An absolute threshold is the smallest level of stimulus that can be detected, usually defined as at least half the time. The term is often used in neuroscience and experimental research and can be applied to any stimulus that can be detected by the human senses including sound, touch, taste, sight, and smell.
For example, in an experiment on sound detention, researchers may present a sound with varying levels of volume. The smallest level that a participant is able to hear is the absolute threshold.
However, it is important to note that at such low levels, participants may only detect the stimulus part of the time. Because of this, the absolute threshold is usually defined as the smallest level of a stimulus that a person is able to detect 50% of the time.
For hearing, the absolute threshold refers to the smallest level of a tone that can be detected by normal hearing when there are no other interfering sounds present. An example of this might be measured at what levels participants can detect the ticking sound of a clock.
Young children generally have a lower absolute threshold for sounds since the ability to detect sounds at the lowest and highest ranges tends to decrease with age.
For vision, the absolute threshold refers to the smallest level of light that a participant can detect. Determining the absolute threshold for vision might involve measuring the distance at which a participant can detect the presence of a candle flame in the dark.
For odors, the absolute threshold involves the smallest concentration that a participant is able to smell. An example of this would be to measure the smallest amount of perfume that a subject is able to smell in a large room.
The amount of force required for you to detect the feeling of a feather lightly brushing your arm is an example of the absolute threshold for touch. When it comes to touch, the level of stimulation required to detect the stimulus can vary dramatically depending upon the part of the body that is being touched.
which of the cell is concerned with cellular metabolism?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast
d. nucleolus
As mitochondria is responsible for cellular metabolism that is why, according to the question mitochondria is the correct answer.
Mitochondria is a cell organelle, originally derived from a theory called endosymbiotic theory. According to this theory, mitochondria went through endosymbiosis that is mitochondria existed as an individual bacterium and was engulfed by a higher-level cell.
Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell, as it produces all the metabolites for the cellular respiration and metabolism.
Mitochondria produces ATP by number of metabolic pathways such as - glycolysis, where the breakdown of glucose takes place, and it is metabolized into pyruvate. Tri-carboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle also known as Kreb's cycle, an eight-step pathway that uses the pyruvate from glycolysis and converts into acetyl Co-A, which gives NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain, that uses the NADH to transport electrons from highly electronegative complex to electropositive complex.
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. GENETICS
- Genes and heredity
Identification of dominant and recessive traits
Identification of the genotype and phenotype
Identification of the homozygous and heterozygous
What do Punnet square represent? How to set up a Punnet square correctly?
In order to determine whether a trait is dominant or not, you must have an organism that is known to be heterozygous. Parental phenotype that occurs in a heterozygous organism is dominant. Trait that reappear in f2 generation is recessive .
Identification of genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype, one Test cross must be done .
If an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific allele, It is needed to perform a test cross.
Punnett square is a table in which all of the possible results for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes is performed .
Punnett Square, the genotype of each parent is placed on the sides of a four chambered box. Alleles of one parents is set up on top and other placed down one side .
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Hello, can I have help with question number 11 , please? Can I all the choices for this question.
Smooth muscle has a series of characteristics that identify it, Presents a single nucleus, has a different type of myosin, they are not organized in sarcomeres therefore so they are not striated, and they generate weak membrane potentials, however, can be contracted for long periods of time and the movement is not consciously controlled. Therefore we can say that the correct answer is option b.
The plastics industry realized more than 20 years ago that recycling plastics was a necessity for our planet. Can you recognize the important facts about recycling plastics? ALL BUT ONE statement is true. That is A Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically.Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically.
B Recycled bottles and containers are used to produce lumber products that can be used as an outdoor building material.Recycled bottles and containers are used to produce lumber products that can be used as an outdoor building material.
C Every ton of plastic bottles recycled saves about 3.8 barrels of oil.Every ton of plastic bottles recycled saves about 3.8 barrels of oil.
D Because different types of plastic must be recycled separately, the numbers on plastic containers are there to help consumers and recycling centers with sorting.
The statement that is not true about recycling plastics is Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically; option A.
