Events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells are.
d. Oval window vibrates
e. Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the Scala vestibuli
a. Basilar membrane moves up and down
c. Inner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membrane
f. Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open potassium channels
b. Potassium ions enter hair cell causing depolarization
In general mechanical vibrations in the stapes at the basal plate of oval window creates the pressure and waves in the perilymph of the Scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
Thus ,these waves are responsible in moving around the tip of the cochlea through the helicotrema at the place of scala tympani and deplete when they hit window.
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hich statement best describes the percentage of plagioclase feldspars in a sample of gabbro? * 2 points a. gabbro always contains less plagioclase than pyroxene b. gabbro contains no plagioclase feldspars c. plagioclase feldspars always make up 25% of a gabbro sample d. the percentage of plagioclase feldspar in gabbro can vary
The statement that best describes the percentage of plagioclase feldspar in gabbro samples is that the percentage of plagioclase feldspar in gabbro can vary.
The true choice is D
Gabbro is a deep igneous rock, generally black, its minerals are coarse to medium-grained, and its specific gravity is 2.9 -3.21. The composition and percentage of its forming minerals is plagioclase (labradorite or bytownite) 70-45%, mafis minerals 2-50%, So the percentage varies.
The structure of the gabbro rock is massive, there are no cavities or air holes, or cracks. These rocks are fresh and have never been exposed to endogenous forces that can leave cracks in the rock. This rock has a faneric texture because the minerals can be seen directly with eye and large minerals indicate that these minerals were formed at a relatively slow freezing temperature so that the minerals form in large sizes.
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select the part whose main job is to control which substances enter and leave an animal cell.
The part of the cell responsible for controlling which substances enter and leave an animal cell is the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and acts as a gatekeeper, allowing certain substances to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. It is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which contains proteins that act as channels and pumps to regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
The cell membrane is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of the cell, as it allows the cell to take in nutrients, eliminate waste, and communicate with other cells. It also provides structural support and helps to protect the cell from damage.
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if you were given a microscopic organism and asked to determine whether it is a eukaryotic how would you do it
Answer: You will know the cell you are looking at under the microscope is a eukaryote if you see a nucleus. This is the main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Explanation:
which team member typically prepares and stains sections of body tissue so that other team members can study its cellular composition?
Cytotechnologist (CT) The preparation and examination of samples of cells from body tissue is the responsibility of cytotechnologists, trained laboratory technologists.
To look for signs of malignant cells, precancerous cells, and infectious disorders, cytotechnologists (CTs) study tissue samples in lab settings. CT scans search for cellular anomalies and aid medical professionals and pathologists in making a microscopic pathology diagnosis. The cytotechnologist examines the cytoplasm and nucleus of dye-stained cells for indications of illness.
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Ocean fish live in an extremely salty environment where there is a higher concentration of salts in their surroundings than inside their cells. This means that salt wants to enter the cells of ocean fishes.
How do ocean fish maintain homeostasis within their cells with regards to salt concentrations?
Chloride cells in the gills of marine fish produce an "enzyme", called gill Na+/K+ ATPase, that enables them to rid their plasma of excess salt, which builds up when they drink sea water. They use the enzyme to pump sodium out of their gills at the cost of energy.
a gram stain performed on sputum specimen revealed gram-negative diplococci within pmns. oxidase testing is positive and carbohydrate degradation tests are inert. the organism is:
Dacron or rayon swabs should be used instead of cotton swabs because calcium alginate inhibits N. gonorrhea growth. Performing a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for gonorrhea This is the preferred test for gonorrhea infection because it can identify the genetic material (DNA) of the gonorrhea bacteria.
The gram-negative diplococcus bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is closely related to other human Neisseria species, is the prevalent STI that causes gonorrhea. Women are frequently asymptomatic but may experience vaginal discharge, whereas men typically present with urethral discharge. Using a urine sample or a swab collected from a possible infection location, this kind of test can be conducted.
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what kinds of cells engulf whatever foreign cells and molecules they encounter and recognize?
Phagocytic cells engulf whatever foreign cells and molecules they encounter and recognize.
