Sp3d hybridization involves the mixing of 1s orbital, 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of equal energy. They have trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The mixture of s, p and d orbital forms trigonal bipyramidal symmetry.
What is hybridization?
Hybridization, in the context of genomics, is the process by which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules combine to form a double-stranded molecule. Binding relies on proper base-pairing between the two single-stranded molecules.
Therefore, Sp3d hybridization involves the mixing of 1s orbital, 3p orbitals and 1d orbital to form 5 sp3d hybridized orbitals of equal energy. They have trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The mixture of s, p and d orbital forms trigonal bipyramidal symmetry.
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in nature the alkali metals are found only in compounds because theyselect one:a.are very reactive elements.b.each have a stable octet.c.are rare elements.d.have small atoms.
in the lewis resonance structure for carbonate ion (co32-) in which the central c atom is singly bonded to each of the three o atoms, what is the formal charge on the central c atom?
The formal charge on the central C atom will be Zero(0).
In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.
The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in a simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms.
According to Formula of formula charge, V = Valence electrons, N= No. of lone electrons and B = Bonding electrons.
q = V-N-B/2
q = 4 - 1 - 6/2
q = 0
Therefore, formula charge on Central Carbon atom will be 0.
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what is the activation energy (in kj) of a reaction whose rate constant increases by a factor of 100 upon increasing the temperature from 300 k to 360 k?
The activation energy of a reaction is ~ 69KJ/mol, at the given temperature.
What is Activation energy?The smallest additional amount of energy that a reactive molecule needs in order to transform into a product is known as activation energy. The minimal amount of energy required to activate or energize molecules or atoms so that they can engage in a chemical reaction or transformation is another way to put it.
What is Temperature?
The concept of temperature is used to convey quantitatively how hot and cold something is. Using a thermometer, one can measure, temperature.
Calculations:
Given,
K2 = 100K1
T1 = 300
T2 = 360
Now,
We know that,
ln K2/K1 = Ea/R * {(1/T1) - (1/T2)}
ln 100K1/K1 = Ea/R * {(1/300) - (1/360)}
Ea= ln 100K1/K1 * R/{(1/300) - (1/360)}
Ea ~ 69KJ/mol.
Hence, the activation energy of a reaction is ~ 69KJ/mol, at the given temperature.
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devise a synthesis of ch3ch2c≡cch2ch2oh using ch3ch2ch═ch2 as the starting material. you may use any other organic compounds or inorganic reagents. be sure to answer all parts.
The compound CH₃CH₂C≡CCH₂OH is synthesized from CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂ is formed by deprotonation reaction followed by a substitution reaction. The synthesis reaction takes place in the presence of NaH and 1-bromohexane.
In the first step of synthesis, acetylene reacts with sodium hydride to produce a strong nucleophile acetylide anion.
A bimolecular reaction is described as the chemical combination of two molecular entities in a reaction that can be considered either reversible or irreversible in nature. The biomolecular reaction can involve two chemically distinct molecules, e.g., A + B, or two identical molecules, e.g., A + A.
In the second step of synthesis, acetylide anion gives a substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction with 1-bromohexane to produce the required structure.
So a combination of deprotonation and substitution reaction yield the given compound CH₃CH₂C≡CCH₂OH.
All the steps included in synthesis are shown below in the image attached.
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What is a transitioning process?
A transition process is the when the substances changes from the one states to the other states.
The phase transition is the process when substances changers its states. the substance changes between the three states in six ways are :
1) melting : when the substances changes from the solid states to the liquid states.
2) freezing : in this transition the liquid phase changes to the solid phase.
3) evaporating : In this phase transition the liquids changes to the vapor phase.
4) condensing : This phase transition occurs when the gas changes to the liquid.
5) sublimation : the process of changing the solid phase into the liquid phase.
6) deposition : in this transition the gas phase changes to the solid phase.
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a stock solution of 1.00 m nacl is available. how many milliliters are needed to make 100.0 ml of 0.750 m
75 milliliters of stock solution are needed to make 100.0 mL of 0.750 M.
What is the stock solution?
To make a stock solution, weigh out the proper amount of a pure solid or measure out the proper amount of a pure liquid, put it in the right flask, and then dilute it to the desired volume.
NaCl stock solution is, S1 = 1.00 M.
NaCl is, S2 = 0.750 M.
NaCl is, V2 = 100 mL.
