Draw a cross-section of the spinal cord and show how the three types of neurons are involved in reflex action. Make sure to show how these neurons interface with the leg. Is the brain involved in this pathway? why or why not?.
Answers
The brain is not involved in a reflex action, because reflex action is spontaneous without going through the thought process. All three types of neurons are involved in reflex action: Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord → delay neuron → motor neuron → effector → reflex.
How does the reflex action occur?Reflex movements in the body occur when there is stimulation received by nerve cells or neurons in the body. Examples of these stimuli are hot temperatures or the presence of water droplets that enter the eye
The mechanism begins with a stimulus from the outside. The range will be felt by the receptors. The receptor then sends electrical impulses about what it feels on sensory neurons. Impulses are then sent through delay neurons. Delay neurons are interneurons that are in the spinal cord and connect sensory neurons to motor neurons. The delay neurons then send impulses to the motor neurons and then to the effectors to create reflexes.
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Related Questions
What would you predict to be the effect on an animal species of having longer loops of henle in their kidney structure? select all that apply.
a. They can reabsorb more water, glucose, and amino acids in the ascending limb.
b. They can produce less concentrated urine (one with a higher concentration of water).
c. They would be better able to survive in desert or dry habitats than animals with shorter loops.
d. They can produce greater concentration gradients of electrolytes in the deep medulla of the kidney.
Answers
An species of animal with a long loop of Henle in its kidney structure is able to survive better in desert and dry habitats than an animal with a short loop. The correct answer is (c).
Kidneys also remove acids produced by the body's cells and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals (such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium) in the blood. Kidneys are important for cleaning the blood and removing urinary waste products from the body.
It also has important functions to maintain homeostasis in the body, such as regulation of acid-base balance, concentration of electrolytes, regulation of blood pressure, and secretion of hormones.
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Pls Help!! How are human activities affecting global warming?
Answers
It has been proposed that human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation affect global warming because they increase the concentration of greenhouse gases.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases are different types of gases released to the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide or methane which produce a type of greenhouse effect by trapping the solar radiation into the earth's surface, which otherwise will be reflected into space.
It has been shown that such different greenhouse gases may affect the temperature of the earth by increasing several Celsius degrees since the industrial revolution, which was a point of break in the release of industrial gases such as carbon dioxide.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that greenhouse gases may be associated with human activities and therefore it has been proposed that this factor may increase global warming by producing a greenhouse effect.
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A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world. What did these conditions cause?.
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Around 55 mya, there was a sudden rise in temperature that brought about tropical conditions all across the world, which led to the adaptive radiation of Euprimates.
How does adaptive radiation operate?Adaptive radiation, a form of evolution from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage, produces new species. This process is brought about through natural selection. An example of adaptive radiation is the Darwin finch, which may be seen on Galapagos Island.
Why utilize adaptive radiation, you ask?Adaptive radiation is a process in evolutionary theory whereby animals rapidly diverge with such an ancestral species it in to a variety of different forms. Adaptive radiation occurs when such an environmental change gets new available resources, modifies biotic interactions, and creates new environmental niches.
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The function of Sperm cells is _____________
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Answer:
It is to be released and meet up with the female egg cell.
Explanation:
how does knowing about earth's interior help scientist prepare for natural disasters??
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Scientists are able to comprehend the interior of the Earth by studying seismic waves. These waves, which are made up of energy, behave like other types of waves including sound, light, and water waves as they travel through the Earth's atmosphere.
We now recognize the locations and causes of the majority of natural disasters thanks to the scientific approach. For instance, we now know why over 90% of all earthquakes and volcanoes occur in the Pacific Ocean's outer borders, known as the Ring of Fire, thanks to the idea of plate tectonics. The explanation for why certain volcanoes are more explosive and active than others has also been aided by the notion of plate tectonics. We also know that various tectonic plate borders result in various fault lines, and consequently, various kinds of earthquakes.
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A plant can continue on with photosynthesis if it loses all of its chlorophyll because it contains other pigments like carotenoids. True or False?
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Answer:
It's false, without chlorophyll a plant can't produce food meaning no photosynthesis.
Answer:
false.
Explanation:
because if a plant doesn't have energy it will die
help pls. i’ll give u brainliest fr
Answers
Answer: Covalent Bond
Explanation:
When carbon atoms bond with each other, it makes a covalent bond.
antiviral therapy for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) usually consists of a protease inhibitor that interferes with which step of the infection cycle?
