According to the student's conclusion, sodium hydroxide dissolves exothermically. An inorganic substance having the formula NaOH is sodium hydroxide, sometimes referred to as lye and caustic soda.
sodium hydroxide and hydroxide anions make up this white solid ionic combination. An extremely caustic base and alkali is sodium hydroxide. Chemical reactions that release energy in the form of heat or light are known as exothermic reactions. The distinction between endothermic and exothermic reactions. Simply put, endothermic reactions take up heat-based energy from their surroundings. While the exothermic process releases energy from the system into the environment. In a system that is adiabatic (i.e. a system that does not exchange heat with the surroundings).
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Which choice best describes the properties of potassium (k), based on its position on the periodic table of elements?.
The option that best describes the properties of the element potassium (K), based on its position on the periodic table of chemical elements is that it is a highly reactive metal. Hence, the correct option is B.
Alkali metals can be described as the monovalent chemical elements that are found in Group IA of the modern periodic table.
Generally, chemical elements of alkali metals readily lose their single (one) valence electron to form ionic compounds with non-metals. Some examples of alkali metal are given below,
Lithium (L).
Sodium (Na).
Potassium (K).
Potassium (K) is an alkali metal with a single (one) valence electron in its outermost shell and is considered to be highly reactive with other chemical elements, especially halogens because of its position on the modern periodic table of chemical elements.
We can conclude that, Potassium (K) is a highly reactive metal based on its position on the periodic table of chemical elements.
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a flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. when the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, h2so4, its mass is 1026.57 g. what is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid in g/cm3? (assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the measurement.)
the density of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1.84 g/mL when a flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water and later with sulfuric acid whose mass is 1026.57 g.
Given mass of flask mf = 78.23 g
Mass of flask when filled with water mfw = 593.63 g
Mass of water mw = mfw - mf = 593.63 - 78.23 = 515.4g
Volume of water Vw = Volume of acid Vc = 515.4mL
Mass of flask when filled with acid mfa = 1026.57 g
Mass of acid ma = mfa-mf = 1026.57 - 78.23 = 948.34g
Density = mass(ma)/volume of acid (Va)
= 948.34/515.4 = 1.84 g/mL
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When a nucleus of 235U undergoes fission, it breaks into two smaller, more tightly bound fragments. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for 235U and for the fission product 137Cs .
The binding energy per nucleon for 235U and 137Cs is 7.6 MeV and 8.39 MeV.
The minimal amount of energy needed to take a particle out of a system of particles or to break a system of particles down into its component pieces is known as binding energy (BE).
Given nucleus = 235 U and nucleon = 137 Cs.
a) The expression to find BE of 235 U is written as 235U92.
Atomic number (Z) = 92 = number of protons
Mass number (A) = 235 (number of protons + neutrons)
Number of electrons = 235-92 = 143.
Mass of neutron (mₙ) = 1.00866 u
Mass of proton ([tex]m_H[/tex]) = 1.00783 u
The binding energy for the nucleus is calculated using the below formula,
[tex]B = (Zm_H + Nm_n- m_{atom})\times\mathrm{931.49\;MeV/u}[/tex]
For 235U,
[tex]\begin{aligned}BE&=[(92\times1.00783 u)+(143\times1.00866 u)-235](\mathrm{931.49\;MeV/u})\\&=\mathrm{1783.8\;MeV}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The BE per nucleon is given by,
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{BE per nucleon}&=\frac{\text{total BE of nucleus}}{\text{number of nucleon}}\\&=\frac{1783.8}{235}\\&=\mathrm{7.6\;MeV}\end{aligned}[/tex]
b) The expression to find BE of 137Cs is written as 137Cs55.
Atomic number (Z) = 55 = number of protons
Mass number (A) = 137 (number of protons + neutrons)
Number of electrons = 137-55 = 82.
