Protease inhibitor interferes with the Cleavage of polypeptide chains to make functional HIV proteins.
Antiviral therapy is used to treat viral infections, Because they are effective against retroviruses like HIV, some of these medications are referred to as antiretrovirals.
Protease inhibitors are medications that prevent the polyprotein from being cleaved into functional proteins. Protease is a protein-based chemical that regularly breaks the polyprotein into useful proteins, so hindering, or repressing, protease forestalls this fundamental stage of viral multiplication.
The body's protease enzyme is necessary for HIV replication. Drugs called protease inhibitors to stop protease enzymes from working. The HIV life cycle is disrupted as a result of this because protease enzymes are prevented from contributing to HIV's ability to multiply. thus cleavage of the polypeptide chain stops and no further functional HIV proteins will be made. This prevents the virus from spreading.
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The animation illustrates one mechanism of transduction. What is a different possible mechanism of transduction?.
A phage that was in a lysogenic life cycle excises itself from the host's genome and some of the host's DNA is excised along with the phage DNA.
What is transduction ?The phospholipase C-protein kinase C (PLC-PKC) pathway is stimulated after Gq proteins are activated, leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. This transduction mechanism is what causes this neuroexcitation.
Generalized and specialised transduction are the two types. Any part of the host's genome can be acquired by the bacteriophages through generalised transduction. Contrarily, with specialised transduction, bacteriophages only take up a limited range of the host's DNA.Learn more about Transduction here:
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Nucleus,cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleolus,vacuoles, lysosomes,ribosomes, nuclear membrane,centriole,chromatin,
Golgi complex , endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplast
Answer:nucleus
Explanation:
During cytokines, what is occurring?
A. Cell divides into two daughter cells
B. Cell divides into two sister cells
C. Chromosomes pull away from the middle of the cell
D. DNA replicates
Answer: A. Cell divides into two daughter cells
Explanation:
During cytokine, the large cell must divide into two daughter cells to the last phase of meiosis.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate reason why freshwater biomes are important?A.They supply freshwater to support life on Earth.B. They store freshwater and do not release it.C. They contain more water than the oceans.D. They provide a limitless supply of fresh water.
The best option would be the letter A. They supply freshwater to support life on Earth.
Freshwater is the ultimate source of water in the terrestrial biome. It is not only important in the terrestrial biome but also in the aquatic ecosystem as it helps in transporting nutrients (ex. river is connected to the ocean).
in a large maternity hospital in copenhagen, there were 94,075 births. ten of the infants were achondroplastic dwarfs. achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant trait show virtually full penetrance. only two of the afflicted children had a dwarf parent. what is the mutation rate of the achondroplasia gene in this populations?
the mutation rate of the achondroplasia gene in this population is 8.50 × 10⁻⁵
It is Given that Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder,
The total births = 94075,
Dwarfism achondroplasia affects ten infants.
The parents of two infants are also dwarfs. As a result, they passed on this condition to them.
Dwarfism caused by achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition. Therefore, those who inherit them from their parents must also have dwarf parents; those who do not have dwarf parents are the result of an achondroplasia gene mutation.
Infants having achondroplasia because of mutation = 10 - 2 = 8
8 infants have the achondroplasia gene mutation.
mutation rate = Infants with gene mutation / Total Infants
mutation rate = 8 / 94075 = 0.0000850 = 8.50 × 10-5
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Mendels law of segregation states:A. Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes B. Two alleles from each gene move apart from each other during gamete formation C. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene and these alleles may be the same or different D. All of the above
Mendel's law of segregation refers to the fact that each individual has two alleles of the same gene, and these alleles are separated in the formation of the gametes, so each gamete has only 1 allele of each gene.
This means that the two alleles of each gene will be in separate gametes (A and B are true) and that each individual has two alleles of each gene (C is true).
So, the right answer would be D) All of the above
Which of the following Kingdoms cannot get energy from Photosynthesis? A. Eubacteria B. Fungi C. Protista D. Planate
As we know there are three types of organisms capable to perform photosynthesis cyanobacteria (eubacteria), plants (Plantae), and algae (protist), so we can say that the correct answer is option B fungi.
in the collection of data, list at least 3 important constants
The person who will collect the data, the environment in which the data will be collected, and the element who will provide the data. Hope this helped!
