Remarkably, human DNA codes for proteins only approximately 1 percent of DNA is made up of protein-coding genes; the alternative ninety-nine percent is noncoding. Noncoding DNA does now not provide commands for making proteins.
those types of sequences make up the rest of the genome genes and contain handiest about 1-2% of the 3 billion base pairs of DNA. this means that everywhere from ninety eight-99% of our whole genome needs to be doing something other than coding for proteins – scientists call this non-coding DNA
however genes as they have got traditionally been understood – as stretches of DNA that code for proteins – are only a small part of an organism's genome. In reality, they make up much less than 2% of human DNA
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Place each label in the proper position to designate the appropriate glial cell?
- form the myelin sheath in the CNS
Ependymal Cells- ciliated cells resembling epithelium
- produce and circulate CSF
Microglia- macrophages of the CNS
Astrocytes- most abundant CNS glial cells
- multi-functioning cell involved with neurogenesis, scar formation, etc.
Schwann Cells- form the myelin sheath in the PNS
- insulate neurons and enhance the rate of transmission in the PNS
Satellite Cells- surround and insulate cells of the PNS and found around the somas
Glia are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses. They are also known as glial cells (gliocytes) or neuroglia. They keep the body in balance, form myelin in the peripheral nervous system, and support and protect neurons. Glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells and satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Glial cells are far more diverse and functional than neurons, and they can respond to and manipulate neurotransmission in a variety of ways. They can also have an impact on memory preservation and consolidation.
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a fisherman collecting shellfish notices that many of them have holes or jagged edges around their shells. which statement best explains what may have caused the holes and jagged edges of the shells? coral bleaching ocean warming invasive species ocean acidification
Ocean acidification causes a decrease in the pH concentration of the oceans, mostly arises as a result of the entry of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A fisherman noticing a shellfish's shell being very small and lack the thick hard shell may be due to Ocean acidification (option A).
Ocean acidification is mainly caused by fossil fuels and leads to a decrease in the water's pH.
It also causes a reduction in the amount of carbonate, a building block of shells and skeletons in seawater.
This makes it very difficult for marine organisms, such as shell fish and corals, to form their shells and skeletons, and those with existing shells may begin to dissolve.
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Full Question :
A fisherman collecting shellfish notices that many are very small and lack the thick hard shell he is accustomed to seeing in the species. Which statement best explains what may be impacting the shellfish population?
a- Ocean acidification
b- Ocean warming
c- Coral bleaching
d- Climate change
Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column?
Parasympathetic ganglia
Sympathetic chain
The sympathetic chain ganglia will extend from the cervix region to coccygeal region.
Sympathetic chain ganglia which are also referred to as the paravertebral ganglia are placed simply ventral and lateral to the spinal cord. The chain extends from the higher neck right all the way down to the coccyx, forming the unpaired coccygeal ganglion. It consists of fashionable visceral afferent and efferent axons that permit for involuntary manipulation of physical capabilities through the hypothalamus. The overarching feature of the sympathetic device is to govern the 'fight, fright or flight' (sympathoadrenal) response. Each ganglion inside this chain is both cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral.
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What was the conclusion from Mendel's two factor crosses?
Mendel's two-factor crosses lead to the conclusion that genes assort randomly into the gametes.
Each parent's cell has a pair of genes for each characteristic under investigation. One allele for the dominant phenotype and another for the recessive phenotype are present in the F1 from a crossover of two pure lines. The gene pair is made up of these two alleles.
This demonstrated that seeds are primarily spherical and yellow in color. In contrast, the seed's wrinkled appearance and green hue are recessive features. F1 offspring was later self-pollinated. Four distinct seed combinations were produced as a consequence for the F2 generation.
Tall plants were produced via the bridge of tall & dwarf plants. The hybridization plants were all very tall.
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some toll-like receptors (tlrs) are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules. group of answer choices true false
Human defense cells have toll-like receptors on their surface that are engaged in innate immunity.
