For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, potassium channels channels must open.
Potassium channels work to quickly (up to the diffusion rate of K+ ions in bulk water) and selectively transmit potassium ions down their electrochemical gradient (excluding, most notably, sodium despite the sub-angstrom difference in ionic radius). In many cells, these channels function to either set or reset the resting potential. The delayed potassium ion counterflow in excitable cells, like neurons, alters the action potential. Failure of potassium channels can lead to potentially fatal arrhythmias by regulating the duration of the ventricular action potential in the heart muscle. Maintaining vascular tone may also include potassium channels. They also control biological functions including hormone production (like the release of insulin from beta cells in the pancreas), hence their failure can result
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What is similar between all nucleotides?
The few nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups is common in the nucleotides.
Nucleotides are of two types namely DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid). Functioning as storage of genetic information, they are responsible for development of the cell and hence body and formation of proteins.
Nucleotides are made of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate groups. Both the nucleotides have common nitrogenous base adenine, guanine and cytosine. But, DNA contains thymine and RNA contains Uracil.
Now, DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar. The difference lies in hydroxyl group at third carbon of the ring structure.
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infrared spectroscopy is particularly good at detecting functional groups such as...
Specific functional compounds in polymers can be sensitively detected using infrared spectroscopy (IR). Functional groups like hydroxy, especially when working with hydrocarbon polymers like polystyrenes
Where does polystyrene come from?Appliances, medical equipment, and automotive components all use polystyrene. While its rigid form is employed for housings and casings, polystyrene foam is used as insulation in appliances. The stiff version of this material is also used for housings & casings in electronics.
What sort of material is polystyrene?Polystyrene is a material that comes in three main varieties: foam, normal plastic, and film. Expanded polystyrene (Ps) and extruded polystyrene are two of the various foam kinds (XPS). Styrofoam or packing peanuts are among the most popular and well-known varieties of polystyrene that are included in EPS.
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which of the following is not a biome: a. temperate rainforest b. taiga c. tropical rainforest d. tropical dry forest e. temperate dry forest
A biome is a large area characterized by flora, fauna, soil, and climate. Temperate dry forest is not a biome, though.
Biomes can be categorized as: Land biomes, often known as terrestrial biomes, include tundra, taiga, grasslands, savannas, deserts, tropical forests, etc.are examples of freshwater biomes. They are frequently referred to as various biomes. The distance between them and the poles and the equator is one of their significant disparities. The rainforest, temperate forest, and taiga forest are the three main types of forest biomes. Tropical dry forest, albeit less well recognized, is the third major biome in the lowland tropics. Forests, meadows, and chaparral are among the temperate biomes. In regions with continental temperate climates, temperate deciduous woods can be found, while in regions with coastal temperate climates, temperate rainforests.
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Help fast!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The purpose of cell proliferation process when managing the scrape from the task given in the image above simply is for growth and development.
The correct answer choice is option a.
What is meant by cell proliferation?Cell proliferation can simply be defined as that biological process which occurs in living organisms and involves the growth of cells in living organisms by means of cell division which results to the production of two daughter cells. In order words, cell proliferation results to an increase in the cell numbers, thereby leading to growth and development of cells and tissues. In addition to the explanation given, this process works by means of mitotic division which leads to growth and increases the number of cells in an organism.
In conclusion, we can now confirm and deduce from the explanation given above that cell proliferation is a function of tissue growth and development of mechanism.
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how long must a donor wait to donate red blood cells again following a 2-unit red blood cell apheresis donation?
After giving a 2-unit red blood cell apheresis donation, the donor must wait 16 weeks before giving red blood cells again.
Based on high-risk behavior or a positive test result, a permanent deferral is granted. Donations of whole blood must be separated by at least eight weeks (56 days), and those of power red by at least 16 weeks (112 days). Donors of whole blood may give up to six times annually. Donors of platelet apheresis can donate up to 24 times a year, or every seven days.
The procedure through which platelets and other particular blood components (red cells or plasma) are extracted from a donor is known as apheresis. The Greek verb aphaeresis, which means “to take away,” is the root of the English term “apheresis.” During this procedure, a device known as a cell separator is used. The donor’s blood is extracted, the cell separator gathers the platelets or another blood component, and the remaining blood components are then returned to the donor throughout the donation. About an hour and a half to two hours are needed for each apheresis donation procedure. During the donation, donors can relax or watch movies.
