an element with the valence electron configuration 3s2 3p2 belongs to group

Pentane has a C5H12 formula, if we take one H and substitute it with an OH (hydroxyl group), we will end up with C5H11OH, and that has a few isomers, which are different structures for the same chemical formula.

C5H11OH can be: Pentan-1-ol; Pentan-2-ol; Pentan-3-ol; Neo-pentanol; 2-methylbutan-1-ol; Iso-pentanol, and more.

On a chemical reaction, we always have formulas on the left and right parts of the equation.

On the left, we have the reactants and on the right we have the products.

An acid is simply a type of chemical, so an acid can appear anywhere on a chemical reaction.

A catalyst is a chemical that participates on the reaction but it is not consumed. The reactants for instance, participate and are consumed.

Because catalyst are not consumed like reactants, thay need to go on another part of the equation so we don't confuse it with the other. Its place is on the arrow of the reaction.

Thus, the fomuala on the arrow is a catalyst.

Answer:

The [H3O+] is 1.58x10-12 M.

Explanation:

To calculate the [H3O+] from the pH, we can use the pH formula and replace the value of pH:

So, the [H3O+] is 1.58x10-12 M.

Answer:

We need 36 moles of Pb(NO3)2.

Explanation:

You can see that in the chemical equation, 1 mol of Pb(NO3)2 reacts with 2 moles of KBr. If we want to know how many moles of Pb(NO3)2 we require, we have to do a rule of three, like this:

And the calculation would be:

For the reaction of Zn with HCl, the ratio is 1 mole of Zn to every 2 moles of HCl. So if there are 8.25 moles of Zn, it is possible to find the moles of HCl by doing the following relation:

1 mole Zn ----- 2 moles HCl

8.25 moles Zn ----- x moles HCl

16.5 moles of HCl are needed to react with 8.25 moles of zinc.

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the pH of the given molecule

Firstly,we write the ionization equation so as to get the number of hydrogen atoms from its dissociation

We have this as:

The Pka value for formic acid is 3.75

We have it that:

Using the ICE equation for the equilibrium constant,we have it that:

Thus, we have:

Since x is very small as opposed to tthe initial acid concentration, we approximate x as 0 below

Thus,we have:

Finally, we know that the pH is the negative logarithm to base 10 of the concentration of hydroxonium ion

The molarity of a solution is the molar concentration of it.

It is calculated by:

Where n is the number of moles of the substance in the solution and V is the total volume of the solution.

The volume was given:

And the number of moles we can calculate using the given mass and the molar mass:

So:

Thus, the molarity is approximately 386 mol/L.

According to the electronic configuration, chlorine is the smallest atom and  selenium has highest ionization energy as selenium  has  4  shells and hence electrons from outermost shell cannot be easily removed thus more energy  is supplied.

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

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Characteristics of nonmetals

1. What characterizes non-metals is that they lack the ability to conduct electricity, therefore they are poor conductors, unlike metals.

2. Non-metallic compounds in general are the basis for forming organic compounds essential for life.

3. Non-metal elements do not reflect light, are non-corrosive and are brittle, and break easily.

4. They also have high electronegativity, so when they form an ionic bond they tend to take electrons.

Higher activation energy results in slower reaction rate. Option D is correct

Activation energy is the energy required needed by compounds or molecules to undergo chemical reactions.

The activation energy of a reaction is related to the rate of reaction. They are both inversely related. In order words, as the activation energy becomes higher, the rate of reaction becomes slower.

Sometimes, when working with ionic compounds like magnesium chloride we talk about formula units instead of molecules, but they are similar.

We are asked for the number of formula units (or molecules) of MgCl₂ that we have in 26.2 g of it.

Before we determine the number of formula units, we have to convert 26.2 g into moles. To do that we will use the molar mass of MgCl₂.

atomic mass of Mg = 24.31 amu

atomic mass of Cl = 35.45 amu

molar mass of MgCl₂ = 24.31 + 2 * 35.45

molar mass of MgCl₂ = 95.21 g/mol

moles of MgCl₂ = mass of MgCl₂/(molar mass of MgCl₂)

moles of MgCl₂ = 26.2 g/(95.21 g/mol)

moles of MgCl₂ = 0.275 moles

Once that we know the number of moles of MgCl₂ that we have in our sample, we can find the number of formula units. According to Avogadro's number, we have 6.022*10^23 formula units in 1 mol of formula units. We will use that conversion to get the answer to our problem.