These receptors focus on certain bacterial antigens, allowing the host defense to quickly and effectively eradicate the bacterium. The O-antigen of E. coli is targeted by toll-like receptors on the surface of NK cells.
It is true that bacteria develop on host surfaces as films. In order to resist host defense, bacteria create coagulated bulk. A protective material is frequently produced by this capsular bulk.
TLR are receptors that recognize pathogens and are present in cell membranes. -they are triggered by PAMPs, and after binding, that specific cell releases cytokines.
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a patient who has experienced previous jaw and face trauma now reports difficulty tasting with the tip of her tongue. which cranial nerve was likely damaged in that injury?
The cranial nerve that is likely to be damaged is cranial nerve VII
Paralysis can occur when part of the facial nerve, called the 7th cranial nerve, becomes inflamed or damaged. The facial nerve has branches on each side of the face and controls many muscle groups such as the forehead, eyelids, cheeks, and lips.
The four main tastes are bitter, sweet, sour and salty. Screening for sweet or salty taste is done by using salt and sugar. Close the patient's eyes, stick out the tongue, remove the tongue blade, and apply a little salt or sugar to the sides of the tongue. Instruct the patient to tell you the identity of the substance. Let them rinse their mouth and repeat the test on the other side with another substance.
The sensory part or intermediate nerve has the following components:
(1) Taste of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
(2) Secretory and vasomotor fibers to the lacrimal glands, nasal and oral mucosa, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
(3) Cutaneous sensory impulses from the ear canal and posterior regions.
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the presence of large land mammals led europeans toward an agricultural culture based on domestication of wildlife, rather than a hunting and gathering culture. this is an example of a cultural difference based on
The domestication of wildlife by Europeans led them away from a culture based on hunting and gathering and toward an agricultural civilization. This is an example of a cultural variance based on geography.
It examines geography and how individuals relate to their environment.
Geographers concentrate on the social networks that exist on the Earth's surface as well as its physical properties.
Pay attention to how human culture and the natural environment interact, as well as what various locations mean to various people. Geology is the study of how things evolve and change over time as well as their locations and reasons for existing.
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Complete question:
The presence of large land mammals led Europeans toward an agricultural culture based on domestication of wildlife, rather than a hunting and gathering culture. This is an example of a cultural difference based on __________.
▸ biology
▸ geography
▸ national borders
▸ language
which mass extinction event occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species?
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, commonly referred to as the K-Pg extinction event, occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction Event and Its Impact on Mammalian SpeciationThe Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event, which occurred 66 million years ago, was a global event that wiped out the majority of life on Earth. This event is most famously known for the extinction of the dinosaurs, but it also had major impacts on the evolutionary history of mammals.
Before the K-Pg extinction event, there were few mammalian species, but after the event there was a rapid increase in the number of mammalian species. This increase in speciation is thought to be due to the removal of the large dinosaurs, which opened up numerous niches for the smaller mammals to occupy. These new niches allowed for the evolution of new species and the increased diversity of mammals that we see today.
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According to Le Chatelier’s principle, what always happens to the equilibrium of a reaction when the temperature is reduced?
It shifts to the right.
It shifts to the left.
It shifts in the exothermic direction.
It shifts in the endothermic direction.
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium of a reaction will shift in exothermic direction when the temperature is reduced.
What is Le-Chatelier's principle?
Le-Chatelier's principle is a principle in which the equilibrium adjusts itself whenever there is a change in the equilibrium conditions (i.e., pressure, temperature and concentration).
When reaction is an exothermic reaction, it means that the heat is released (increase in temperature) and when it is an endothermic reaction, it means that the heat is being absorbed (decrease in temperature).
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, equilibrium of a reaction will shift in exothermic direction when the temperature is reduced.
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Answer:
it shifts to the left
Explanation:
when either endothermic or exothermic if the temperature is reduced it sifts to the left.
A researcher designs an experiment to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the function of an enzyme. For each trial included in the experiment, the researcher will add the enzyme and its substrate to an aqueous buffer solution and then measure the amount of product formed over 20 minutes.