What are plastics?Plastics are artificially produced materials that are polymers of organic compounds usually derived from petroleum.
Plastics are non-biodegradable, hence. they contribute a lot to environmental pollution.
In order to reduce environmental pollution from plastics, the plastics industry developed a means to reuse already produced plastic to make new plastics in a process known as recycling.
Plastics marked with the #1 and #2 resin code can be recycled economically.
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during ______, dna serves as a template to assemble a strand of rna. a. transcription b. translation c. dna transfer d. transcriptional modifications e. replication
If molecules of mRNA have the following nucleotide base sequences, what will be the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides synthesized by eukaryotic ribosomes? Remember, transcription starts with an AUG codon. 1. 5′–AUGGGGAUACGCUACCCC–3′ 2. 5′–CCGUACAUGCUAAUCCCU–3′ 3. 5′–CCGAUGUAACCUCGAUCC–3′ 4. 5′–AUGCGGUCAGCCCCGUGA–3′
The mRNA is used to synthesize polypeptides in a process called translation, and for that the mRNA is interpreted as a series of groups with three nucleotides each, called codons. So for each three letters, we have a codon. The codons transcribe the following amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Selenocysteine.
The codons are organized in a chart, as the one that follows:
As the translation starts with an AUG codon, we sometimes have to leave some trios behind. The answer would be as follows:
1. AUG - met | GGG - gly | AUA - ile | CGC - arg | UAC - tyr | CCC - pro
The sequence would be MET-GLY-ILE-ARG-TYR-PRO
2. We will start only after the AUG codon
AUG - met | CUA - leu | AUC - ile | CCU - pro
The sequence would be MET-LEU-ILE-PRO
3. Again, we start after the AUG codon, and if the stop codon shows up the translation stops
The sequence would be only AUG - met | UAA - stop
MET
4. AUG - met | CGG - arg | UCA - ser | GCC - ala | CCG - pro | UGA - stop
The sequence would be MET-ARG-SER-ALA-PRO
That a grade 11 questionBACKGROUND-Q1: In your own words, discuss how the bone structure of the limbs in the cat, whale, and bat are similar to those seen in humans.BACKGROUND-Q2: In your own words, describe how the function of these homologous structures differ for each animal. What can the human hand do that the others cannot?
Q1: As we know the limbs, especially arms are homologous structures, which means that possess a common ancestor, so we can find structures that have the same origin, even when each has suffered changes accordingly to their adaptations, the origin is the same, and the same bones are present such as radius and ulna.
Q2: As we said the evolutive origin is the same, however, the function is the same, the ancestral structure suffered changes according to their own selective pressures, for example, bats possess long phalanges that allow flight, meanwhile human has opposable thumbs that allow tool management.
What is taking place in the picture belowA. Amino Acid spoolingB. TranslationC. Cellular RespirationD. Transcription
The biological process that is taking place in the picture in the question is called translation (b), meaning the event where the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (amino acids chain) that form a protein.
3. When you cut your skin, the body secretes platelets to help form a clot. Theclot formation continues until the wound is sealed.ChoosePositive feedbackNegative feedback
Clumping and creating plugs in the blood vessel injuries is the function of platelet to stop bleeding. When the skin is cut, the body starts to secrete platelet to stop the bleeding or form a clot until the wound is sealed. This is called positive feedback which contributes to the accelated formation of platelet that fill in the injured blood vessels and to prevent extreme blood loss.
what forms xylem and phloem
The vascular tissue of vascular plants is made up of various kinds of cells and components. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.
Remember that the xylem transports water and dissolved mineral salts and the phloem transports sap made by cells and by photosynthesis.
Therefore, both the xylem and phloem form the vascular tissue of plants.
Now, the formation of the xylem and phloem is given by the vascular cambium. This vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem cells and originates from procambium that has not completely differentiated during the formation of primary xylem and primary phloem.
Now, Xylem can contain three types of elongated cells: tracheids, vascular elements or vessels (tracheae), and fibers. At maturity, when they perform transport functions, all these cells are dead.
Then, the cells of Xylem are:
- Tracheids.
- Tracheas or Vessels.