Mass of neutron (mₙ) = 1.00866 u
Mass of proton ([tex]m_H[/tex]) = 1.00783 u
The atomic mass of Cs = 137u
For 137Cs,
[tex]\begin{aligned}BE&=[(55\times1.00783 u)+(82\times1.00866 u)-137](\mathrm{931.49\;MeV/u})\\&=\mathrm{1149.3\;MeV}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The BE per nucleon is given by,
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{BE per nucleon}&=\frac{\text{total BE of nucleus}}{\text{number of nucleon}}\\&=\frac{1149.3}{137}\\&=\mathrm{8.39\;MeV}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The answers are 7.6 MeV and 8.39 MeV.
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What is the standard cell potential of Cu?
The standard cell potential of copper is 1.10V. The voltage of the cell is created by the differential between the two electrodes, which is the typical cell potential. discover the difference between the two half cells.
By varying the quantity of the electrolytes, it will be possible to measure how the cell potential in a Zn-Cu cell varies in this experiment. You will be given detailed explanations of each step of this experiment so that you can quickly determine when the Daniell cell's standard electrode potential is 1.1 V and when it varies. Following the interruption of the current, the cell voltage is monitored as a function of time, often over a few milliseconds. Constants include reactant concentrations, temperature, operating pressure, inlet humidification, and more.
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The structural formula of an ester is CH 3 CH 2 COOC 2 H 5 . Write the name and structural formula of
products obtained when it is hydrolysed with dil. HCl.
Answer:
The structural formula of the ester is CH3CH2COOC2H5. When this ester is hydrolyzed with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), it will produce two products: ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH). The structural formulas of these products are shown below:
Ethanol: CH3CH2OH
Acetic acid: CH3COOH
Note that in a hydrolysis reaction, an ester is typically broken down into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol by the addition of water. In this case, the hydrolysis of the ester with dilute HCl results in the production of ethanol and acetic acid.
The melting point of gold is 3,533 ºF, while the boiling point is 9,343 ºF. What phase is gold in when the temperature is 5,262 °C?
ANSWER:
the melting point of gold is approximately 1,946 ºC and its boiling point is approximately 5,195 ºC. Therefore, if the temperature is 5,262 ºC, gold would be in its liquid phase. It is worth noting that the temperature you provided is not in the correct units, as it should be in degrees Celsius (ºC) instead of degrees Fahrenheit (ºF). To convert a temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius, you can use the following formula:
Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) * (5/9)
For example, to convert the melting point of gold from Fahrenheit to Celsius, you would do the following:
Melting point in Celsius = (3,533 - 32) * (5/9) = 1,946 ºC
Similarly, you can convert the boiling point of gold from Fahrenheit to Celsius using the same formula:
Boiling point in Celsius = (9,343 - 32) * (5/9) = 5,195 ºC
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
ethyl chloride, c2h5cl, is used as a local anesthetic. it works by cooling tissue as it vaporizes. the heat of vaporization is 26.4 kj/mol. how much heat could be removed by 60.0 g of ethyl chloride?
24.5 KJ of heat could be removed.
(30.0g / 64.45 g) =0.93
0.93g x 26.4 Kj/mol = 24.5
Vaporization of detail or compound is a segment transition from the liquid section to vapor. There are forms of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. Evaporation is a floor phenomenon, whereas boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
The quantity of warmth energy utilized inside the formation of vapor from a liquid without an alternate in temperature is described as latent warmth of vapourization. more unstable liquid vapourises quicker and cools faster.
As the water evaporates, electricity is taken up by way of the procedure, cooling the surroundings where the evaporation is taking area.
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a pure substance which can only be separated into two or more simpler substances using chemical changes is called
Compound a pure substance which can only be separated into two or more simpler substances using chemical changes is called.
What is a chemical change ?
Chemical synthesis, or, alternatively, chemical breakdown into two or more separate molecules, occurs when one material reacts with another to create a new substance. These processes are referred to as chemical reactions, and they are typically irreversible barring additional chemical reactions. Exothermic processes are those that generate heat; endothermic reactions, on the other hand, are those that may need heat in order to proceed. The science of chemistry places a lot of emphasis on comprehending chemical changes.