Answers
Protease inhibitor interferes with the Cleavage of polypeptide chains to make functional HIV proteins.
Antiviral therapy is used to treat viral infections, Because they are effective against retroviruses like HIV, some of these medications are referred to as antiretrovirals.
Protease inhibitors are medications that prevent the polyprotein from being cleaved into functional proteins. Protease is a protein-based chemical that regularly breaks the polyprotein into useful proteins, so hindering, or repressing, protease forestalls this fundamental stage of viral multiplication.
The body's protease enzyme is necessary for HIV replication. Drugs called protease inhibitors to stop protease enzymes from working. The HIV life cycle is disrupted as a result of this because protease enzymes are prevented from contributing to HIV's ability to multiply. thus cleavage of the polypeptide chain stops and no further functional HIV proteins will be made. This prevents the virus from spreading.
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Key examples of index fossils include several species of _______, which are an extinct group of marine animals whose hard-shelled bodies had three sections.
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Key examples of index fossils include several species of Trilobite ,which are an extinct group of marine animals whose hard-shelled bodies had three sections.
Index fossil, are any animal or plant preserved in the rock record and have characteristic of a particular era of geologic time or environment. useful index fossil must be different or easily to identify, abundant, and should be available widely through out the geological time.
Index fossils are found mainly in sedimentary rocks. They are an essential means in stratigraphy studies in order to compare the geological ages of sedimentary rock formations. Examples are ammonites and graptolites.
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8) in peas, yellow seed (e) is dominant over green seed (e), and round seed (r) is dominant over wrinkled seed (r). if a pure-breeding round yellow seed producing plant is crossed with a pure-breeding wrinkled green seed producing plant, what genotype(s) and phenotype(s) would you expect in the f1 generation? if you cross the f1 plants, what phenotype(s) would you expect in the f2 generations? use a punnett square to illustrate your answers.
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While the other parent has the homozygous recessive genotype, one parent has the homozygous dominant genotype. All of the offspring in the F1 generation share the same heterozygous genotype and dominant phenotype.
What phenotypes could you expect in the f2 generation if you crossed the f1 plants?F1 generation plants are let to freely breed with one another to produce F2. The plants from the F2 generation will grow tall and slender in a 3:1 ratio. However, not all tall plants share the same genotype. There will be a 2:1 ratio between tall homozygotes and tall heterozygotes.
Which phenotype will the F1 generation exhibit?What are the F1 generation's genotype and phenotype? Round and yellow seeds are the F1 generation's trait and the genotype is RrYy.
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association of reca with an incoming piece of foreign dna is required for a cell to complete which of the following processes? choose one:a. metabolize the dna as a food sourceb. exchange the incoming dna with a homologous region on the chromosomec. degrade one strand of a dsdna moleculed. transcribe the dna into mrnae. maintain the dna as a plasmid
Answers
For a cell to exchange incoming foreign DNA with a homologous area on the chromosome, RecA must associate with the foreign DNA.
In vitro, the RecA protein catalyses strand pairing and transfer between homologous DNA molecules, activities that start homologous recombination. RecA protein forms a helical filament on single-strand DNA (ssDNA).
RecA is crucial for bacterial cell survival against DNA damage. Its eukaryotic homologs play a crucial role in guarding against inherited diseases like cancer. RecA creates a helical filament on single-stranded to facilitate homologous recombination.
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What are two areas in the cerebral hemispheres responsible for speech? in which lobes of the brain are they located?.
Answers
Wernicke's area and Broca's area in the cerebral hemispheres responsible for speech.
Broca's and Wernicke's areas are cortical areas that specialize in human language production and comprehension, respectively. Wernicke area, a region of the brain containing motor neurons involved in speech comprehension. Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, described this area for the first time in 1874. The Wernicke area is located in the posterior third of the left hemisphere's upper temporal convolution.
Broca's area is an important component of a complex speech network, interacting with the flow of sensory information from the temporal cortex, developing a plan for speaking, and passing that plan on to the motor cortex, which controls mouth movements.
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a population of ground squirrels have been separated from each other by the increase in size of a river and canyon. the populations cannot migrate between each other and are separated for more than 100 years. the populations are eventually re-connected by a land bridge but are now unable to reproduce to produce fertile offspring. this situation is an example of:
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The populations are eventually re-connected by a land bridge but are now unable to reproduce to produce fertile offspring is an example of Allopatric speciation and reproductive isolation.