What exactly are phagocytic cells?A particular immune cell type that can encircle and eliminate pathogens, consume foreign objects, and eliminate dead cells. Additionally, it can strengthen immunological responses. Phagocytes include neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. A specific class of white blood cell is called a phagocyte.
Which three phagocytic cell kinds are there?They play a significant role in the innate immune system. Monocytes and macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells are the three primary types of phagocytes, and each has a unique role to play in the body.
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When the energy is released in the form of heat and light we call it *?
When the energy is released in the form of heat and light it is commonly referred as fire or chemical energy.
Chemical energy is defined as the energy contained in the bonds of chemical substances such as atoms and molecules. When a chemical reaction occurs, this energy is released. When chemical energy is released from a material, it is usually converted into an entirely new substance.
Chemical energy is contained in the bonds that link atoms and molecules together. Chemical energy is a type of potential energy since it is stored. The accumulated chemical energy is released when a chemical reaction occurs.
Heat is frequently created as a byproduct of a chemical process, which is referred to as an exothermic reaction. Chemical energy is the most extensively utilized sort of energy in the world since it is essential to human and natural life.
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the peripheral nervous system includes: group of answer choices only spinal nerves. only spinal nerves and their branches. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches.
Peripheral nervous system refers to the parts of the nervous system that are not located in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as the peripheral nervous system.
The peripheral nerves, neuromuscular connections, spinal nerves, their roots, and branches are all included. It includes all the nerves and neurons that are not part of the brain or spinal cord
The tissue that connects the skull and spinal cord to the rest of the body outside of those two structures forms the peripheral nervous system. Because it is constructed at the borders or limitations of the nervous system, it is known as peripheral. They are all ganglia, which are nerves made by satellite and Schwan cells. It is extremely brittle, and if the spinal cord or the brain are injured, these edges lose connections.
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the ______ is located within the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
The frontal lobe of the brain's precentral gyrus contains the primary motor cortex.
What part of movement can the motor cortex play?The cortex's primary function is to send signals that regulate how the body moves. It belongs to the frontal lobe and is located before the central sulcus.
Which muscles is the premotor cortex in charge of?An additional feature of this area is a motor homunculus, which is an inverted image of the other half of the body. Therefore, the upper half of the motor cortex stimulates leg movements, whereas the bottom section of the motor cortex stimulates facial motions.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLEST!! Which statements are true of oxygen in cellular respiration? Select all that apply. Combines with H+ ions to make water Combines with H+ ions to make water Makes CO2Makes cap c cap o sub 2 Needed for glycolysis to occur Needed for glycolysis to occur Needed in the ETC to collect electrons Needed in the ETC to collect electrons Makes ATP Makes ATP
The statements combines with proton hydrogen ions to make water and needed in the ETC to collect electrons are true about oxygen in cellular respiration (Options A and D).
What is the cellular process of cellular respiration?The cellular process of cellular respiration is a pathway used by organisms to generate ATP (which is the energy coin of the cells) in aerobic conditions, i.e., in presence of oxygen.
During the oxidative phosphorylation step of the cellular respiration chemical pathway, more specifically in the electron transport chain (ETC process), oxygen molecules function as the final electron acceptor in order to generate water in presence of hydrogen protons.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cellular process of cellular respiration is based on the presence of oxygen which acts as an electron acceptor during the step of oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain of this process.
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__________ is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A homeobox is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A homeobox is referred to a type of genetic sequence that is highly conserved and is usually found in plants and animals and also in several forms of fungi. This type of genetic sequence are usually found in those organisms where the regulation of patterns within the genes occur. Thus they can also be found in single cell Eukaryotes. The regulation within this sequence occurs in the early stages of the development of the Embryo. The structural composition of a Homeobox consists of longs chains of amino acids and it has a three alpha helical structure. Mutation is also possible in these genetic sequences.
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in lake tanganyika in africa, many species of cichilds evolved from a common ancestor. what process has occured
The process that occurred among cichlids in this lake is Sympatric speciation. The correct option is C.