Which of the following must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?
The following should remain the same for all trials of this experiment :The initial concentration of substrate.
What must remain the same for all trials of this experiment?If the researcher keeps initial concentration of the substrate constant, then it will give room to compare the reaction rates under different environmental conditions. The reaction rates assist the researcher by providing necessary and important information about the function of enzyme in different environments.
When the temperature increases, then the rate of enzyme activity also increases. An optimum activity is reached at the optimum temperature of enzyme. A continued increase in temperature results in the sharp decrease in activity as the site of enzyme changes shape.
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What is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
A muscle twitch is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse.
A muscle twitch is the contraction of a single muscle fiber in response to a single muscle impulse. When a motor neuron is stimulated, a single muscle fiber contracts, causing a muscle to twitch. Wave summation is the process of sending several action potentials.
Our muscles tighten ("contract") uncontrollably, or when we are not genuinely in control of them, which is what causes muscular twitches. Numerous factors, including stress, excessive caffeine intake, a poor diet, lack of exercise, and the side effects of some medications, can cause muscle twitches.
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which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?
RNA viruses are challenging to immunize against due to their quick and unexpected genetic mutations.
Millions of lives are saved annually thanks to vaccination, which is a success story in global health and development. In order to create immunity, vaccines act in conjunction with your body's natural defenses. Your immune system reacts when you receive a vaccination. Immunization is the process of immunizing a person or an animal against an infectious agent or organism by vaccination. One of the biggest successes in contemporary medicine is immunization. Genetic mutations, which occur as your cells divide and generate duplicates of themselves, are modifications to your DNA sequence. Your DNA informs your body how to build and function genetic mutations.
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Schleiden concluded all plants are made of cells and schwann concluded the same thing about animals. Together, how did they contribute to cell theory?.
Cell theory is a foundational concept in biology that states all living things are composed of cells, that cells are the basic unit of life and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. This theory was developed in the mid-19th century by two German scientists, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
Schleiden was a botanist who concluded that all plants are made up of cells. He observed plant cells under the microscope and noted that they all had cell walls. He also proposed that the nucleus of a cell is the center of growth and reproduction. This was the first step towards establishing the modern cell theory.
Schwann was a zoologist who reached similar conclusions about cells in animals. He was the first to observe the nucleus in animal cells and he found that the cell walls of animals are more delicate than those of plants. He also discovered that cells arise from other cells through a process of division.
The two scientists came together to form the basis of the cell theory. They both demonstrated that all living things are composed of cells and that cells arise from pre-existing cells. This formed the starting point of the cell theory and is still accepted today as a fundamental concept in biology.
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What is used to burn hydrocarbons?
A spark is required to burn a hydrocarbon. The spark is the energy required to break the hydrocarbon molecule's carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, as well as the oxygen molecule's oxygen-oxygen link.
The essential energy-storing molecules in all significant forms of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) and biofuels are hydrocarbons. They serve as the raw material for making many different kinds of polymers.
When hydrocarbons are burned with oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water are produced (H2O). Carbon monoxide (CO) may also be released during the burning of hydrocarbons if there is an imbalance between the amount of carbon and oxygen present. Occasionally, incomplete combustion results in the release of unburned hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.
Some hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels, such as gasoline, are burned in automotive engines. The air concentration of hydrocarbons in a typical metropolitan area is roughly 3 ppm (parts per million). Some hydrocarbons, along with other forms of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), contribute to photochemical smog generation.
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This newly created mrna molecule moves to the ____ (part of cell) where the process of translation can occur.
This newly created mRNA molecule moves to the cytoplasm where the process of translation can occur.
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the technique in which ribosomes inside the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the system of transcription of DNA to RNA in the mobile's nucleus. The entire technique is referred to as gene expression.
Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome happens in three degrees: initiation, elongation, and termination.
The translation is the procedure that takes the facts surpassed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound collectively with peptide bonds. It is largely a translation from one code (nucleotide sequence) to any other code (amino acid collection).