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Many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
These are called proprioceptors, roughly meaning “receptors for self.” The purpose of proprioceptors is primarily to give detailed and continuous information about the position of the limbs and other body parts in space (specialized mechanoreceptors also exist in the heart and major vessels to provide information about.
What are the 4 proprioceptors?
The most common types of proprioceptors are: muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs (junction between muscle and tendon), joint receptors, vestibular system, and skin.
Where are proprioceptors found in the body?
Receptors involved in proprioception are located in skin, muscles, and joints. Information about limb position and movement is not generated by individual receptors, but by populations of afferents.
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Which statement is true regarding animal organs?
A. The function of each tissue in an organ changes over time.
B. Each organ is made of tissues that work together so the organ can
carry out its functions.
OC. All of the tissues in an organ carry out the same function for the
organ.
D. Each organ is made of tissues that work independently of one
another.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Organ — a group of tissues precisely arranged so that they can work together to perform specific functions
Name the organelles that store neurotransmitter molecules within the distal end of a motor neuron axon.
Synaptic vesicles are organelles found within the distal end of a motor neuron axon which specialize in storing neurotransmitter molecules. These molecules are released when the neuron is activated, allowing them to cross the synaptic cleft and communicate signals to the post-synaptic cells.
The Role of Synaptic Vesicles in Motor Neuron CommunicationSynaptic vesicles.Synaptic vesicles are organelles that are found within the distal end of a motor neuron axon. They are specialized membrane-bound sacs that are filled with neurotransmitter molecules. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals from the neuron to other cells. When the neuron is activated, the synaptic vesicles fuse with the axon membrane to release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors in the post-synaptic cell to transmit the signal. This process is known as synaptic transmission and is critical for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
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Free radicals produced during biochemical reactions can serve as carcinogens if they are not neutralized by? a. mutator genes b. growth factors c.antioxidants d.repair enzymes e. proto-oncogenes
Answer: C. Antioxidants neutralises free radicals produced during biochemical reaction serve as carcinogens
Antioxidants displace some of their own electrons to counteract free radicals. They serve as a natural "off" switch for the free radicals by making this sacrifice. This aids in stopping a chain reaction that may have an impact on other cellular molecules and other cells across the body.
Explanation:
What are the free radicals in biochemical reactions.
Free radicals are chemical entities that can be thought of as fragments of molecules because they have an unpaired electron and are frequently very reactive. They are continuously created in cells, either unintentionally as waste products of metabolism or on purpose, for example, during phagocytosis.
The oxygen atom and its radical derivatives (superoxide and hydroxyl radical), hydrogen peroxide, and transition metals are the most significant reactants in free radical biochemistry in aerobic cells.
To stop the generation of free radicals or to reduce their destructive effects, cells have evolved a wide range of antioxidant defences. These include proteins that bind transition metals, enzymes that break down peroxides, and a variety of substances that "scavenge" free radicals. Biomolecules can be oxidised by reactive free radicals produced inside of cells, which can cause cell death and tissue damage. Due to these species' short lifespans, it is very challenging to prove that they are involved in the pathogenesis of a disease.
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a clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobial drugs in broth and then incubates each drug dilution with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. what is this microbiologist setting up?
The Minimal inhibitory awareness (MIC) is the setting that microbiologist is setting up for the dilutions of several antimicrobial drugs.
It defines in vitro degrees of susceptibility or resistance of particular bacterial traces to implemented antibiotic. Reliable evaluation of MIC has a considerable effect on the selection of a healing strategy, which influences performance of an contamination therapy.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are described as the bottom awareness of an antimicrobial on the way to inhibit the seen increase of a microorganism after in a single day incubation, and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) as the bottom awareness of antimicrobial on the way to save you the increase of an organism.
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which statements about oxidative phosphorylation are true? the mechanisms of phosphorylation and oxidation are directly coupled. the p/o for nadh is ~2.5. the p/o for succinate is less than that for nadh, at ~ 1.5. the overall energy released by the reduction of o2 to water is more than enough to compensate for the large amount of energy required for atp synthesis.
The true statements about oxidative phosphorylation are the mechanisms of phosphorylation and oxidation are directly coupled.