1 mol of MgCl₂ = 6.022 *10^23 formula units

formula units of MgCl₂ = 0.275 moles of MgCl₂* 6.022 *10^23 formula units/(1 mol of MgCl₂)

formula units of MgCl₂ = 1.66 *10^23 formula units

Answer : 1.66 * 10^23 formula units make up 26.2 g of magnesium chloride.

We are given a speed of 1.02 mm/hr and we have to convert that speed into inches/day. To find the answer to our problem we can use a 2 steps conversion. First we can convert mm into inches and then the hr into days.

We know that there are 25.4 mm in 1 inch. So let's convert it.

25.4 mm = 1 inch

Speed = 1.02 mm/hr * 1 inch / (25.4 mm) = 0.04016 inch/hr

Speed = 0.04016 inch/hr

Then we know that there are 24 hours in 1 day.

24 hrs = 1 day

Speed = 0.04016 inch/hr * 24 hr/(1 day) = 0.964 inch/day

Speed = 0.964 inch/day

The speed of a slime mold in inches per day is 0.964.

Answer

225.5 mol O₂

Procedure

Assuming the complete combustion of heptane, we will consider the following reaction for our calculations.

C₇H₁₆ + 11 O₂ → 7 CO₂ + 8 H₂O

The moles of oxygen can be determined by stoichiometry

Net charge = -1. Option D is correct

Protons are positively charged ion while electrons are negatively charged electron.

Given the following parameters

Determine the net charge

Hence the net charge of this ion is -1

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the ∆°H for the reaction

Mathematically, to get this, we have to subtract the change in enthalpy of the reactants from that of the product

However, we shall not be considering the enthalpy values for single element molecules like hydrogen molecule and oxygen molecule

From the later reactions and values given, we can get the values for carbon (iv) oxide and Ethanol

For Carbon (iv) oxide, we have it as:

For Ethanol, we need to get the value for water

We have that as follows:

For ethanol, that would be: Let us label it e

Chemistry =>Chemical Reactions => Balancing equations

We have the oxidation of iron in the equation.

To balance the equation we must start by counting the atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction.

We will balance the oxygen. We have 2 atoms of oxygen on the reactants. So we write coefficient 2 on the FeO molecule.

Now, we balance the iron. We have 2 Fe atoms, so we write the coefficient 2 on the Fe molecule. We have:

Now, the equation of the reaction is balanced.

Answer: 2Fe + O2 →2FeO

The but-2-ene is a molecule with four carbons and the middle bond, (the second one) is a double-bond.

So, its structure is H₃C-CH=CH-CH₃.

However, the double bond makes two possible isomers, the "e" and "z":

The double bond, differently from the single bond, does not rotate, so these structures are not the same.

In the left one, the carbon groups have higher priority, and they are in alternating sides, bottom and top, and so it is called the E isomer.

In the right one, the carbon groups are on the same side, so it is called the Z isomer.

A real-world example that can demonstrate the relationship between the variables temperature and volume is, for example, when we inflate a balloon for a party.

- First, we fill the ballon with a gas (air).

- Second, if we tie the balloon and heat it with some source of heat, we will see that the ballon begins to increase in volume.

So, as we increase the temperature of the gas inside the ballon, the balloon increases in volume.

This happens because temperature and volume are variables directly proportional through the Ideal Gas Law, whose formula is:

In the formula:

P is the pressure of the gas.

V is the volume of the gas.

n is the number of moles.

R is the constant of the gases.

T is the temperature of the gas.

First, it is the chemical energy because of the batteries, then this energy is transforming to electrical because of the flowing of electrons. Before this, the electrical energy is going to be light energy for the light bulb and finally, we have the heat energy of the light bulb. The order is:

Answer:

3N of sulfuric acid.

Explanation:

Remember that normality is a measure of concentration equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution.

First, let's see the equation of normality:

And let's see that sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a diprotic acid because it contains 2 protons in its structure (2H+), so we're going to use this value to calculate the equivalent mass of solute.

Now, let's replace the given data: molarity is 1.5 M, the molecular mass of solute is the molecular mass of H2SO4 which is 98 g/mol (you can calculate the molecular mass of a compound using the periodic table) and the equivalent mass of solute is the division between molecular mass and the number of protons, in this case, 2:

The normality of this solution would be 3N.

Answer

B) in chemical changes and physical changes.

Explanation

Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes, matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change —none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Also, the law of conservation of energy states that in any physical or chemical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed. In other words, the entire energy in the universe is conserved.

Therefore, mass and energy are conserved in chemical changes and physical changes.