Atoms are rearrange during chemical reactions, and as new products are produced, the reaction is accompanied by an energy change.
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is 2h2(g)+o2(g)—->2h2o(l)+571.8kJ endothermic exothermic
The chemical reaction 2 H₂(g)+O₂(g)—->2 H₂O(l)+571.8 kJ is an exothermic reaction as heat is released during the reaction.
What is an exothermic reaction?An exothermic reaction is defined as a chemical reaction which involves release of energy in the form of light,heat .In these reactions, energy is transferred from system to surroundings rather than taking energy from surroundings into system as in endothermic reactions.
In an exothermic reaction,change in enthalpy is negative.Therefore, it can be inferred that net amount of energy which is required to start the exothermic reaction is less than the net amount which is released by the reaction.
Examples of exothermic reactions are combustion reactions, detonation of nitroglycerin , neutralization reactions and nuclear fission.
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Which substance in this redox reaction is the oxidizing agent? cu 2agno3 → 2ag cu(no3)2
a. n
b. agno3
c. cu
d. no3−
e. cu(no3)2
Cu serves as a reducing agent while Silver nitrate behaves as an oxidizing agent.
What is Oxidizing agent?
A substance or element that participates in a redox (oxidation-reduction) process and gets electrons from a separate species is referred to as an oxidising agent.
The oxidant is a chemical molecule that readily exchanges oxygen or other atoms for an electron. One agent in the reaction is regarded as an oxidizer if it releases oxygen, acquires electrons, or produces hydrogen. As the oxidizer absorbs electrons, it gets reduced. However, the reactant passes through oxidation by allowing the oxidizer to take its electrons. The name-brand example of an oxidising agent is oxygen.
When the majority or all of the atoms on a single metal surface are oxidised, corrosion takes place, harming the surface as a whole.
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a sample of gas weighs 3.33 g and occupies a volume of 1.365 l at 95 °c and 790 torr. identify the gas sample.
Given that 3.33 g of the gas, at 95 °C and 790 torr, occupy a volume of 1.365 L, it is chlorine gas (Cl2).
We will start by counting the amount of moles of the gas. This can be done as follows:
(V) = 1.365 L,
(T) = 95 °C,
(P) = 790 torr,
(n) =?
(T) = 95 + 273 = 368 K
(P) = 790 / 760 = 1.039 atm
(R) = 0.0821 atm
PV = nRT
1.039 * 1.365 = n * 0.0821 * 368
n = 0.0469 mole L/Kmol
Finally, we will ascertain the gas's identity as follows:
n = 0.0469 mole
M = 3.33 g
Molecular mass =?
Molar mass is equal to the product of the mass and the mole.
Molar mass equals 3.33 minus 0.0469
Gas molar mass = 71 g/mol
As a result, we can infer that the gas is chlorine gas (Cl2) because
(Cl) = 35.5 g/mol.
(Cl2) = 2 * 35.5 g/mol
= 71 g/mol
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The molecular mass of methyl ethanoate is 75. 1 amu. Calculate the molecular mass of propanoic acid, an isomer of methyl ethanoate.
Molecular mass of propanoic acid an isomer of methyl ethanoate. is 74.1 amu or 74.1 g/mol.
What does isomer mean?Isomers can be defined as molecules with the same number of atoms of the same element but with different structural arrangements and properties.
Since the molecular formulas are the same for isomers, they have the same mass. Methyl ethanoate is an isomer of propionic acid so it has the same mass.
there's two type of isomer, geometric isomers and structural isomers
Geometric isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but different atomic arrangements. Geometric isomers have different physical and chemical properties.
An interesting property of geometric isomers is that their groups cannot switch positions independently.
Structural isomers are substances with the same chemical formula but different atomic bonds. Examples of structural isomers are the already mentioned chemicals n-butane and isobutane.