How does Claire’s diagnosis explain why 1 mL of liquid from her small intestine digested protein slowly but 1 mg of her pure protease digested protein normally?
The explanation that can be given for the slow digestion of proteins is that the liquid from the small intestine contained negligible amount of the proteolytic enzymes as compared to the pure isolated form of protease enzyme.
The enzymes which are responsible for the digestion of proteins are known as proteolytic enzymes. They are also termed as proteases. Proteolytic enzymes are synthesized by plants, animals, bacteria as well as fungi. Protease enzyme is necessary for the breakdown as well as absorption of proteins.
This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds that are present in a protein molecule and transforms them into dipeptides, tripeptides as well as amino acids.
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In a particular bacterial cell, β-galactosidase is at high concentrations but b-galactoside permease is at very low concentrations. Which is the most likely explanation?.
In a specific bacterial cell, b-galactoside permease is found in relatively low concentrations compared to large levels of -galactosidase, which is due to a mutation in one of structural genes.
What constitutes a mutation?
an alteration to the typical dna sequence so at particular gene locus. polymorphisms, which are mutations, can have a positive, negative, or neutral impact on how cells function, despite the fact that the term is frequently used negatively.
A mutation results in what?
A genetic mutation occurs to the dna sequence of a gene that results in the production of an alternative. The dna sequence of that gene undergoes a permanent alteration as a result. for humans to evolve a evolution that occurs over a number of generations genetic variety is crucial. One individual experiences a random genetic mutation.
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Amari sorted knives, forks, and spoons when he put them in
the kitchen drawer.
What is most likely the way Amari sorted the silverware?
Shape
O Size
O Matter
Color
What is true of the elevation of every point along any given contour line?
Answer:
Every point on a contour line is of the exact same elevation
Explanation:
Every point on a contour line is of the exact same elevation. In other words, contour lines connect points of equal elevation. By definition, contour lines separate points of higher elevation from points of lower elevation.
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1. According to Chargaff's rule, if a DNA molecule contains 36% cytosine, how much thymine, guanine and adenine
are there?
As per Chargaff's rule the amount of DNA present in purine is equal to the amount in pyrimidines. G=C , guanine is 36%, A+T+G+C + 100% if C and G are 36 and 36 both, the remaining A and T are 100-72= 28 that is 14 and 14.
What is a DNA made up of ?A DNA is made up of deoxyribonucleotides along with the ribose sugar and the phosphorous group. The collective is DNA.
According to CHAR GAFF it is the amount of DNA present in purine is equal to the amount of DNA present in pyrimidines where the both are having equal amount.
A=T are having 14% and 14% whereas C and G are having 36% and 36%.
Therefore the ratios are 14,14,36 and 36.
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In animal cells, ___ produce spindles fibers that help pull apart chromosomes during
A.cell division.
B. prophases
C. centrioles
D.interphases
Answer:
A, Cell division
Explanation:
During cell division, in the phase called "anaphase" the spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes to separate sides.
Since we now know it is from the phase anaphase, it could not be B or D.
We are now left with A and C.
Centrioles function is to organize the spindle fibers, this has nothing to do with pulling apart chromosomes.
Cell division has phases(PMAT), one of which is anaphase where this function occurs.
Please help me with this question
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Explain how water that started in the ocean could end up in a river inland.
Water that started in the ocean could end up in a river inland as a result of the hydrological cycle via precipitation and also through land runoff.
What is Hydrological cycle?This is also referred to as a biogeochemical cycle and it depicts the continuous movement of water in different areas on the surface of the Earth.
Precipitation such as rain, snow helps to ensure that water is recycled in the ecosystem so as to prevent shortage or scarcity of such important resource in the ecosystem.
When there are high tides in the ocean , the water rises and moves several kilometers to other water bodies such as rivers thereby turning it from river freshwater into brackish water which is therefore the way in which the water from the ocean gets to the river.
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Many of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell occur in thewatery material lying between the nucleus and the cell membrane.This material is calledA. cytoplasmC. cell wallB. chloroplast D. blood plasma
The answer is letter A. cytoplasm. It is known to have a water substance where the cell organelles are suspended, and it is also a site for the biochemical processes within the cell.