Sympatric speciation happens when all members of a species are located close to one another and there are no physical obstacles prohibiting any of them from mating with one another. A brand-new species, perhaps based on a distinct food supply or physical characteristic. Three different gene types—habitat preference genes, assortative mating genes, and habitat-based fitness genes—have been hypothesized to support sympatric speciation. Sympatric speciation is the theory that some animals and plants diverged while coexisting. A common ancestor of several cichlid species lived in Lake Tanganyika in Africa. There was sympatric speciation among the cichlids in this lake. According to the sympatric speciation theory, population mutations enable individuals to take advantage of various circumstances while still existing in the same environment.
The complete question is:
In lake Tanganyika in Africa, many species of cichlids evolved from a common ancestor. what process has occurred:
a. Genetic drift
b. Mass extinction
c. Sympatric speciation
d. Allopatric speciation
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micro lab final what types of conditions promote bacterial growth? what types of conditions inhibit bacterial growth?
A source of energy, nutrition, and the right environmental conditions are necessary for bacteria growth.
Although bacteria can survive at higher and lower temperatures than humans, they thrive in an environment that is warm, wet, protein-rich, and pH neutral or slightly acidic. While certain bacteria can survive in extremely hot or cold environments, others can endure excessively acidic or salty environments. These include a certain pH, temperatures, moisture, and oxygen. Although many bacteria prefer warm conditions, some can survive in both low and high temperatures. The majority of bacteria need moisture or access to water to flourish. Although bacteria can survive at higher and lower temperatures than humans, they thrive in an environment that is warm, wet, protein-rich, and pH neutral or slightly acidic.
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On Isle Royale, if the moose population is very high, what would you expect to see with regard to other populations?
Increasing wolf population
decreasing tick population
increasing tree ring width
all of the above
none of the above
Option a.) increasing wolf population is the correct answer because, with more than 50 years spent studying Isle Royale wolves and if the moose population is very large.
The study is the world's longest-running study of predator-prey systems. A parvovirus in dogs accidentally introduced by humans caused the wolf population to collapse in 1980. In 1996, the harshest winter on record and an unexpected moose tick outbreak decimated the moose population. Extreme levels of inbreeding among wolves declined when wolves migrated from Canada in the late 1990s. Correspondingly, wolf populations increased in the early 21st century, despite a general decline in elk.
The most important events of the chronology were largely unpredictable.
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Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division.
The main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, which regulates smooth muscle contraction and blood vessel dilatation and decreases heart rate, is acetylcholine, a chemical produced by neurons. The central nervous system is filled with cholinergic neurons, which emit the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In the membranes of the rat corpus striatum, choline promotes the release of acetylcholine and guards against the stimulation-induced drop in phosphatide levels. Acetylcholine, which is generated by the sympathetic splanchnic neurons, activates chromaffin cell membrane nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which release catecholamines into the bloodstream to prepare for the fight-or-flight response.
Hence, acetylcholine is chemical messenger in nervous system.
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In fruit flies, straight wings are dominant and curly wings are recessive. What will the generations look like?.
In fruit flies, straight wings are dominant and curly wings are recessive, the generations look like as;
The P generation has straight wings and curly wings.
The F1 generation has all straight wings.
The F2 generation has straight wings and curly wings.
When it comes to fruit flies, having straight wings is the dominant trait, whereas having curly wings is the recessive trait. If Mendel's method of crossing two true-breed parents with opposite traits is used, the generations will look like this: The P generation has wings that are both straight and curly. The wings of the F1 generation all have a straight profile. Both straight and curly wings are available on the F2 generation.
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the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ans have the same effect on most body organ systems.
Many organs are controlled primarily by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division.
Sometimes two divisions have opposite effects on the same organ.
For example, sympathetic division increases blood pressure, and the parasympathetic division decreases it
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred to as fight-or-flight response.
The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) generally has opposite effect and relaxes body and inhibits or slows many high energy functions
The autonomic nervous system controls internal body processes such as following:
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Laboratory rats were breed to produce large populations of black mice. Black is the dominant allele; white is the recessive allele. If four pairs of lab rats, with the genotypes seen here, breed and reproduce, producing 624 offspring, how many are predicted to be black? Explain your answer using the law of dominance.
According to the scenario, there are 468 rats that are predicted to be black in color due to the law of dominance.
What is the law of dominance?The law of dominance states that when two alternative forms of a trait or character are present in an organism, only one factor expresses itself in the F1 progeny and is called dominant while the other that remains masked is called recessive.