A collection of creatures of the same species that coexist and breed in the same location at the same time is called a population, for example, humans. It is a portion of a species' total population that lives in a particular region of the globe. A species can be dispersed either randomly or deliberately among the various regions of the earth, including nations, towns, forests, ecosystems, etc.
Within the original population, speciation entails the reproductive isolation of groups and the development of genetic variations between the two groups.
In allopatric speciation due to geographical barriers groups become reproductively isolated and diverge.
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RNA polymerase is an enzyme that can make molecules of RNA from a single _______ strand.
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The process of the formation of an RNA molecule from DNA is called transcription. The answer to this question is the DNA strand.
Roberto creates an animation titled “Flying through an Atom.” The animation makes it seem as if the viewer passes all the way through an atom, starting from one side, then through the atom’s center, and then leaving through the other side.
What is the best description of the order of events in the animation?
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he going there the atom seeing everything in it until the end form the start
Describe the effect that a rapid and dramatic increase of secondary consumers would have on producers.
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A rapid and dramatic increase of secondary consumers will also cause an increase in the producers.
Secondary consumers are those animals that feed on primary consumers. For instance, in a food chain carnivores are the secondary consumers as they feed on the primary consumers i.e., herbivores. Herbivores feed on the producers. If the secondary consumers increase, they will feed and decrease the population of primary consumers and in turn the population of producers will increase.
Producers are the species that make their own food. Plants are the example of producers. In all of the food chains producers are the beginners, except the detritus food chains. The food chains that begin with producers are called the grazing food chains.
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Compare and contrast a series and parallel circuit. Give at least one way that they are alike and one way they are different.
This is physical science btw
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When we talk about series circuit, the current that flows is same through all the components present in it. but in parallel circuits, the components are placed in parallel with each other due to which the circuit splits the current flow.
A parallel circuit has branches in order that current divides and single part of it flows through any branch. Total amount of current that flow in parallel circuit is sum of each branches.
A series circuits is a circuit that has single path through which current passes . A series circuit is one where resistors are connected up, and the current passes through each resistor .
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what are the benefits of using gmo salmon?
Answers
As with any other GMO, has benefits and consequences, here we will focus on the benefits, GMO salmons are engineered to grow faster and larger, this is a way to obtain more protein and biomass in less time increasing the production rate, as well as diminishing food intake and in consequence costs and environmental resources.
What was the reason for Mendel to use pea plants in his experiments?
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Answer:
He chose peas because they had been used for similar studies, are easy to grow and can be sown each year.
a mutant dna polymerase that increases the frequency of strand slippage would increase the frequency of which type of mutation?
Answers
The frequency of triplet-repeat expansion would rise in the presence of a defective DNA polymerase that boosts strand slippage.
What is DNA polymerase?A DNA polymerase belongs to a group of enzymes that catalyzing the synthesis of Dna strands using nucleoside triphosphates, which are the basic building blocks of DNA. These enzymes, which are necessary for DNA replication, typically function in groups to split one single original DNA duplex into two identical DNA duplexes. One nucleotide at the a time, DNA polymerase inserts nucleotides to a DNA strand's three primary (3')-end. DNA polymerases are needed to duplicate a cell's DNA each time it divides in order to send a replica of the original DNA molecule to each daughter cell. This is how genetic information is transmitted down through the generations.
These enzymes help the chemical process to happen.
Deoxynucleoside Triphosphate + DNAn ⇌ Pyrophosphate + DNAn+1.
What does a DNA polymerase do?A dual DNA molecule is duplicated to two identical DNA molecules during the dna replication Process, which is carried out by DNA polymerase. With the help of the polymerase chain reaction, generally known as PCR, scientists have been able to duplicate DNA molecules inside test tubes. DNA polymerase alpha (Pol ), DNA polymerase delta (Pol ), & DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ) are at least 3 DNA polymerases needed in eukaryotic genome replication (1). By creating an RNA/DNA hybrid primer, Pol starts the synthesis of both the leading & lagging strands of DNA.
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what is the equation for cellular respiration?
Answers
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ ATP/energy)
what is the relationship between tissues, organs, and organ system?
Answers
Answer:
.
Explanation:
Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems.
If an organism has a diploid number of 6 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible in its gametes?.
Answers
Eight distinct pairings both sister chromatids are possible in an organism's gametes if it contains six diploid chromosomes.
Why do gametes matter?
Gamtes are a term used to describe an organism's reproductive cells. the cells is another name for them. gametes are also known as sperm for males and oocytes or egg cells for females. gametes are composed of haploid cells, which contain only one copy of each chromosome per cell.