The correct answer is option B) in chemical changes and physical changes.

Question

Research: Find 4 strategies that are used to prevent rusting of car parts and/or water pipes? Briefly explain how they work in your own words. What are some pros and cons of these methods?

Answer

Method 1: Applying Oil - Coating materials with oil will help to prevent rust or slow its formation since it prevents moisture from reaching the iron, which can get oxidized.

Pros: It can be applied easily to most materials and it's of relatively low cost

Cons: Some materials can't be covered with oil because they can interfere with the process they are designed for. Example: Food transport machinery

Method 2: Paint the metal - Similarly to the oil a good amount of paint can cover the metallic parts and prevent moisture from the air to get in direct contact with the iron.

Pros: It is easy to apply paint to most metals.

Cons: Contrarily to oil, paint can be more expensive depending on the application.

Method 3: Galvanization - is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel materials to prevent or slow the rusting processes.

Pros: The galvanization process makes steel highly durable and the material usually becomes scratch free.

Cons: Steel structures that are either too big or too small are unsuitable for the galvanization process.

Method 4: Store in a controlled environment - Metals corrode easily when exposed to environments with high humidity. To preserve a metal in good condition, it should be stored in environments with low humidity content and not in contact with salts or acids.

Pros: It does not alter the properties of the equipment.

Cons: Not all metal objects can be stored in environments containing low humidity.

The skeletal structure of an organic compound is an abbreviated representation of its molecular structure, they are quick and easy to draw.

For example, the following image shows the skeletal structure of a compound:

The peaks represent the carbons. We must remember that carbon can have a maximum of 4 bonds.

Now, I will show you how is the structure of this specific compound:

This is ternary alcohol, called 2-methyl-2-butanol. If you see carefully, you will notice that each carbon has 4 bonds. The functional groups present will be OH. The skeletal structure will be:

29,769.95g of carbon dioxide can be removed.

1st) It is necessary to write the balanced chemical reaction:

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be removed by producing 1 mole of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3).

Using the molar mass of carbon dioxide and lithium carbonate we can convert moles into grams:

- CO2 molar mass: 44 g/mol

- Li2CO3 molar mass: 73.9 g/mol

With the molar mass we can see that 44g of carbon dioxide (1 mole) can be removed by producing 73.9 g of lithium carbonate.

2nd) Now we can calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that can be removed from the breathing environment if the scrubber reaction produces 50.0 Kg of Li2CO3, using a mathematical rule of three:

Here, it is important to convert the grams of Li2CO3 to kg before doing the calculus.

So, 29,769.95g (29.8kg) of carbon dioxide can be removed.

1) Solute. A solute is a substance that dissolves when put into another substance (the solvent).

NaCl dissolves when placed into water. So, NaCl is the solute.

The mass of the solute is 25.0 g.

.

Answer:

Diamagnetic species is Cr²⁺

Diamagnetic species is the species in which contain no unpaired electron

Here in the Cr²⁺ total electron in the chromium is 24 but here Cr²⁺means 2 electron are loss that's why total electron in Cr²⁺ is 22 so this is even number of electron and also no unpaired number of electron means all electron are paired that's why is called a diamagnetic and the superconductors are the perfect diamagnetic because of their ability to eject the electrons

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Explanations

2a) Structural formulas are defined as the way atoms and elements are arranged in a compound.

For octan-1-ol which can also be called octanol with formula C8H17OH, the structural formula is as shown below;

b) The class of organic molecules that octan-1-ol falls in is alkanol or alcohol. This is due to the presence of the -OH group present in the molecule of octan-1-ol

c) Isomers are molecules having the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. For instance, the isomer of butane is n-butane and isobutane.

d) One of the isomers of octan-1-ol is 2-methylheptanol as shown below in the image attached;

Explanation

Let us first define the different types of reaction.

A combination reaction is one in which two reactants combine to form a single product.

A decomposition reaction will be one in which a reactant breaks down into two or more products.

A simple displacement reaction will be one in which a reagent, which is in its natural state, displaces one element bound to another. As a product, we will have the previously linked element now in its free form.

In a double displacement reaction two linked elements move past each other and take each other's place.

+828kJ

Given the following chemical reaction with their heat of reactions

In order to arrive at the resulting reaction, we will carry out the followiing transformation;

• Swap the reactant with product, of equation 1 and;

• Multiply equation 2 by 3, to have;

Cancel out the Oxygen element in both equation and add to have;

Hence the enthalpy change of the reaction to 3sf is +828kJ