be easily converted into real money. Liquidity is a controllable aspect by the economic authorities, which can be done with the help of an increase or decrease in the supply of money within the economy.
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in high-income countries, many central banks run highly expansionary policies that are successful in the short run. what is the interest rate associated with these policies?
The interest rate associated with these policies is typically very low, close to zero. Central banks in high-income countries often employ near-zero or even negative interest rates in order to encourage borrowing and stimulate economic growth.
What does Intrest rate mean?
The percentage of a sum of money charged for its use, usually expressed as an annual percentage rate, is known as the interest rate. It is the interest rate charged by a bank or other lender for borrowing money, or the interest rate paid by a bank to its savings account customers for keeping money in an account.
What does Saving account means?
A savings account is a deposit account at a financial institution that offers principal protection as well as a low interest rate. The account holder can deposit and withdraw funds as needed while earning interest on the balance. Savings accounts are typically used to hold funds for short-term objectives.
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2. to compare plastic and paper bags in terms of acquisition of raw materials, manufacturing and processing, use and disposal using the data below: (a) which bag would you choose if you were most concerned about air pollution? (b) if we assume that two plastic bags equal one paper bag, does the choice change? (c) compare the energy required to produce each bag. which bag takes less energy to produce?
Paper bags are a popular option. No, the decision remains the same if air pollution is an issue. If we are worried about reducing air pollution, we cannot be comforted by money factors or productivity rates.
Regarding sustainability, paper bags offer several advantages over plastic bags. Because they are biodegradable, they may be utilized for activities like composting and are simpler to recycle.
According to a Washington Post investigation, paper manufacture results in 70 percent greater air pollution and 50 times greater environmental pollution than plastic bag production due to the extensive use of hazardous chemicals in the process, making it more dangerous to people and the environment than HDPE bags.
Paper bags are biodegradable and recyclable, but polythene bags are not biodegradable and are detrimental to animals, hence paper bags should be preferred instead.
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which technique is used to create billions of copies of dna in a short amount of time?
The technique is used to create billions of copies of DNA in a short amount of time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Now, According to the question:
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
is a revolutionary method developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s. PCR is based on using the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand. Because DNA polymerase can add a nucleotide only onto a preexisting 3'-OH group, it needs a primer to which it can add the first nucleotide. This requirement makes it possible to delineate a specific region of template sequence that the researcher wants to amplify. At the end of the PCR reaction, the specific sequence will be accumulated in billions of copies.
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a form of advertising thatfirms use when a product enters the growth phase of the product life cycle and other companies begin to enter the marketplace is called .
Competitive advertising is a form of advertising that firms use when a product enters the growth phase of the product life cycle and other companies begin to enter the marketplace
Competitive advertising is characterized as an approach that is utilized by companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors. This sort of advertising has been utilized by companies to gain impact over buyer decision by emphasizing the fact that their item or administration is better than their competitors. This is also finished to get a larger share of the market.
An example of competitive advertising is Coke and Pepsi. Both soft beverage giants have had a long-standing history of competitive advertising that dates back to the Pepsi challenge in 1975.
The overall target of competitive advertising is for an organization to differentiate itself from its competitors. Through its utilization, it looks to impact the customer's decisions and gain a greater market share.
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Cash inflows and outflows involving stockholders and creditors are classified on the statement of cash flows as activities.a. Trueb. False
The statement, "Cash inflows and outflows involving stockholders and creditors are classified on the statement of cash flows as financing activities" is true.
Offering a budget for business activities, making purchases, or making investments is known as financing. Financial institutions, including banks, are in the business of providing capital to businesses, customers, and traders to enable them to realize their aspirations. In a kind of financing known as cash flow financing, a corporation receives a loan that is secured by the company's anticipated cash flows.
The quantity of money that enters and leaves a firm over a certain time period is known as cash flow. Cash flow financing makes use of the cash flow produced to repay the loan. The method of raising funds or resources for any kind of expenditure is known as financing. It is a method of directing large amounts of money in the form of credit, loans, or invested capital to the financial institutions that can use them most effectively.