Which term matches this definition?
data that is numerical
A. quantitative data
B. qualitative data
C. precision data
D. trend data
ITS A
Respiration occurs at which of the following structures of the respiratory system?
A.
Alveolar ducts
B.
Alveoli
C.
Bronchioles
D.
Lungs
The respiratory system's alveoli are where breathing takes place (option -B) is correct answer.
Where in the respiratory system does respiration occur?in the lungs
The bronchi within the lungs branch into smaller bronchi and still smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Alveoli, which are tiny air sacs at the ends of bronchioles, are where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Your lungs, blood vessels, and airways are all a part of it. A component of the respiratory system are the muscles that move your lungs. Together, these components circulate oxygen throughout the body and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.
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what would happen to your nervous system of the neurotransmitters in your body were suddenly blocked from passing into the synaptic spaces
If the nervous system of the neurotransmitters in your body were suddenly blocked from passing into the synaptic spaces then your neurons would not be able to communicate and you would die.
If your body lacked sufficient neurotransmitters, your neurons would be unable to communicate with one another, and you would pass away. Neurotransmitters are important because neurons need them to communicate.
If a medicine suppressed the neurotransmitter receptors, the damaged neurons would be unable to communicate with other neurons or tissues. This occasionally has positive benefits for the organism, but it can also be harmful or even fatal.
These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic gap, attach to receptors on postsynaptic cells, change the membrane potential of those cells, and potentially even trigger the postsynaptic neuron to repeat the cycle.
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Answer:
you would die
Explanation:
if the cells stopped working you will die
if the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed, if the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed, sensory input would be blocked. efferent fibers would be blocked. the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. output to visceral organs would be blocked. output to skeletal muscles would be blocked.
Ventral and dorsal nerve roots compose the spinal nerves. The posterior/dorsal root is composed of afferent fibers carrying sensory information. A) sensory input would be blocked.
What are the roots of the spinal nerve?Spinal nerves are composed of motor and sensory fibers. They begin as nerve roots that emerge from spinal segments.
The spinal nerve is composed of the anterior and posterior roots. Each segment in the spinal cord has four roots,
anterior/ventral root from the right sideposterior/dorsal root from the right sideanterior/ventral root from the left sideposterior/dorsal root from the left side
Anterior or ventral roots have efferent fibers that drive stimuli from the central nervous system to the target structures.
The motor neurons that control skeletal muscles are located in the ventral roots.
Posterior or dorsal roots contain afferent neurons, that carry sensory information from different structures to the central nervous system.
The cell bodies of the dorsal roots neurons are located in the sensitive ganglia of the spinal nerve.
According to this framework, if the posterior root of a spinal nerve is severed sensory input would be blocked. Option A) is correct.
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What terminology is used to describe a mutation that has no effect on the protein produced from the mutated gene?.
Silent mutation is used to describe a mutation that has no effect on the protein produced from the mutated gene.
Silent mutations are DNA mutations that have no discernible effect on the organism's phenotype. They are a subset of neutral mutations. The terms silent mutation and synonymous mutation are frequently used interchangeably; however, synonymous mutations are not always silent, and vice versa.
A silent mutation is a type of substitution mutation, or point mutation, in which the change in the gene's DNA sequence has no effect on the amino acid sequence.
Silent mutations cause a change in one of the letters in the triplet code that represents a codon, but the amino acid that is coded for remains unchanged or similar in biochemical properties despite the single base change.
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Based on the DNA sequence below, which of the species is most closely related to the unknown species?  Species 1: GTT/CCA/GAA/AAT/CCT Unknown: AAT/CCT/GAA/AAT/CCA. Species 2: ATA/CCT/GTT/AAT/GGA. O Species 1. O Species 2
Based on the DNA sequence, the species that is most closely related to the unknown species is species 1, as it has more homologies than species 2. A bigger distance can be traduced in a higher number of mutations or modifications in the DNA sequence.
The correct answer is: Species 1.
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What is cancer?
Is cancer only one disease?
Explain
Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.
The cancerous cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue, including organs. Cancer sometimes begins in one part of the body before spreading to other areas. These substances capable of damaging DNA and triggering cancer are referred to as carcinogens.