Consider, the required volume of NaCl stock solution to make the desired solution is, V1
According to the dilution law,
S1V1 = S2V2
Where, S1 = Initial strength, V1 = Initial volume, S2 = Final strength and V2 = Final volume.
So, 1.00 M *V1 = 0.750 M * 100 mL
V1 = ( 0.750 M * 100 mL) / 1.00 M = 75 mL
Therefore, 75 milliliters of stock solution are needed to make 100.0 mL of 0.750 M.
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_____preservatives commonly used to slow the development of off-flavors, odors, and color changes caused by oxidation.
In order to prevent or delay the onset of rancidity brought on by oxidation, antioxidants are frequently utilized as preservatives in foods that contain fat. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherols are examples of natural antioxidants (vitamin E).
Which of the following is a typical preservative used to prevent the emergence of off flavors, smells, and color changes?Additionally, nitrite helps cured meat take on flavor and color while delaying the onset of rancidity, off flavors, and off odors during storage. The characteristic pink hue of cured meats is brought on by nitrite.
In this quiz, you'll learn how to define the process of a material mixing with oxygen?a chemical reaction in which an object combines with oxygen; electrons are lost in oxidation processes.
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How do you calculate gas density?
The gas density is determined by dividing its mass by volume. The mass of the gas occupying a specific volume at a given pressure and temperature is referred to as the gas density.
Given the other two measurements, the density formula can be changed to compute mass or volume. d = M/V, where density is d, mass is M, and volume is V, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimeter is a common unit of measurement of density. The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) and the density formula are typically combined to determine the density of a gas. The Greek letter ρ stands for density. From the formula above, V=nRT/P and n=m/M, which indicates density density = MP/RT where P = pressure. M= mass Temperature is T and R = rate
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what is the concentration of a solution formed by diluting 25.0 ml of a 3.2 m nacl solution to 135.0 ml?
The concentration of the solution created by diluting 25.0 ml of a 3.2 m nacl solution to 135.0 m is 0.59 M NaCl.
What exactly is the solution?A homogenous combination of one or more solutes that have been dissolved in a solvent is known as a solution. The material that a solute dissolves in to create a homogenous mixture is known as a solvent.
What does a mixture's solution mean?When two compounds are combined, they dissolve one another to form a solution. The term "solute" refers to the material that dissolves. Solvent is the name given to the material that does not dissolve. Salt water is a kind of solution.
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how does the current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compare to concentrations in the past 800,000 years (from ice core data)?
The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is higher than at any point in the last 800,000 years.
An electric current is a circulation of charged particles, including electrons or ions, shifting thru an electrical conductor or space. Its miles are measured because of the net fee of drift of electric fee through a floor or into a managed extent.
The current is one of the most important and essential elements within electric and electronic technology. The contemporary flowing in a circuit may be utilized in an expansion of ways from generating warmness to inflicting circuits to replace, or information to be saved in an included circuit.
Current is decided by the number of electrons passing through a cross-section of a conductor.
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For the reaction 2 h2 + o2 --> 2 h2o how many grams of water are produced from 6. 00 moles of hydrogen h2?.
For the reaction 2 h2 + o2 --> 2 h2o 12 moles of water are produced from 6. 00 moles of hydrogen h2.
Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that basically involves using relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data. In Greek language, stoikhein means element and metron means measure, so stoichiometry literally translated means the measure of elements.
The stoichiometric coefficients attributed to each compound in the balanced chemical equation can be thought of as moles of reactants that are needed or moles of products formed in the reaction.
In our case, the balanced chemical equation for this synthesis reaction looks like as follows;
[tex]2H_{2}[/tex] (g) + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]2H_{2}O[/tex]
to produce 2 moles of water we need only 1 mole of oxygen.
This tells you that the reaction produces twice as many moles of water as you have moles of oxygen gas that take part in the reaction.
You know that your reaction uses 6.0 moles of oxygen. So, the moles of water produce is 12 mole Assuming that hydrogen gas is not a limiting reagent, you can say that the reaction will produce
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A flexible container contain 37. 4 gram of oxygen ga at a preure of 890. 0 mmHg and a temperature of 55. 00 oC. What i the volume of the ga in the container in L?
After solving the equation the volume of the gas in the container is 26.6L.
What is ideal gas law?
Pressure times volume are equal to moles times the universal gas constant times temperature, according to the ideal gas law formula.
PV=nRT
where P is for pressure
n = number of moles, where V = volume
T stands for temperature.