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in 2022 medrano manufacturing reported 3.9 billion in cash flows from operating actiivites but on ly 2.7 billion in net income what is one possible reason that medrano coudl reporet this difference
They recorded $1.2 billion in noncash expenses on their income statement.
One possible reason that Medrano could report this difference is (3.9 billion - 2.7 billion) =$1.2 billion
In accounting terms, price is the operational fee that is paid to earn business sales. It manner the outflow of cash in going back to goods or offerings. prices also can be written as the sum of all the operations that normally convey income.
Price is any specific outflow of coins or different precious belongings from a person or organization to another man or woman or enterprise. This outflow is normally one facet of exchange for services or products which have identical or higher contemporary or destiny fees to the customer than to the vendor. Technically, a fee is an event in which a proprietary stake is dwindled or exhausted, or a liability is incurred. In terms of the accounting equation, costs reduce owners' fairness.
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Complete Question:
In 2017, Medrano Manufacturing reported $3.9 billion in cash flows from operating activities but only $2.7 billion in net income. What is one reason that Medrano would report this difference?
What is a core position at FEMA?
Our agency's capstone philosophy, "We Are FEMA," or Publication One, contains the fundamental principles that direct it Pub 1 provides guidance for our agency's
Over 20,000 employees work for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) countrywide. We are a nationwide organization with 10 regional offices and our main office in Washington, D.C.FEMA was officially created in 1979 through an executive order by President Jimmy Carter. Our history can be traced as far back as 1803.On March 1, 2003, FEMA became part of the Department of Homeland Security.Our agency's capstone philosophy, "We Are FEMA," or Publication One, contains the fundamental principles that direct it Pub 1 provides guidance for our agency's
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if a firm employs resources in imperfectly competitive markets, to maximize its profits the marginal revenue product of each resource must equal:
The correct response is b) its marginal resource cost. The increased expense incurred by using one more unit of the input is known as the marginal resource cost.
It is calculated by dividing the variation in the total cost by the variation in the number of inputs. The increased expense incurred by using one more unit of the input is known as the marginal resource cost. It is calculated by dividing the variation in the total cost by the variation in the number of inputs. Resources also have a marginal revenue cost (MRC), which is determined by dividing the change in total resource cost by the change in unit resource amount. Press the M+ button to add a number to the calculator's memory in order to use the memory feature of the UCAT calculator. To recall this number, press the MRC button. This is especially helpful for calculating out complex powers. To calculate 17.85, for instance, type 17.8 and press the M+ button.
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if a firm employs resources in imperfectly competitive markets, to maximize its profits the marginal revenue product of each resource must equal:
a) its marginal product
b) its marginal resource cost
c) its price
d) 1
microsoft faces very little competition from other firms for its windows software. why isn't the price of their software $10,000 per copy?
The business would sell so few copies that they would make more money by selling at a lesser price because of this.
The company would sell so few copies that selling at a lower price would make them more money. A business term is a word or phrase that describes a notion that is utilized in a particular field of business. Examples include things like paid time off, clients, purchase orders, and personal loans. Business is defined by Prof. L.H. Hanrey as "any human activity aimed at generating or obtaining income through the buying and selling of goods." But according to the definition given above, business is only defined as exchange activity that is not founded on a proper grasp of the issues. The creation, distribution, and selling of goods and services for a profit is one definition of business.
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when an appraisal is made subject to the completion of repairs or improvements to the subject property, fannie mae/freddie mac regulations require the appraiser to:
One can issue a Certificate of Completion when the construction is finished.
The appraiser ought to remark if the web page has adverse conditions or if there's market resistance to a property because the web site isn't always well matched with the neighborhood or the necessities of the aggressive market, and verify the effect, if any, on the price and marketability of the belongings.
Precise statistics are information about the assets being appraised (the problem property) and similar houses which have been bought or leased in the local market. Land and building descriptions are unique statistics that help an appraiser to choose comparable income and leases.
If a document consists of two or extra indicators of price which are notably distinctive from each other and they're averaged to get to the belief of price with none further rationalization or help, that may be a red flag.
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Appraisers determine if a site has adverse conditions or if there is market resistance to the property, as the site is not always well suited to the needs of the neighborhood or aggressive market. and the price impact, if any, should be considered. and the marketability of things.