According to the question, the genotypes of the initial parents are found to be BB and bb. They produce the F1 offspring with the genotype Bb and have a phenotypic expression of black. Now, if these heterozygotes rats were selfed with each other. Out of 624, about 25% of them are white in color and the rest, i.e. 468 have black color.
Therefore, there are 468 rats that are predicted to be black in color due to the law of dominance.
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which statement describes the way in which phosphorylation directly contributes to signal transduction?
Proteins can connect with new binding partners thanks to phosphorylation, which modifies the structure of the protein.
Phosphorylation sites are created by protein kinases (also known as "writers"), frequently have an impact after being recognized by phospho-binding proteins (also known as "readers"), and are afterwards eliminated by protein phosphatases (also known as "erasers").
This writer-reader-eraser toolbox has been crucial in the evolution of new functionalities necessary for the development of multicellular organisms and enables phosphorylation events to control a wide range of regulatory activities. Typically modular in organization, the proteins that make up this system of protein kinases, phospho-binding targets, and phosphatases are made up of several globular domains and smaller peptide motifs having binding or catalytic capabilities.
Through genetic recombination, the linking of these binding and catalytic modules in novel ways, as well as the choice of certain domain combinations, have aided in the emergence of new, physiologically advantageous processes. Conversely,
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a hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: group of answer choices leukocytosis. anemia. leukemia. polycythemia.
A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of Polycythemia.
So the correct answer is option B.
The relationship between familial hemochromatosis and polycythemia has been studied . It is believed that in this instance, polycythemia results from an increase in iron absorption by erythroid precursor cells as a result of greater transferrin saturation levels.
The bone marrow cells frequently produce an abnormally high number of red blood cells as a result of a JAK2 gene mutation. People with PV may also have unusually high numbers of platelets and white blood cells because the damaged bone marrow cells may be able to grow into other blood cells.
Obesity, smoking, binge drinking, and the use of certain drugs, including diuretics, are typical causes of apparent polycythaemia.
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In the classification of living organisms, which of the following is an example of a domain?
Animalia
Bacteria
Fungi
Protista
Write a paragraph of at least 200 words to describe the viral replication cycle. Be sure to discuss the difference between a lytic cycle and a lysogenic cycle.
Answer:
on it
Explanation:
In general terms, virus replication involves three broad stages which are present in all viruses: initiation of infection, replication and expression of the genome, and the release of mature virions from the infected cell.The two types of viral replications are the Lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. Viruses attach themselves to the host cells and inject their DNA into the lytic cycle. Using the host cell's metabolism, the viral DNA replicates and forms proteins.The seven stages of virus replication are categorized as follows:
Attachment.
Penetration.
Uncoating.
Replication.
Assembly.
Maturation.
Release.
Replication: After the viral genome has been uncoated, transcription or translation of the viral genome is initiated. It is this stage of viral replication that differs greatly between DNA and RNA viruses and viruses with opposite nucleic acid polarity.Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting new hosts.The two types of viral replications are the Lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. Viruses attach themselves to the host cells and inject their DNA into the lytic cycle. Using the host cell's metabolism, the viral DNA replicates and forms proteins.There are two processes used by viruses to replicate: the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. Some viruses reproduce using both methods, while others only use the lytic cycle.
the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ans have the same effect on most body organ systems. t or f
The two divisions can have opposing effects on the same organ. As an illustration, the sympathetic division raises blood pressure whereas the parasympathetic division lowers it.
What role does the parasympathetic system play?The sympathetic system is what drives the "fight or flight" reaction in stressful situations, while the parasympathetic rules in peaceful "rest and digest" settings. The PNS's primary duties include controlling biological processes like digestion and urine as well as storing energy for later use.
Which is better, sympathetic or parasympathetic?Your autonomic nervous system's parasympathetic branch balances your sympathetic nerve system. While your parasympathetic aids in regulating your immune natural during times of rest, your sympathetic nervous system governs your body's "fight or flight" response.
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an adult elephant is much larger than a baby elephant Because it's cells are much larger?
Answer:-So beacuse the size of the cells in different organisms does not vary an elephant won't have larger cells than a rat. It has more number of cells as compared to the number of cells in a rat. But the size of the cells are same..!