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What best describes the function of meiosis?
Production of gamete best describes the function of meiosis.
Meiosis is type of cell division. At the end of this type of cell division chromosome number of a cell will be decreased to half of the original chromosome number. Meiosis is divided in meiosis one and meiosis two. In meiosis one two daughter cells are produced in meiosis two four daughter cells produced. Four daughter cells that is formed have only half the numer of chromosome compared to parent cell. Meiosis one divided in prophase 1,anaphase 1, metaphase 1,telophase 1. Meiosis two divided into prophase 2,anaphase 2, metaphase 2,telophase 2. In vertebrates like human during meiosis are used to produce sperms and ovum. Sperm is produced through a process called spermatogenesis and ovum produced by oogenesis.
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what term is used to describe a period characterized by very high rates of speciation?
There are four major variants of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Rapid sympatric speciation is a period characterized by very high rates of speciation.
Adaptive radiation is a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity. Speciation is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created. Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.
Sympatric speciation is the evolutionary process whereby species are formed from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic area.
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A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains a sizable membrane-bound compartment known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
What does the cytoplasmic network of membranes look like?The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm, is a network of tubules and sacs (cisternae) that are membrane-enclosed. The biggest organelle in the majority of eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is completely encircled by a continuous membrane.
What is the name of the foldable membrane seen in the ER and Golgi?The term "cisternae" refers to these hollow, flattened folds and sacs. The ER serves two main purposes: Transport: Much like an intracellular highway, the ER allows molecules, such as proteins, to move from one location to another. Similar to unattached ribosomes, ER-attached ribosomes synthesize proteins.
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Which hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?
The answer is option c- Inhibin. While not affect the release of testosterone, the inhibin hormone inhibits spermatogenesis. A pituitary cell culture bioassay was used to determine the amount of inhibition in testis cytosols.
While the HT implants tripled serum testosterone and kept the testicular weight at 75–85% of pre-treatment levels, the LT implants kept serum testosterone control levels and increased testicular weight. Inhibin B is well correlated with FSH in sperm concentration, supporting them as serum characteristics of spermatogenesis. Inhibin B is likely the essential feedback regulator of FSH secretion. Adult spermatogenic activity is necessary when inhibin B levels in the serum are maintained at detectable levels.
Thus, we can conclude that option c—inhibin—is the correct choice. The inhibin hormone prevents spermatogenesis from happening while having no effect on testosterone release.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the complete question below.
What hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion?
A. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
B. testosterone itself
C. inhibin
D. luteinizing hormone (LH)
E. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Click and drag the labels to identify the landmarks of the sympathetic nervous system Soma of Soma of Splanchnic nerve White ramus Communicating Gray ramus Spinal nerve
The sympathetic nervous system is the autonomic nervous system that operates outside of the body's awareness (unconscious) and originates in the spinal cord.
Picture diagrams and answers are in the picture
General sympathy can be simplified into the following parts:
Preganglionic neurons.sympathetic ganglia.Postganglionic neurons.Preganglionic neurons are located in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord (T1-L2,3) and their fibers (axons), which are called preganglionic fibers. These preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic ganglia usually found near the spinal cord.
Sympathetic ganglia are collections of postganglionic neuron cell bodies.
Postganglionic neurons release long axons (postganglionic fibers) that leave the ganglia and project to visceral effectors, where they release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons are multipolar.
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Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic cell membrane are voltage-gated.
a. true
b. false
The given statement is false. Receptors that bind the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic cell membrane are not voltage-gated.
There are two types of receptors at the postsynaptic cell membranes that can bind with neurotransmitters. The two types of receptors are ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors. The ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated receptors. The metabotropic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors.
Therefore, the receptors at the postsynaptic cell membrane are not voltage-gated but are the one that are ligand-gated.
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major disturbances in thought, emotion, perception, and behavior characterize ________.
Major disturbances in thought, emotion, perception, and behavior characterize psychotic disorders.