Accurate statistics are information about the properties under evaluation (problem properties) and similar homes purchased or rented on the local market. Property and building descriptions are unique statistics that help surveyors select comparable yields and leases.
If a document consists of two or more price indicators that differ significantly from each other and are averaged into believing prices without further justification or support, this may be a red flag .
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What are the top 10 things the government spends money on?
Defense, Health Care, Interest Payments, Income Security, Benefits for Veterans, Education, Social Security, Medicare, Foreign aid, Other are top 10 things government spends money on.
Spending by the federal government is getting close to $4 trillion annually. The country will still need a lot of money to function, even though a new administration is promising a surge of change. Most of that money comes from you, the taxpayer, directly. The majority of the money used by the government for spending comes from tax collections, including $1.53 trillion from individual income taxes. Aside from borrowing, Social Security and Medicare taxes, customs fees, and excise taxes are other significant revenue generators for the government.
Those sums are so enormous they are hardly comprehensible. Whatever the size of your tax payment, it undoubtedly feels insignificant compared to the total amount of money the government Spending.
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the discount rate refers to the: multiple choice lower price large institutions pay for government bonds. rate of interest the fed charges for loans to banks. rate of interest the fed charges for loans to individuals. rate of interest the fed charges for loans to government.
The discount rate refers to the rate of interest the fed charges for loans to banks. So option b. is correct.
The term discount rate can refer to either the interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges banks for short-term loans or the rate used to discount future cash flows in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. In a banking context, discount lending is a key tool of monetary policy and part of the Fed's function as the lender of last resort.
Commercial banks in the US have two primary ways to borrow money for their short-term operating needs.
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To decrease the money supply using the reserve requirements, what would the fed typically do?
The Federal Reserve can increase the money supply by lowering the reserve requirements for banks, which allows them to lend more money. Conversely, by raising the banks' reserve requirements, the Fed can decrease the size of the money supply.
when the Federal Reserve decreases the reserve ratio, it lowers the amount of cash that banks are required to keep in reserves, permitting them to make extra loans to consumers and businesses. This will increase the kingdom's money supply and expands the financial system. To lower the money deliver, the Fed increases rates to borrow and discourages it. explain reserve requirements. To boom cash supply, the Fed lowers reserve requirements so banks will loan extra.
To decrease cash supply, the Fed raises reserve necessities so the banks can loan much less. by using increasing the reserve requirement, the Federal Reserve is largely taking money out of the money delivery and increasing the fee of credit score. lowering the reserve requirement pumps cash into the financial system by giving banks extra reserves, which promotes the expansion of financial institution credit and lowers charges.
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the portfolio weight is . multiple choice question. the percentage of the total value that is invested in an asset the amount of return versus the overall market the square root of the standard deviation always equal to 10
The portfolio weight is the percentage of an investment portfolio that a particular holding or type of holding comprises.
A portfolio is a collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, commodities, coins, and cash equivalents, inclusive of closed-end finances and alternate traded finances (ETFs). people usually agree with that stocks, bonds, and coins incorporate the core of a portfolio.
A portfolio is a collection of various forms of assets owned by a person to fulfill their financial objectives. nowadays, there are various kinds of economic assets that you can encompass in your portfolio from fairness stocks, mutual budget, debt finances, gold, belongings, derivatives, and more.
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the jetpak skydiving club charges each member a $50 membership fee in addition to the $35 charged for each jump the member makes. this is an example of what kind of pricing tactic?
This is an example of two-part pricing.
What is the purpose of two part pricing?It is intended to make it possible for the company to obtain more consumer surplus than it otherwise would in a setting where there is no price discrimination. In competitive marketplaces where consumers are unsure of their ultimate demand, two-part tariffs may also exist.Since it allows producers to sell more product and capture more consumer surplus (or, more precisely, producer surplus that would otherwise be consumer surplus), a two-part tariff will typically be more profitable than monopoly pricing in most situations.