Since the molecular formulas are the same for isomers, they have the same mass.
Methyl ethanoate is an isomer of propionic acid so it has the same mass.
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Which rays are mutagens?
The rays that are mutagens are ultraviolet (UV) light and X-rays. Mutagens are substances or types of radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light or X-rays.
That result in permanent and inherited alterations (mutations). Deoxyribonucleic acid is found in the genetic material of cells (DNA). What makes UV light mutagens. DNA alterations aren't always caused directly by UV exposure. Longer than X-rays but shorter than visible light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation has a wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers (with a corresponding frequency of about 30 PHz) to 400 nanometers (750 THz). mutagens classified as physical, chemical, and biological agents. The first mutagenic agent discovered in 1920 was radiation. Other ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, including neutrons, alpha rays, X-rays, and UV rays, are also mutagenic.
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what would happen to your calculated specific heat of the unknown metal if you had failed to completely dry the metal unknown between trials?
The specific heat would be less than the real number, while the total heat absorbed would be higher.
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a given substance by one degree Celsius is known as the specific heat capacity. All compounds have a unique value that can be used to identify an unknown compound when other methods of identification might not be as useful. One technique, for instance, that may be utilized (with the help of lander robots) to determine the composition of extraterrestrial worlds like Mars is the measurement of specific heat. Additionally, a material's potential industrial applications may be influenced by its specific heat. Materials with low specific heat are frequently employed in heat transmission applications like cooking pots and radiators, while materials with high specific heat can be utilized as insulators in freezers, ovens, etc.
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hexane burns according to the following equation: 2c6h14(g) 19o2(g) 12co2(g) 14h2o(g) what volume of co2 forms when 8.00 l of hexane burn, assuming the two volumes are measured under the same conditions? what volume of oxygen will be needed?
8.00L of hexane burns to produce 48.00L of CO2, if the two volumes are measured under identical circumstances. It takes 76.00L of oxygen.
Considering the response:Calculation:
C₆H₁₄ + 19/2O₂ → 6CO₂ + 7H₂O
where 6 moles of CO2 and 7 moles of H2O are produced when 1 mole of hexane combines with 19/2 moles of oxygen.
Volume is directly proportional to moles of gas according to Avogadro's law.6 moles of CO2 are created when 1 mole of hexane reacts with 8.00 liters, and their volume is as follows:
8.00L ₓ 6 = 48.0L
48.00L of CO₂ are formed.Again, 19/2 moles of oxygen are required for a full combustion of hexane. You need: Given that you have 8.0L of hexane.
8.00L × (19/2) =76.00L
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a sample of neon gas collected at stp occupies a volume of 37.3 l. how many moles of gas does the sample contain?
2.17 moles of gas does the sample contain in a sample of neon gas collected at stp occupies a volume of 37.3 l.
What is noble gas?
Noble gases form a class of chemical elements with similar properties. Under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with little chemical reactivity. The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radioactive radon.
Therefore, 2.17 moles of gas does the sample contain in a sample of neon gas collected at stp occupies a volume of 37.3 l. Noble gases form a class of chemical elements with similar properties. Under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with little chemical reactivity.
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What are the 3 major types of chemical bonds?
Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible.
a. True
b. False
The statement is true. Pressure has very little effect when it comes to solubility of liquids and solids because they are incompressible.
The solubility of liquids and solids is mostly remain unaffected by external pressure. On the other hand, as the partial pressure of the gas above the solution rises, so does solubility of gases.
Most substances' solubility is highly influenced by temperature and, in the case of gases, by pressure. Most solid or liquid solutes become more soluble with the rising temperature. In many cases, the fractional crystallization, which divides the compounds according to their solubility's, can separate constituents of a mixture. A gas becomes less soluble as the temperature rises. The link between pressure and a gas's solubility is described by Henry's law.
Solids and liquids show almost no change in the solubility with changes in the pressure.
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What type of bond is formed between two atoms of chlorine?