The phloem consists of two types of conducting cells: sieve tubes, which are the most characteristic elements, and annex cells.
The cells of Phloem are:
- Sieve cell and sieve tubes.
- Albumin cells.
- Companion cells
We can conclude that the correct answer is:
Answer:The elements that form Phloem are:
sieve elements, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.
The elements that form Xylem are:
long tracheary elements, parenchyma, and fibers.
Which structure feature of the cell membrane allows molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into and out of the cell
In what stage of growth can hair most readily be removed from the scalp?
Answer:
The telogen phase
Explanation:
In the telogen phase, the follicle is dormant or resting. The transition period between the anagen and telogen phases is referred to as the catagen phase. Hairs are routinely lost during the telogen phase and often become a primary source of evidentiary material.
I need help with thisItem2.What is asthma? Why do we suspect that Melissa has asthma?
Asthma is a type of respiratory disease in whcih the lung's air passages become too narrow and has excessive mucus production. This will lead a person to experience difficulty of breathing, coughing, and tightness in the chest area. Asthma attacks occur when it is triggered by allergens, strenuous activities, and stress.
We can suspect that Melissa probably has asthma based on the symptoms of coughing for several days and she is experiencing difficulty in breathing.
What is the most logical explanation for why Alice saw bubbles forming in the leaves of the elodea?
In the experiment, Alice placed a sprig of Elodea in water with sodium bicarbonate as a source of carbon and then placed it under a strong light so it would photosynthesize.
Given that photosynthesis takes a carbon source, water, and light to produce glucose and oxygen, the most logical conclusion is that the bubbles are formed because the Elodea plant is releasing oxygen (option c).
What is the single source of both electrons used by AND the oxygen created by photosynthesis? During which part of the process does this occur?
Water is the single source as it provides the electrons by splitting into oxygen and hydrogen. This process happens during the light-dependent reactions.
On a piece of paper (or anything you can use to solve this) complete a monohybrid cross for Rr with Rr.how many of the offspring will be RR?
Only 1 out of four individuals from the offspring of a monohybrid cross would be RR.
I need help with this can not find answers anywhere !
Acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
Head of the radius articulates with the capitellum of the humerus.
Sternal end of clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum.
Trochlea of humerua articulates with troclhea notch of ulna.
Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of humerus.
The point at which two or more bones meet is referred to as articulation or a joint which are functioning for movement and balance.
10. Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis?A. water and glucoseB. glucose and carbon dioxideC. carbon dioxide and waterD. oxygen and water
The correct option is C. carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis formula 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
The reactants are
According to historians, when did humans FIRST become interested in fitness?
(1 point)
O a few years before the first Olympics
O ever since the beginning of civilization
after the Industrial Revolution
O once the British Empire spread across the world
According to historians, when did humans first become interested in fitness ever since the beginning of civilization after the Industrial Revolution.
When we look back at human history, there seems to be a correlation between industrial developments and fitness. Early man had no means of propulsion. Food was a task that required walking, running, and abilities that the majority of people in this modern period can hardly even imagine. Back then, what we now refer to as exercise was simply a way of life.
Our bodies started to change in the past when man made the transition from a nomadic existence as a hunter to a sedentary one as a farmer. Despite the work, only specific body areas would receive workout, and the activities became repetitious.
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use the following words in a sentence to explain how volcanoes are formed.
convect, magma, mantle, core, tectonic plates.
Explain how Harry Hess’s discovery of sea-floor spreading *positively* impacted Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. (The asterisk word is supposed to be bold and underlined but I couldn’t figure out hot to type that on here) btw this is science not biology
In Support with Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, Hess explained how the merged continents have detached into the seven different continents that exist today.
Alfred Wegener's hypothesis state that all continents exist today was attached together in primitive times and existed as supercontinent called as Pangaea . While Seafloor spreading proves that the ocean itself is a site of tectonic activity. Earth in its Shape with Seafloor spreading is just the part of tectonics movement.
Seafloor spreading also give an idea to explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures that occur in the lithosphere that caused movement.
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Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level?
a. only the transcriptional level
b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels
c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels
d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
Option D epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells.