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a company's board of directors votes to declare a cash dividend of $1.65 per share of common stock. the company has 33,000 shares authorized, 28,000 issued, and 27,500 shares outstanding. the total amount of the cash dividend is:
If a company's board of directors votes to declare a cash dividend of $1.65 per share of common stock. the company has 33,000 shares authorized, 28,000 issued, and 27,500 shares outstanding. the total amount of the cash dividend is: $45,375.
How to find the total amount of cash dividend?Using this formula to find the total amount of cash dividend
Total amount of cash dividend = Cash dividend per share of common stock × Shares outstanding
Where:
Cash dividend per share of common stock = $1.65
Shares outstanding = $27,500
Let plug in the formula
Total amount of cash dividend =$1.65 × 27,500 shares outstanding
Total amount of cash dividend = $45,375
Therefore the Total amount of cash dividend is the amount of $45,375.
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martinez co. borrowed $61,500 on march 1 of the current year by signing a 60-day, 9%, interest-bearing note. assuming a 360-day year, when the note is paid on april 30, the entry to journalize the payment should include a
when the note is paid on april 30, the entry to journalize the payment should include a debit to Interest Expense for $750
A loan made by a lender to a borrower with funds that are subject to interest accrual in accordance with the terms of the agreement is referred to as an interest bearing note. There are numerous uses for these notes. An account receivable, for instance, can be converted into a note in which the customer becomes a borrower and pays interest on what was previously an account receivable. A mortgage is another option, which requires a homeowner to agree to a lengthy series of payments that may include both principal and interest repayment, depending on the terms. A long-term loan to a company that is used to support its funding requirements over a number of years is the third type of interest-bearing note. An interest-bearing note may stipulate that the borrower repay the entire principal at the end of the term loan or in instalments over the note's duration.
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an economist working for the central bank of fredonia estimates a phillips curve for fredonia and reports the following points on the estimated curve. actual inflation rate (percent) unemployment rate (percent) 5 4.0 4 4.5 3 5.0 2 5.5 refer to table 35-1. which of the following statements is correct? a. these points are consistent with both the theoretical short-run and long-run phillips curves. b. these points are consistent with the theoretical long-run phillips curve, but not with the short-run phillips curve. c. these points are not consistent with either the theoretical short-run or long-run phillips curves. d. these points are consistent with the theoretical short-run phillips curve, but not with the long-run phillips curve.
The theoretical short-run Philips curve fits these points, but not the long-run Philips curve.
The Phillips curve says that unemployment and inflation go in the opposite direction. When unemployment goes down, inflation goes up, and vice versa.
In the 20th century, the Phillips curve was used to guide macroeconomic policy, but the stagflation of the 1970s made people question it.
In the 1960s, people thought that any kind of fiscal stimulus would increase aggregate demand and set off the next steps. As labor demand rises, companies raise pay to compete and attract a smaller pool of talent. As a result, the number of people without jobs goes down, and the labor market becomes more competitive.
Because of this belief, many governments used a "stop-go" strategy in which they set a goal rate of inflation and then used monetary and fiscal measures to grow or shrink the economy to reach the goal rate.
But as stagflation got worse in the 1970s, the consistent trade-off between inflation and unemployment broke down, making it hard to believe that the Phillips curve was right.
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if lamont receives one pass (worth $285) each month, how much of this benefit must he include in his gross income each year?
If Lamont receives one pass (worth $285) each month, the benefit must he include in his gross income each year is $ 300.
What do you mean by the gross income?The sum of an individual's earnings before taxes or other deductions is their gross income, which is sometimes referred to as their gross pay on a paycheck.
This covers earnings from all sources, not only work, and is not restricted to earnings in cash; it also covers earnings from the receipt of goods or services.
For businesses, the terms gross income, gross margin, and gross profit are equivalent.
On the income statement, a company's gross income is calculated as total revenue less cost of goods sold (COGS).
Here,
The cost of transit is pass is considered as qualified transportation fringe, Lamont can exclude $ 260 per month from his gross income as per 2018 limit and the limit was $265 for 2019.
The cost of 20 ($285 - 265) per month will be included in the gross income of Lamont total inclusion = $ 25 × 12 = $ 300.
Therefore, if Lamont receives one pass (worth $285) each month, the benefit must he include in his gross income each year is $ 300.
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