228 88ra 88228ra then decays through a series of beta-minus decays; eventually, another isotope of thorium, 228 90th 90228th , is formed. how many beta-minus decays will occur during this chain process?
2 beta-minus decays during this chain process.
In electron emission, also known as terrible beta decay, an unstable nucleus emits an energetic electron and an antineutrino with little or in all likelihood no relaxation mass, and a neutron in the nucleus will become a proton that stays inside the product nucleus.
Beta minus particle emission happens while the ratio of neutrons to protons inside the nucleus is simply too high. An extra neutron transforms into a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus and the electron is ejected energetically.
Beta-minus radiation, the emission of an electron and an anti-neutrino, occurs whilst a neutron transforms right into a proton. The opposite method, whereby a proton becomes a neutron thru the emission of a positron and a neutrino, is the supply of beta-high-quality radiation.
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2. The melting point of tin is about 232°C. Germanium is an element in the same group as tin on the periodic table, but its melting point is about 938°C. What could you infer about the metallic bonding in Germanium from this information?
Since the melting point of Germanium is higher than Tin, the metallic bonding in Germanium is stronger than that of Tin.
What is metallic bonding?Metallic bonding is the bonding that exists between the atoms of the elements in a metal.
Metallic bonding occurs as a result of the electrostatic attraction between an electron cloud of delocalized electrons and the positively charged metal ions.
The stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction between the electron cloud of delocalized electrons and the positively charged metal ions, the stronger will be the metal and the higher will be the melting point of the metallic atom.
The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the solid is converted to heat on the addition of heat without an increase in the temperature of the solid.
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Who is responsible for making and updating a chemical inventory list?
Employers are responsible for making and updating a chemical inventory list. Every hazardous chemical in the workplace that exposes or might expose employees under normal usage settings or in anticipated emergencies requires an SDS from the employer.
This implies that they must likewise create and keep track of a list of all such compounds used at work. The employer must seek an SDS from the manufacturer or importer in writing within seven days of noticing that an SDS or all of its necessary information is missing from the manufacturer or importer. Employers are required to keep SDSs for any hazardous compounds in the workplace. If you do not immediately get an SDS from your provider, you must request one. You must also guarantee that SDSs are easily available to employees in their work locations throughout shifts.
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According to molecular orbital theory, the regions of the wave function with the highest probability of finding electrons are areas with _______.
According to molecular orbital theory, the regions of the wave function with highest probability of finding electrons are areas with constructive interface.
Molecular orbital theory describes the behavior of electrons in a molecule in terms of combinations of the atomic wavefunctions. The resulting molecular orbitals may extend over all the atoms in the molecule. Bonding molecular orbitals are formed by in-phase combinations of atomic wavefunctions, and electrons in these orbitals stabilize a molecule. Antibonding molecular orbitals result from out-of-phase combinations and electrons in these orbitals make a molecule less stable. Molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in much the same way that the distribution of electrons in atoms is described using atomic orbitals. Molecular orbitals are combinations of atomic orbital wave functions.
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What is the composition of the sigma bonds in methane i.e. what atomic orbits comprise the molecular orbit? Hint: they are all the same, so there is only one kind sigma bond here.
Covalent bonds of sigma type are present in methane where in the hybridization of each bond is σ sp³-σ sp³.
What are covalent bonds?Covalent bond is defined as a type of bond which is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between the two atoms.These electron pairs are called as bonding pairs or shared pair of electrons.
Due to the sharing of valence electrons , the atoms are able to achieve a stable electronic configuration . Covalent bonding involves many types of interactions like σ bonding,π bonding ,metal-to-metal bonding ,etc.
Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bonds while the pi bonds are weaker covalent bonds .Covalent bonds are affected by electronegativities of the atoms present in the molecules.Compounds having covalent bonds have lower melting points as compared to those with ionic bonds.