What is oxidative phosphorylation ?An electron transfer chain that is fueled by substrate oxidation and connected to ATP generation via an electrochemical transmembrane gradient is known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).Cells employ enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic process known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate. This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes.Steps in Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron Transport using NADH and FADH2. Near the start of the transport chain, reduced NADH and FADH2 transmit their electrons to molecules. ... the splitting of oxygen into water, proton pumping, electron transport, and ATP synthesis.To learn more about oxidative phosphorylation refer to:
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PLEASE HELP ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST
Answer:
crystallization d.
Explanation:
i hope it helpps u
A certain species of wildflower that grows yearly in a city park produces pale pink and bright pink blooms. One year a disease kills most of the bright pink flowers. How can the park employees BEST increase the population of bright pink flowers? Responses Interbreed the remaining bright pink flowers to produce more bright pink flowers. Interbreed the remaining bright pink flowers to produce more bright pink flowers. Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers. Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers. Remove all of the pale pink flowers and allow the bright pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the pale pink flowers and allow the bright pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the bright pink flowers and allow the pale pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely. Remove all of the bright pink flowers and allow the pale pink flowers to grow and reproduce freely.
Answer:
Interbreed the pale pink flowers with one another to produce some bright pink flowers.
Explanation:
do organisms make different proteins?
Answer:
All the cells of higher organisms have the same DNA but not the same proteins.
Which reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte?
a. cortical reaction b. sperm migration c. acrosomal reaction d. capacitation
Acrosomal reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte. Before entering the ovum proper, spermatozoa must pass through the zona pellucida and corona radiata. To do this, they release hydrolytic enzymes from the acrosome called acrosin and hyaluronidase, which penetrate the corona (a trypsin-like protease which digests the zona pellucida).
What factor allows sperm to penetrate the corona radiata?
Some sperm experience an acrosomal reaction known as a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is one that is not brought on by contact with the zona pellucida. The corona radiata extracellular matrix is broken down by the digestive enzymes that are generated during this event.
What part of the sperm releases hydrolytic enzymes that allow it to penetrate the layers of the egg?
A distinctive membrane organelle that covers the sperm nucleus' proximal region called the acrosome has undergone significant evolution. Numerous hydrolytic enzymes found in this acidic vacuole, when produced, aid the sperm in penetrating the egg coverings.
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How far (in terms of a ) is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic energy?.
0.58 A far is this mass from the equilibrium position of the spring when the elastic potential energy equals the kinetic energy
If the amplitude = A
The total energy of the system will be (TE) = 0.5 × K × A²
Assume x is the distance from the equilibrium position
The potential energy of the system = 1/2 × K.E
the potential energy = 1/2 × kinetic energy
P.E = 1/2 × (T.E - P.E)
3 × PE = TE
3 × 0.5 × K × x² = 0.5 × K × A²
x = 0.58 × A
The distance from the equilibrium position is 0.58 A
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haemophilus influenza is an encapsulated bacterium that causes infant meningitis. considering this, which would be best to protect infants form this organism?
The best protection from Haemophilus influenza that causes infant meningitis is administration of conjugate vaccines.
Vaccines are injections administered into body to provide protection. They are based on the principle that prior introduction to weakened or killed from a microorganisms produced natural immunity against it which is remembered by the body by memory cells.
The conjugate vaccines are combination of weak and strong antigens which results in stronger immunity against weak antigens. The conjugate vaccine of Haemophilus influenza comprises polysaccharide of the microorganism. Strong antigen are also known as carrier proteins and in this case are either of tetanus, diptheria toxoid or its mutant toxin of diptheria.
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we consider both mineral resources and energy resources to be resources, many of which have a geologic origin.
Mineral resources are naturally occurring substances that are mined from the Earth for economic benefit. These resources can include:
Metals such as: copper and ironIndustrial minerals, such as: limestoneNon-metallic minerals, such as: salt and gemstonesMineral and Energy Resources: A Geologic PerspectiveEnergy resources are substances, such as fossil fuels and renewable sources of energy, that can be used to generate power.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, are generated from natural processes that occur on a regular basis.Learn more about Mineral energy: https://brainly.com/question/24514288
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during cell injury caused by hypoxia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell?
Due to entry of sodium inside the cell, during cell injury caused by hypoxia, there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell.
Moving fluid and ions into the cell causes immediate failure of metabolism and a reduction in ATP synthesis in hypoxic damage. Normally, the active-transport enzyme ATPase and the presence of ATP maintain the pump that removes sodium ions from the cell. Reduced ATP and ATPase levels enable sodium to accumulate in the cell while potassium diffuses outward in metabolic failure brought on by hypoxia. More water is drawn into the cell when osmotic pressure rises as intracellular sodium levels rise. The other choices fall short of adequately describing the cell damage brought on by hypoxia, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure.