R is the gas constant
Energy units per temperature increase per mole are measured by the gas constant R. It is sometimes referred to as the molar gas constant, the ideal gas constant, and the universal gas constant.
Depending on the units you use in your computation, the gas constant R has a different value.
To convert degree celcious to kelvin, 55degree C+273= 328K
To convert pressure from mmHg to atm= 890/760=1.17atm
Number of moles of oxygen= 37.04/32=1.16mol
V= nRT/P
=1.16*0.0821*328/1.17
=26.6L
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What are the effects of calcium chloride on the properties of concrete?
Answer:
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has the ability to accelerate cement hydration and reduce set time by as much as two thirds. Research has shown that a 2% addition rate has an equivalent cure strength at 50°F as plain concrete at 70°F.
Explanatio n:
PLEASE HELP: Explain why most substances are carbon compounds?
Answer:
The reason is carbon's ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself.
Explanation:
This property allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules. In fact, there are nearly 10 million carbon-based compounds in living things!
Answer:
Explanation:
The reason is that carbon is able to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself, which allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules.
If pressure is kept constant, to compress nitrogen at 2 atm from 750 ml to 500 ml, what must the new pressure be?.
The pressure of the gas is 1.5 atm that can be calculated by using Boyles' law.
The given quantities,
Initial Volume (V₁) = 750 ml
Final Volume (V₂) = 500 ml
Initial Pressure (P₁) = 1 atm
Final Pressure (P₂) = ?
(500 ml) / (1000 ml / 1 L)
= 0.500 L
Use Boyle's Law to find the final pressure of the gas.
P₂ = P₁V₁ / V₂
P₂ = (1)(0.750) / (0.500)
P₂ = 0.75 / 0.500
P₂ = 1.5 atm
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does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of copper(ii) acetate and chromium(iii) bromide are combined? yesno if a reaction does occur, write the net ionic equation.
When aqueous solutions of copper(ii) acetate and chromium(iii) bromide are mixed, does a reaction occur? If a reaction occurs, put down the net ionic equation.
Yes, it is.
3Cu(CH3COO)2 +2CrBr3 —> 3CuBr2 + 2Cr(CH3COO)3
What exactly is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances into another.
It is a reaction with two displacements.
What exactly is the Double Displacement reaction?
A salt metathesis reaction, also known as a double displacement reaction, is a chemical reaction that involves the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species, producing products having comparable or equal bonding affiliations.
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In a chemical reaction, one or more reactants are changed into one or more products, which are then changed back into one or more reactants. For instance, the chemical reaction between oxygen and magnesium results in the formation of white magnesium oxide powder. 2Mg+O2→2MgO.
What is the short definition of a chemical reaction?
Chemical reaction illustration
In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products.
What does the Double Displacement reaction exactly entail?
A salt metathesis reaction, often referred to as a double displacement reaction, is a chemical process in which bonds between two chemical species are exchanged, resulting in the production of compounds with comparable or equal bonding affiliations.
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Arrange the boiling points of the aqueous solutions, relative to pure water. Assume complete dissociation for the ionic compounds.
The boiling points are arranged from highest to lowest as follows:
0.18m CaI₂
0.12 m KI
H₂O
0.30 m NH₃
0.37m C₂H₅OH
what is the boiling point?Boiling point is the temperature at which the pressure in the system equals atmospheric pressure. This temperature varies from liquid to liquid and can be used to identify what a particular liquid is.
It should be noted here that the boiling point elevation of a substance is a collective property. This means that the amount of material present is important. Therefore, to know how the boiling points of different substances change, we need to consider the number of particles that are in the system.
Aqueous solutions are homogeneous mixtures of matter and water.
Ionic compounds are neutral compounds. Ionic compounds are formed from cations and anions.
your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
Arrange the boiling points of the aqueous solutions, relative to pure water. Assume complete dissociation for the ionic compounds.
0.12 m KI0.37 m C₂H₅OH0.30 m NH₃0.18 CaI₂H₂OLearn more about colligative properties: brainly.com/question/10323760
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find the binding energy of carbon-12 per nucleon. the mass of a proton is 1.007276 u, of a neutron 1.008665 u, and of carbon 11.996706 u.
For C12 and C13, the binding energy per nucleon is 7.68 MeV and 7.47 MeV, respectively. The power needed to take a neutron out of C13 is
What is a carbon-12 nucleus' charge?The total net charge of neutral carbon-12 (or any carbon atom) is zero because it contains 6 electrons with a total net charge of 6e- circling a nucleus with a total net charge of 6e+. The six protons and six neutrons that make up the nucleus each have an electric charge of e+.