Epigenetic modifications effect gene expression and have the ability to "turn on" and "turn off" genes, whereas hereditary changes can affect which proteins are created. Since your environment and habits, including diet and exercise, can modify your epigenome, the relationship between your genetics, actions, and environment is easy to comprehend. Epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate how an organism's genome is influenced by its environment, are molecular processes .During transcription, translation, and subsequent protein modification, which normally leads to the production of protein, the genetic information is transferred from the archival copy of DNA to short-lived messenger RNA. Even though every cell in an organism has essentially the same DNA, the qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression as well as the control of gene expression lead to the diverse cell types and functions.
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24. A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least _________dominant allele(s) present in the parent(s).A. oneB. twoC. three
A: One
If an allele is dominant, it only needs one to be the phenotype.
Draw a Punnett square to help you: A woman who is a carrier marries a normal man.a) Whats is the probability that their children will have hemophilia?b) What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be?
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that makes coagulation slower, which causes the person to bleed easily and for a more prolonged time.
The gene involved is located in the X hromosomes, so females are more likely to be just carriers, because they have two copies of the gene, while males that inherit the defective gene have only one copy, so they express the disease.
If a carrier woman has children with a healthy man, the Punnett square would be as follows:
This means that there i a 525 chance off having a daughter that is a carrier, a 25% chance ofa healthy daughter, a25% chance of a healthy son, and a 25% chance of a son w th hemophilia.
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Endotherms may use all the internal means to cool their temperature except which? A. Changes in blood flowB. PantingC. SweatingD. Sunning themselves
The correct answer is D. Sunning themselves
Sunning or sunbathing is a method used by the organism to raise its body temperature.
The options changes in blood flow, panting, and sweating are means of the endotherms to cool their body temperature.
Need to know which is the correct answer about the trailing edge for cell bio
Answer:
The answer is the first option. The trailing edge is composed of many filopodia containing tight parallel bundles. These filopodia push trailing edge away from the location it was previously occupying.
Explanation:
Cells migrating in tissues exhibit both filopodia and lamellipodia. These thin protrusive extensions are ideal for exploring and penetrating tissue spaces. They are also well suited for intercalating between cells, such as during the migration of leukocytes across endothelial layers.
Therefore the answer is the first option.
What are some disadvantages to humans and other organisms of planting one kind of tree?
Planting one kind of tree is another form of a monoculture. Monoculture hampers ecosystem functioning, as it diminishes functional biodiversity. Terrestrial ecosystems are a complex network of several species, that interact with constant feedback among themselves. Trees are primary productors, which means they produce the essential nutrients (that is, organic carbon) that other animals will use to nourish and grow. Different types of primary productors begets functional diversity of herbivores (animals that harm them) and also symbiotic diversity (organisms that benefit them). Besides this, tree's diversity promotes soil stability and function, which is critical to keep the ecosystem working in the long run. Without a proper soil, trees will eventually die, which would annhilate terrestrial biodiversity. So, monocultures are not a pretty good idea in places like tropical forest, where there are a lot of different tree species. On the contrary, in ecosystems such as pine forest, where there is one dominant tree species (which is not the same, as only one tree species, it is just that one tree species is more abundant), planting one kind of tree (the dominant one) could be a good practice to restore the ecosystem.
Answer:
Some disadvantages of planting one kind of tree include:
1. Loss of biodiversity (the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem).
2. They don't provide the necessary amount of nutrition/food.
3. It just takes up a lot of space in the future for when you could be building a farm or something.
Explanation:
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Which type of joints hold together the bones of the skull?
Most of the bones in the skull are held together by non-moving joints called sutures.
Answer:
Sutures are a type of fibrous joints (or fixed joints) that hold together the bones of the skull and don't allow the joined bones to move.
What molecule is a pigment
Answer
A molecule that absorbs light and has a color
Explanation
A pigment is a generic term for a molecule that absorbs light and has a color. Plants contain many pigments, giving rise to the various colors we see. Flowers and fruits obviously contain a large number of organic molecules that absorb light. Leaves, stems and roots also contain a variety of pigments.