Are there gametes in humans?
The pair of chromosomes in gametes, which are also known as reproductive cells, is also referred to as haploid. human gametes is haploid cells with 23 chromosomes, one of which is found in each of the chromosome pairs found in diplod cells.
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I’ve missed a bunch of days due to covid so I don’t understand any of this I really just need the answers lol
Answers
Generally, for fast-dividing mammalian cells, the length of the cycle is approximately 24 hours. G1 is typically the longest phase of the cell cycle. Cells usually remain in G1 for about 1o hours of the 24 hours of the cell cycle. Usually, cells will take between 5 to 6 hours to complete S phase. G2 is shorter, lasting only 3 to 4 hours in most cells. In sum, then, interphase generally takes between 18 to 20 hours. Mitosis, during which the cell makes preparations for and completes cell division only takes about 2 hours.
From the given figure, mitosis takes 15 % of the 24 hours cell cycle. Plese see solution below:
24 hours x 15 / 100 = 3.6 hours
how does the nonpolar middle of the phospholipid bilayer prevent materials from flowing freely inside and outside the cell
Answers
Since the nonpolar middles are hydrophobic, they are drawn together. Only organelles and proteins can pass through the thick wall created as a result.
Both the exterior and inner surfaces of biological membranes are hydrophobic. Nonpolar molecules can flow through the membrane as long as they are not too large since they do not interact with the polar hydrophobic/hydrophilic membrane. The cell membrane's inside is hydrophobic, meaning that water won't be attracted to it. In order to effectively separate fluid inside the cell from fluid outside the cell, phospholipids form a two-layer cell membrane.
As a result, the nonpolar middles are hydrophobic and are pulled toward one another. As a result, a thick barrier is formed so that only organelles and proteins can cross.
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A __________ is a membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life
THANKS!
Answers
Answer:
a cell
Explanation:
hope it helps
hope it helps
What sentence best supports the staternent that hormones are involved in the regulation of homeostasas? The hormone melatonin induces sleep and its production is slowed by exposure to light. The hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system and is produced when the body is under stress. The hormone oxytocin promotes labor contractions of the uterus during childbirth. The hormone erythropoeitin increases the production of red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.
Answers
The sentence that supports the statement that hormones are involved in the regulation of homeostasis is: The hormone erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.
Homeostasis is the condition of maintaining the adequate conditions inside the living body that are most suitable for its survival. It is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions. The correct temperature, adequate oxygen concentrations, adequate fluids inside the body are the examples of homeostasis.
Erythropoietin is the hormone produced by the kidney cells that enhances the production of RBCs in the body. This in turn enhances the oxygen concentration inside the body.
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select all of the hormones that are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. multiple select question. oxytocin antidiuretic hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone growth hormone insulin
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The hormones that are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland include the following below:
Growth hormone (GH)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).What is Hormone?This is referred to as chemical messengers which are released into the bloodstream and are responsible for the control of certain reactions in the body system. They are mostly produced by glands and they have their unique features and functions which they perform in the endocrine system of an individual.
The anterior pituitary gland is located at the front lobe of your pituitary gland and they produce hormones such as growth hormone, drenocorticotropic hormone etc.
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one reason that atp is a source of energy is that the products of atp hydrolysis have less free energy than the reactants. why?
Answers
ATP is a source of energy is that the products of hydrolysis of ATP have less free energy than the reactants because :
Hydrogen bonding between free phosphate and water, Resonance stabilization of free phosphate, Electrostatic repulsion in ATPDue to the high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP molecules, a significant amount of free energy is released during hydrolysis. The initial hydrolysis of ATP takes place at the gamma phosphate and results in the production of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.
7.3 kcal/mol of energy is released during the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule (G = 7.3 kcal/mol of energy).
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where would you expect hydrophobic amino acid residues to be found in a completely folded protein? where would hydrophilic residues be found?
Answers
Hydrophobic amino acids are frequently present in the interior of proteins that are found in the watery environs of cells.
What is hydrophilic and how will it work?Non-polar molecules make up hydrophobic compounds, which resist water bodies while drawing in other neutral molecules including non-polar solvents. Alkanes and other types of lipids are examples of these compounds.
What causes water to be hydrophobic?The hydrophobic interactions are caused by these two characteristics of water, namely polarization and its capacity to form potent hydrogen atoms with other polar molecules. Water's polarity allows it to easily form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules, which allows it to dissolve other polar molecules.
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