For 6C12 nucleons, the binding energy per nucleon is 7.68MeV.
The satellite's total energy, also known as the binding energy of the satellite, is the product of its kinetic energy and potential energy.
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which compound should have the largest lattice energy? which compound should have the largest lattice energy? nai kf sri2 mgo cacl2
Among the following compounds, magnesium oxide compound has the largest lattice energy.
What is lattice energy?
The amount of energy released when ions unite to form ionic solids, or the amount of energy needed to separate a compound into its ions, is known as lattice energy.
Lattice energy is influenced by two factors:
ion charge (greater the charge higher is the lattice energy)the ion's size (smaller the size of ion greater is the lattice energy)K has a charge of +1, and Mg has a charge of +2 in KCl and MgO. Additionally, K + has a greater ionic radius than Mg +2. Therefore, when both components are included, MgO has a larger lattice energy than KCl.
Therefore, magnesium oxide compound has the largest lattice energy.
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The sugars produced by photosynthesis are stored and later may be consumed by an organism such as a deer, mouse, or human. The chemical energy in the stored sugars is an example of.
The sugars produced by photosynthesis are stored. The chemical energy in the stored sugars is an example of chemical reactions.
One or more substances (the reactants) change into one or more new substances through a chemical reaction (the products). Chemical parts or chemical elements make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products. Chemical reactions are fundamental to life itself, as well as to technology and culture. The burning of fuels, the smelting of iron, the creation of glass and pottery, the brewing of beer and wine, and the production of cheese are a few examples of ancient processes that involved chemical reactions. The Earth's geology, atmosphere, oceans, and a variety of intricate processes that take place in all living systems are rife with chemical reactions.
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How many bonds will phosphorus form?
Answer:
In both the red and the black forms, each phosphorus atom forms three single bonds, which are spread apart sufficiently to be relatively strain free.
what happens during radioactive decay? group of answer choices a stable isotope of one element changes into a new isotope of a different element a stable isotope of one element changes into a new isotope of the same element an unstable isotope of one element changes into a new isotope of a different element an unstable isotope of one element changes into a new isotope of the same element
They emit ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, and/or gamma rays) that has the property of releasing energy. Because it has the potential to dislodge firmly bound electrons from an atom's orbit, the energy is known as ionizing radiation.
In plain English, what is radioactive decay?a radioactive process where a nucleus spontaneously splits, loses electrons, or undergoes fission while also emitting radiation.
What is lost when radioactive material decays?Some of the mass of uranium nuclei is transformed into kinetic energy during radioactive decay (the energy of the moving particles).
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Why is the transition phase important?
Answer:
Explanation:
The transition phase allows for full and extensive muscular regeneration and mental recuperation. It can last from 2-4 weeks, but sometimes needs to be longer if the athlete is experiencing overtraining symptoms.
The compound ammonium sulfate consists of two ions, nh4 and so42–, both of which are ions. a molecule of the compound consists of nh4 ion(s) and so42– ion(s).
The compound ammonium sulfate consists of two ions, NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻, both of which are Polyatomic ions. A molecule of the compound consists of two NH₄⁺ ion(s) and one SO₄²⁻ ion(s).
Each ion in the ammonium and sulfate compounds has more than one atom. Therefore, the two species are polyatomic. For instance, the chloride ion is monoatomic.
The charge of the ions is indicated by superscripts above their equations. The charge of each ammonium ion is positive one (+1). The charge of each sulfate ion is negative two (-2).
An ionic substance is ammonium sulfate. Countless ammonium ions and sulfate ions can be found in this molecule. Three-dimensional lattices are used to organize the ions. As a result, unlike water, ammonium sulfate does not exist in nature as molecules.
assuming that the second and third blanks refer to an ammonium sulfate formula unit rather than a molecule. The ammonium sulfate empirical formula provides the smallest whole-number ratio between the two ions in a sample.
Charges between the two ions must be equal. Ions of ammonium have a charge of 1. Sulfate ions have a negative charge. As a result, the sample must have two ammonium ions for every sulfate ion.
As a result, is the empirical formula for ammonium sulfate.
Each formula unit of ammonium sulfate thus contains two ammonium ions and one sulfate ion.
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a gas cylinder contains 1.0 mole of helium at a temperature of 20 degrees celsius. a second cylinder contains 1.0 mole of neon at 20 degrees celsius. the helium atoms are moving with a higher average speed, but the gas pressure in the two containers is the same. explain how this is possible.