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semi-permeable membrane which encloses the cytoplasm and all of the cellular organelles
Cell membranes act as boundaries and checkpoints. Because of their semi-permeability, some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but not others. A membrane that is selectively permeable encloses every cell. This membrane serves as a partition between the internal and external environments in addition to enclosing the cellular organelles.
Is a phospholipid bilayer semi-permeable?
As a result, the phospholipid bilayer serves as a semipermeable membrane that enables cells to maintain their internal monolayers in isolation from the outside world and other cells. The tonicity of the fluid bound by a semipermeable membrane can be used to determine the concentration in relation to the surroundings or other cells.
What is the name for a membrane enclosed?
Organelles are membrane-enclosed spaces found in eukaryotic cells. Like organs in people and other animals, organelles have a specialized purpose for the cell. The Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of organelles.
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the most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995) is the phylum cycliophora. it includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. the feeding stage permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk, and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. the body is sac-like and has a u-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth. cycliophorans are eucoelomate, do not molt (though their host does), and their embryos undergo spiral cleavage. on the basis of the cleavage pattern of cycliophoran embryos, which of these should be true?
Based on the cleavage pattern of cyclophore embryos, the real issue is that they are ectoderm.
A) ectoderm
What is Cycliophora?Cycliophora are microscopic, metazoan animals, of which only the genus Symbion is described. They are obligatory commensals of arthropods.
Cycliophora are microscopic, metazoan animals, of which only the genus Symbion is described. They are obligatory eaters of arthropods, such as lobster. They are acoelomate organisms, with the region between the digestive system and the body wall filled with mesenchyme cells. The body is divided into the buccal funnel region, an oval trunk and a posterior adhesive disc through which it attaches to the host organism.
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The most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995) is the phylum Cycliophora. It includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. The feeding stage permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. The body is sac-like and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth. Cycliophorans are coelomates, do not molt (though their host does), and their embryos undergo spiral cleavage.
Cycliophorans have two types of larvae. One type of larva is produced when the digestive system of a female is impregnated by a male. The digestive system then collapses and develops into a larva, which swims away in search of a new host after the surrounding female dies. Which is the embryonic tissue that is apparently most important in forming this type of larva?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) mesohyl
Many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
These types of neurons are classified as afferent somatic neurons.
Neurons are messengers of information. They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to communicate information between different areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
Neurons are the basic units of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input from the outside world, sending motor commands to muscles, and transducing and transmitting electrical signals at every step. cells responsible for.
Neurons are specialized in transmitting information throughout the body. Nerves are whitish fibers or bundles of fibers in the body composed of numerous neuronal cells that transmit sensory impulses to the brain or spinal cord and impulses from these to muscles and organs.
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Question 4Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(03.03 MC)
The central nervous system consists of the
A:Brain and spinal cord
B:Spinal nerves only
C:Brain only
D:Spinal cord only
Answer:
it's the brain and the spinal cord
Consider the reaction in chemical equilibrium.
COCl2(g) Double headed arrow. CO(g) + Cl2(g)
Which is the correct equation for K?
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Superscript 2 Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket EndFraction
Upper K = StartFraction left-bracket Upper C Upper O right-bracket left-bracket Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Over left-bracket Upper C Upper O Upper C l Subscript 2 Baseline right-bracket Superscript 2 EndFraction
The correct equation for equilibrium constant is K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂].
What is equilibrium constant?
For a chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant can be defined as the ratio of reactant to product that is utilized to determine chemical behavior. The rate constants are constant at a given temperature.
How to calculate equilibrium constant?
By allowing a single reaction to reach equilibrium and then measuring the concentrations of each chemical participating in that reaction, one can determine the numerical value of an equilibrium constant. Calculated is the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations.
According to the given question:
COCl₂(g) ⇄ CO(g) + Cl₂(g)
In the equilibrium state, equilibrium constant will be written as:
K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂]
The correct equation for equilibrium constant is K = [CO][Cl₂] / [COCl₂].
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what do your cranial nerves tell us about our reliance on vision? what cranial nerves are involved in eye function? be sure to include: g
The position of the eyeballs is controlled by cranial nerves III (CN III), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens), whereas CNIII also affects the position of the eyelids and the size of the pupils. The impulses for the perception of sight go along the optic nerve.