The question of whether cells are bigger in larger mammals than in smaller ones — think of an elephant's liver cell compared with a liver cell from a mouse — is usually answered by saying that larger mammals don't typically have bigger cells, they just have more of them.
Animals can vary enormously in size, but they're alike in at least one way. The individual cells that compose all of their bodies--from shrews to people to dinosaurs--are roughly the same size. Big animals just have many more cells than little animals.
Cell is the basic unit of life. Yes, the cells of ant and elephant are same. All organisms are made up of cells and they are of different sizes and shapes. Size of cell does not make any difference between the ant and elephant but its the number of cells which makes such differences in their body sizes.
Explain how a signal is transmitted at a synapse and how the painkillers reduce the pain.
Synapses acting as circuit connecting the nervous system to the brain will send pain signal to the brain from the area that experiences pain and painkiller blocks the nervous system making the signal harder to reach the brain.
Under normal circumstances, whenever someone is feeling pain sensation on certain parts of his/her body, the thousand of synapses that connect neurons will allow transmission of repeated pain signals from the receptors to the brain telling the brain about the particular pain sensation.
Painkiller works on reducing pain in two ways. First, it reduces the pain by disrupting and depressing the signal transmission from the nervous system to the brain, thus making the brain received much less pain signal from the pain receptors. Secondly, painkiller such as ibuprofen attaches itself to the many pain receptors it comes across, thus blocking the pain receptors from sending pain signal to the brain.
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What Is the Term for the Contractile Response of a Single Muscle Fiber to a Single Muscle Impulse?
The term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse is called a twitch.
Twitching occurs when one of the muscle fibers contracts on command (stimulus) from the nervous system. A muscle twitch has a latent phase, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase.
The time between activation of the motor neuron until muscle contraction occurs is called the lag phase (sometimes called the latent phase). During the lag phase, signals called action potentials to travel to the ends (axon terminals) of the motor neuron. This causes a release of acetylcholine and depolarization of the motor end plate.
This next phase is called the contraction phase. During the contraction phase, a bridge is formed between actin and myosin. Myosin activates actin, releasing the cross bridges and rebuilding them repeatedly as the sarcomere shortens and the muscle contracts. In this step, ATP is consumed, and energy is released as heat.
When muscles relax, tension is released. This phase is called the relaxation phase. During this phase, calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum with the help of ATP.
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are tandemlv repeated sequences of dna also called short tandem repeats. a) vntrs b) microsatellites c) minisatellites d) telomeres e) centromere
Microsatellites and simple sequence repeats are other names for short tandem repeats (STRs),
consists of tandemly repeated DNA sequences having a repeating unit of 1-6 bp that can build series up to 100 nucleotides long (nt). Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans, frequently include STRs.
On a chromosome, a tandem repeat is a sequence of two or more DNA bases that is repeated frequently head-to-tail. Non-coding DNA frequently contains tandem repeats. Tandem repeats can occasionally be used as genetic markers to trace family ancestry.
Short tandem repeats (STRs), which make up around 3% of the human genome, are brief repeating DNA sequences (2–6 bp) (Lander et al., 2001). When evaluated for identifying purposes, the amount of repeat units is extremely variable between individuals, providing a high power of discriminating.
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If you were given a bacterial strain with a mutation in the promoter region of the trp operon the most likely effect would be?
Answer:
Explanation:
The trp operon would be expressed at maximum levels in the absence of tryptophan, since the trp repressor would be unbound and the mutant leader region would allow full expression. b) A lacI-lacZ fusion gene has been identified that produces a chimeric protein with both repressor and ß-gal function.
given that about 25% of the mammalian genome is associated with genes, including introns and regulatory sequence, what would be the approximate average length of dna per gene if the genome contained 20,000 genes?
40,000 Base Pair approximate average length of DNA per gene if the genome contained 20,000 genes.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of polynucleotide chains that coil spherically each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom, and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
In all dwelling things, DNA is vital for an inheritance, coding for proteins, and offering instructions for life and its tactics. Human cells commonly consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a complete forty-six chromosomes in every cell.
Most DNA is positioned within the cell nucleus. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the power from meals right into a shape that cells can use.
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