Summarizing this information we see that the helium atoms collide with the partitions 5√ time greater often, however every collision is 5√ instances weaker.
Consequently, the pressures exerted via way of means of the 2 exclusive gases are the same. Volume. Pressure is likewise suffering from the quantity of the field.
If the quantity of a field is decreased, the fueloline molecules have much less area wherein to transport around. As a result, they'll strike the partitions of the field greater often, and the stress increase.
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calculate the number of moles of electrons passed in an electrolytic cell when a current of 25 amps is applied for 6.0 hours
1.24×10−2 mole is the number of moles of electrons passed in an electrolytic cell when a current of 25 amps is applied for 6.0 hours.
What is electron?
Electrons belong to the first generation of the leptonic family of particles and are generally considered elementary particles because they have no known composition or substructure.
Therefore, 1.24×10−2 mole is the number of moles of electrons passed in an electrolytic cell when a current of 25 amps is applied for 6.0 hours. Electrons belong to the first generation of the leptonic family of particles and are generally considered elementary particles because they have no known composition or substructure.
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What are the three basic transition effects?
The three basic phase transition effects are : melting , freezing and evaporation .
The three basic phase transition effects are :
1) melting : the change in the solid state to the liquid state is called as the melting. the example of the melting is the when ice change to water.
2) freezing : This phase transition occurs when the liquid phase changes in to the solid phase . the example of freezing is the when water changes to the ice form.
3) evaporation : This phase transition occurs when the change in liquid states to gas states takes place.
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which gas has the fastest gas particles assuming they are at the same temperature nitrogen, oxygen or chlorine
NH3 has the least molar mass, it'll diffuse faster than the others.
What is Molar Mass?
We all wish to know how many molecules are there in a given material. Atoms and molecules are very small in both size and mass. One sample mole's weight is the molar mass. To get the molar mass, connect the atomic masses (atomic weights) of each atom in the molecule. Using the mass listed in the Periodic Table or Atomic Weight Table, determine the atomic mass for each element.
Typically, molar mass is stated in either grammes (g) or kilogrammes (kg) (kg).
The diffusion rate of a particular gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of that gas.
As for molar masses go,
NH3= 17gm/mol
O2= 32 gm/mol
N2= 28gm/mol
CO2= 44gm/mol
NH3 has the least molar mass, it'll diffuse faster than the others.
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When the lobes of two p orbitals are in the same phase and overlap side-by-side, the orbital that is formed has a _____ dissociation energy compared to the σ∗ molecular orbital formed from the out-of-phase direct overlap of the two p orbitals.
When the lobes of two p orbitals are in the same phase and overlap side-by-side, the orbital that is formed has a π bond dissociation energy compared to the σ∗ molecular orbital formed from the out-of-phase direct overlap of the two p orbitals.
The atoms combine by colliding with each other. This situation basically refers to the process in which the two atoms comes so close to each other that they can penetrate each other’s orbital and form a new hybridized orbital where the bonding pair of electrons reside. This hybridized orbital has usually lower energy than the atomic orbital and hence they are stable. It is in the minimum energy state. This partial penetration of the orbital is known as orbital overlap.
The molecular bond angles were explained through the directional properties of the bond. The molecule of hydrogen is formed by the overlap of 1s orbital in head-on collision. or we can say that he sigma bonds that are formed are basically because of the head on overlap.
When two atoms come in contact with each other to form a bond, their overlap can be positive, negative or even zero depending upon the phase and sign of the two interacting orbitals. Or we can also say that when two orbitals overlap with each other in sidewise or lateral manner the bond formed will be a pi-bond.
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Infrared spectroscopy is particularly good at detecting functional groups such as?
Infrared spectroscopy is particularly good at detecting functional groups such as hydroxy, amine, and carbonyl.
Spectroscopy is the study of how light and other radiation are absorbed and emitted by matter, and how this depends on the wavelength of the radiation. The study of interactions between particles like electrons, protons, and ions as well as their interactions with other particles as a function of their collision energy has been added to the definition more recently. The most fundamental physics theories, such as quantum mechanics, the special and general theories of relativity, and quantum electrodynamics, have all benefited greatly from spectroscopic analysis. Scientific understanding of the electromagnetic force as well as the strong and weak nuclear forces has been greatly aided by the use of spectroscopy in high-energy collisions.
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