The third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves—the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves—are responsible for controlling the extraocular muscles. The abducens nerve, as its name suggests, controls the abduction of the eye by contracting the lateral rectus muscle.
The superior colliculus in the midbrain combines visual cues with motor responses to start eye movements. To focus the eyes on a visual cue, the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) will cause a fast eye movement or saccade. To swiftly focus the eyes on a visual signal, the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) will start a rapid eye movement or saccade. The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which spans the majority of the brain stem, links these regions to the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei. In horizontal movements requiring the lateral and medial rectus muscles, the MLF permits conjugate gaze or eye movement in the same direction.
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ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. four different levels of complexity exist in the interactions studied in ecology. arrange the levels of study in ecology from the most comprehensive level to the least inclusive level.
The "organism, population, community, and ecosystem" are the four primary research levels in ecology. The processes that maintain and control the environment are called ecosystem processes.
Ecosystem. It is a collection of every living thing and abiotic element that coexists and communicates in a certain space. Both live and nonliving elements of the environment are interacted with. Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment. Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and their ecosystem . There are several approaches to studying ecology. Landscape ecology, population ecosystem , and behavioral ecology are a few examples. Large-scale spatial distribution, trends, and behaviors are the focus of landscape ecosystem .
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If an organism has two different alleles for a given trait (like attached and free earlobes), they are considered ____________, and in __________ traits we automatically know the genotype.
Two different alleles for a given trait are considered heterozygous and in dominant condition automatically know the genotype.
What are heterozygous traits?For recessive characteristics, we know the genotype automatically if an organism possesses two copies of the same allele.
The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same. The person is heterozygous if the alleles are distinct from one another.
Therefore, an allele is one of a gene's two or more variants, for every gene, a person receives two alleles one from each parent.
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why is there a limit to the amount of shortening that can occur in a sarcomere during muscle contraction?
Moreover, a maximal shortening of the muscle only reduces sarcomere length by around 10% (to just under 2 mm). A sarcomere will create less force if it is stretched too far since there won't be enough myofilament overlap. Over-contracted muscles have a reduced capacity for subsequent contractions, which lowers the force generated. Contraction is impaired if the resting length is either too short or too long. The length-tension connection describes how the length of a muscle fiber at rest affects its ability to contract. The amounts of tension and sarcomere length measured during the plateau were used to establish a sarcomere length-tension relation. Between 1.9 and 2.6 micrograms, tension was independent of sarcomere length, and it decreased to 50% of its maximum at 3.4 micrograms.
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which body system(s) is (are) dedicated to maintaining stable internal conditions by detecting and responding to stimuli?
The body system dedicated to the maintenance of stable internal conditions by detecting and responding to stimuli is the nervous system.
Nervous system and homeostasisHomeostasis refers to the maintenance of relatively constant internal processes such as temperature, pressure, etc. The normal range of operation of processes is referred to as the set point. When these setpoints are breached, it may result in irreversible damage to the body or even death.
Thus, when setpoints are breached, the breach is quickly reported to the control center (the brain) and the brain sets mechanisms in motion to counter whatever is causing a breach to the setpoints.
All these feedbacks happen between the sense organs and the nervous system. The sense organs are able to sense a breach by picking up stimuli, this is conveyed by the nervous system to the brain. The brain then sends messages to muscles, cells, or tissues to counter the breach and return to normalcy.
In other words, the body system that is dedicated to the maintenance of stable internal conditions, otherwise known as homeostasis, is the nervous system.
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Rats colonize an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean where no rats previously existed. The rats can have white fur, gray fur, or black fur. Predict what type of selection is likely to occur when each of the following phenotypes have the greatest fitness.
- grey fur
- dark fur
- dark fur in fields and light fur in forests
- light fur
- dark fur on one island, light fur on another
light fur phenotypes have the greatest fitness.
What is phenotype ?As was already said, an organism's phenotype refers to the variety of qualities it possesses. Examples include the observable traits or characteristics of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and environment: the physical expression of one or more genes, such as blue eyes (for eye color character), brown skin (for skin color character), long tails (for tail character), and five-petaled flowers (for flower character).Observable characteristics like height, weight, eye color, hair color, horn size, hoof color, etc. are examples of phenotypic features. A crucial element of livestock characterization is evaluation of the population traits of the designated breed.To learn more about phenotypic features refer,
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