These disturbances can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, and abnormal motor behavior.Psychotic disordersThese disturbances often involve hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and gross deficits in social and interpersonal functioning.
People with psychotic disorders may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is not, and may have difficulty communicating effectively with others. Symptoms can be extremely disabling, leaving individuals unable to function in their daily lives. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and social support, depending on the individual's needs.
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of the following chromosomal abnormalities, which type is most likely to be viable in humans?
In humans, trisomy type is most likely to occur. The least dangerous sort of DNA mutation is typically a point mutation.
What is Turner syndrome?
the alteration of a single nitrogen base in a DNA sequence. Messenger RNA "reads" codons, which are composed of three nitrogen bases consecutively, during transcription. Turner syndrome is distinguished by an XO chromosomal pattern, which means that there is only one X and no Y chromosome. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes.one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells and are hence haploid. The symbol for the number of chromosomes in a single set is n. Occasionally, some cells develop full additional sets of chromosomes. cells with 69 chromosomes overall and one extra set of chromosomes.
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the symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.a. trueb. false
True, an exotoxin that prevents host cell protein synthesis is what causes the symptoms of diphtheria.
How is diphtheria contracted?It easily spreads from one individual to another, through the air in tiny droplets or on surfaces. In industrialized nations like the US, diphtheria is uncommon. That's because the disease has all but been eradicated thanks to high immunization rates. But diphtheria remains a significant issue in many nations around the world.
What was the scent of diphtheria?Diphtheria. Infection with the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheria results in diphtheria. A sore throat is a common symptom of diphtheria, which typically affects the throat or the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Some diphtheria patients have a nauseating, pleasant, or putrid odor in their breath.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
I think the answer A. I'm sorry If Wrong
Explanation:
HELPPP!!!!
What is the definition of human rights?
Rights that all human beings possess
Rights that people need to fight for
Rights that some human beings possess
Rights that are given by governments
sorry it says biology i meant to put english
Answer: Rights that all human beings possess
Explanation: Because it states human rights not just some human rights. Also Rights aren't given to you by anyone, your born with them if your an American citizen.
The two-neuron chain allows increased communication and control of the effector organ. True/False?
It is true that the two-neuron chain enables greater communication and control over the effector organ.
Increased communication and control of the effector organ are made possible by the two neuron chain.
The ANS serves as a conduit between the CNS and its effector, and is composed of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. These two neurons synapse outside of the central nervous system, in an autonomic ganglion.
Improved communication is made possible by the two-neuromuscular chain, which also controls the effector organ. The preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the sympathetic division.
The preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the brainstem or spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS).
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What is the difference between polypeptide and proteins?
which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?
The factor that will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced is in the genes that are expressed.
How are specialized cells produced?A specialized cell is one that has specific characteristics that allow it to excel at its job. Differentiation of cells is the process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized.These highly specialized cells must all develop from unspecialized stem cells. By dividing, stem cells generate new cells. These new cells can then divide and differentiate into specialized cells under the right conditions. Stem cells can also divide to generate new stem cells to replace those that have died.Learn more about specialized cell here: brainly.com/question/12730320
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wich of the following among a - d is false regarding an elisa test used to detect the presence of a drug in one's urine, a. a direct elisa test would be used b. the antigen in the test would be the drug, if present in the urine. c. the test would utilize monoclonal antibodies specific to the antigen. d. none of a - c is false; al l are true.
None of a through c are untrue statements in relation to an ELISA test that is used to identify drugs in a person's urine.
What is a sign that the chemical being tested for in the Elisa test is present?Samples' unlabeled antigen and the labeled antigen compete with one another to bind to the capture antibody. When compared to assay wells with labeled antigen alone, a decrease in signal from the purified antigen indicates the presence of the antigen in samples.
What is the purpose of the Elisa test?Pregnancy tests, illness detection in people, animals, and plants, the detection of illegal drug use, assessing the quality of indoor air, and determining the accuracy of food labels are just a few of the numerous uses for ELISA.
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