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A sealed cylinder fitted with a movable piston contains ideal gas at 27°c, pressure 0.500 × 10^5 pa, and volume 1.1 m^3. What will be the final temperature if the gas is compressed to 0.800 m3 and the pressure rises to 0.820 × 10^5 pa?
Using the combination law equation, its final temperature would be 42°C B K if the gas was compressed to 0.800 m3 and the pressure increased to 0.820105 Pa.
How can the temperature of such a mixture be determined?Apply the equation, where m1 и m2 are the weights of water contained in the first and two containers, T1 and T2 are the temperatures of the water contained in the first and second containers, to determine the final temperature mixture.
T2=0.820×105 Pa0.5×105 Pa0.8 m31.25 m3(300 K =314.88 K
Convert the unit of the temperature from the kelvin to degree Celsius.
T2=314.88 K-273 K =41.88 °C
Are the starting temperature and the ending temperature the same?It is necessary for the final temperature to match the starting temperature. The internal energy must match the internal energy at the beginning and end. There must be no net heat added to the system during the procedure.
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what is the major difference between plaster and stone powders? group of answer choices a. color b. crystal structure c. powder particle packing d. sterilization techniques e. hydration state
Option A: Color
More measuring water (measured water) is needed for plaster in order to wet the powder surfaces, fill the pores, and float the irregularly shaped porous particles. Stone particles are dense, requiring less water to float them, and can roll over one another more readily due to their regular shape.
Plaster is less durable and less expensive than stone. It is mostly used to create casts for diagnostic purposes and casts for the production of full and partial dentures, which require more strength and surface hardness than plaster can provide. Although it can be found in numerous colors, the stone is often a light tan color.
It's crucial to understand the special qualities of both plaster and stone before making your decision. Plaster is a less polished substance that can be identified by its irregularly formed crystals under the microscope. Plasters often include 40–50 milliliters of water per 100 grams of powder, which is a greater water to powder ratio.
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determination of the mass of magnesium what errors may have occurred during the experiment and how would these have altered your results?
Students who at least have a basic knowledge of the mole idea and can utilise chemical equations to do calculations should be able to complete this class experiment.
What is Atomic Mass?
No matter how little or huge, every particle of matter carries some mass. Atoms make up everything. Atomic mass is the term used to describe a particle's mass. According to the international agreement, this is often stated in terms of a single atomic mass unit (amu).
It is best described as having a mass that is 1/12 of that of a carbon-12 atom in its ground state. The mass of protons and neutrons added together, which is almost equal to the atomic mass, can be used to explain the mass of an atom. The loss of mass from the binding energy is what caused this little alteration.
In this experiment, students create hydrogen gas by reacting magnesium ribbon with diluted hydrochloric acid. The quantity of magnesium needed to make one mole of hydrogen molecules may then be calculated using the observed volume of hydrogen gas produced and the mass of magnesium. Students can determine the relative atomic mass of magnesium from this.
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he synthesis of water is described by the
quation 2H₂ + O2
ecomposition
2H₂O. How is the tr
of water related to this
action? Explain, using a chemical equation.
I NEED HELP ASAP!!!PLEASE!!
AnswerE
Explanation: E
please help i do not know how to do
Answer:
zero
Explanation:
The correct option is 4) Zero
a pure substance which can only be seperated into two or more simpler substances using chemcial changes is called
A pure substance that can only be separated into two or more simpler substances using chemical changes is called a chemical compound.
A chemical compound is a type of pure substance that is made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together. These elements are combined in a fixed ratio, and the resulting compound has different properties than the individual elements. For example, water (H2O) is a chemical compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds, and the resulting compound has the unique properties of being a liquid at room temperature and being essential for life.In order to separate a chemical compound into its constituent elements, a chemical reaction is required. This process involves breaking the chemical bonds between the atoms and forming new bonds between the atoms of the individual elements. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as electrolysis or heating the compound to high temperatures. The resulting elements will have the same physical and chemical properties as the original elements, but will no longer be bonded together as a compound.
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