Excessive sun exposure (UV)Chemical carcinogen exposure.High-dose chemotherapy and radiation (mainly in children being treated for existing cancers)Hormonal drugs.Immune-suppressing drugs (taken by transplant recipients)How cancer affects our body: Cancer can grow into, or begin to push on nearby organs, blood vessels, and nerves. This pressure causes some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. Cancer may also cause symptoms like fever, extreme tiredness (fatigue), or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up much of the body's energy supply.
No, cancer isn't a single disease.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Ignoring the body's signal to stop, malignant cells multiply to form tumors in organs and tissues or, in the case of blood cancers, crowd out normal cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow.
Some examples of cancer treatments of cancer are, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Cancer drugs, Hormone therapy, Stem cell, and bone marrow transplants, and Targeted cancer drugs.
A new treatment involving a photosensitizing agent that makes cells more sensitive to light and, by doing so, causes cancer cells to be destroyed when laser light is directed on a cancerous area.
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List and briefly explain four reasons why plants are propagated vegetatively(rather than sexually propagated)
As we know that plants reproduces through the process of vegetative propagation as vegetative propagation can be defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in plants to form new plants from a parent plant part.
What is vegetative propagation?The term vegetative propagation has been defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in the plants to form new plants from a parent plant part. Plants produced by the process of vegetative propagation are identified as clones of their parent plants as there has no involvement of genetic material during the process.
The formation of the new plants through the parts such as bulbs, grafting, tuber, cutting or tissue culture are examples of the process of vegetative propagation.
Therefore, As we know that plants reproduces through the process of vegetative propagation as vegetative propagation can be defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in plants to form new plants from a parent plant part.
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Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to.
Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to. mRNA sequences within the DNA.
Most CCPs prevent activation of the host cell surface complement system and protect host tissues from autoimmune damage. As such, these proteins play important roles in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Membrane-bound complement regulatory protein (mCRP) is one of the factors that perform a tight regulatory function on the complement system, thereby protecting the body from the harmful effects of excess complement.
Control of the complement system is maintained by a group of cell surface and circulating proteins called complement regulatory proteins. Expression of cell surface complement regulatory proteins varies between tissues.
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the metabolism of mannose requires to produce for entry into the glycolytic pathway. i. phosphomannose isomerase; fructose-6-phosphate ii. hexokinase; glucose-6-phosphate iii. hexokinase; fructose-6-phosphate iv. phosphomannose isomerase; glucose-6-phosphate v. phosphofructokinase; bisphosphoglycerate
fructose-6-phosphate; fructomannose isomerase
Mannose enters glycolysis in what way?Mannose first undergoes phosphorylation by hexokinase before entering glycolysis. The phosphomannose isomerase enzyme then isomerises the freshly generated mannose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate. The sugar can now follow the typical glycolytic pathway because it is in the right shape.
Mannose, galactose, and fructose enter the glycolytic process in what way?Through fructose-1-phosphate, glucose enters the glycolytic route, mannose is phosphorylated to become mannose-6-phosphate, and galactose is enzymatically changed into glucose-6-phosphate.
Hexokinase is able to phosphorylate mannose.Although both enzymes can phosphorylate other hexoses including fructose and mannose, they can also support development on glucose.
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Explain how both nucleic acids and proteins are polymers. be sure to describe the monomers that make up the polymers.
Answer:
Both nucleic acids and proteins are made of the repeating monomer units, which is why they are considered polymers. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Proteins are composed of amino acids.
Explanation:
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PLEASE HELP ME ON THIS
Answer:d
Explanation:
1 a 2 d 3 b 4 a
How do metamorphic and igneous rock, exposed in mountains, become sedimentary rock over time?
Answer:
Erosion and weathering
Explanation:
First what is erosion and weathering?
Erosion-Resources worn away and transported by natural forces from one place to another.
Weathering-Being worn away by long exposure to the atmosphere.
Now that we know that, what does this have anything to do with it?
Metamorphic and igneous rocks are weathered and eroded down till they turn into Sediment , after they turn into Sediment, they will be compressed and form sedimentary rocks over time and start the rock cycle again.