The observed distribution matches the distribution from earlier investigations, according to the null hypothesis H0.
H1 as an alternative: The observed distribution of birds does not match the distribution from earlier research.
What is null hypothesis?The null hypothesis states that there is no correlation between the variables and that they are all independent of one another. Any correlation between the variables is most likely the result of chance and sampling error.
For instance: Species A and B are independent of one another; there is no meaningful link between them. There is no correlation between Species A's location and Species B's location.
What is an alternative hypothesis?"There is a significant (positive or negative) correlation between the variables; the association between variables is probably not an attributable to chance or sampling error," is an alternative hypothesis.
For instance, there is a strong relationship between Species A and Species B; they are dependent on one another. It is either the case that Species A strongly associates with Species B or that they do not.
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which of the following would support the hypothesis that bacteria have mutually beneficial relationships with us?
The statement that supports the hypothesis that bacteria have a mutually beneficial relationship is "Mice that were made 'germ-free' didn't absorb and metabolize nutrients as well."
After long years of evolution, it's hypothesized that host-bacterial associations have developed into more prosperous relationships, creating biological mechanisms that mutually benefit both the host and the microbes. Many examples of this theory are present in mammals.
Gut bacteria in humans, for example, seem to contribute to non-infectious immune disorders like autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease. It's still not fully known yet how they work, but the ongoing research shows finding and concepts that describe the mutualism between humans (gut) and gut bacteria.
Your question seems incomplete, but the completed version is most likely as follows:
Which of the following would support the hypothesis that bacteria have mutually beneficial relationships with us?
Bacteria can metabolize food using alternate pathways.Most intestinal bacteria cannot live outside the body.Mice that were made "germ-free" did not absorb and metabolize nutrients as well.Bacteria derive benefits from waste materials in our intestines.Learn more about gut bacteria at https://brainly.com/question/14967790
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in pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds, and the yellow and green alleles are represented with y and y, respectively. match each genotype with the correct description of alleles.
YY stands for homozygotes of the yellow allele, Yy for heterozygotes of the yellow and green alleles, and YY for homozygotes of the green allele in pea plants
In biology, what is a genotype?The particular set of alleles for such a given gene that make up an organism's genotype. The flower-color gene, for instance, may produce the genotypes red-red, red-white, & white-white in the pea plants mentioned above. The phenotype is an organism's outward display of its allellic combination (genotype).
What makes genotype significant?From embryonic development to adulthood, a person's genotype defines their inherited potentials and restrictions. The full complex of genes acquired from both parents makes up an individual's genotype in sexually reproducing organisms.
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help this one’s really hard
An analogy for cell cell division as a student preparing to take an examination is given below:
In a living cell, it splits into two; after an examination, the result is either of two; pass or fail.
What is meant by cell division?Cell division can simply be defined as the process involving nuclear and cytoplasmic division leasing to the increase in the number of cells in an organism. There are two major types of cell division;
MitosisMeiosisWithin the context of the task given above, the process of cell division can also be likened to a student preparing for a chemistry examination. The student thinks about splitting his preparation into different parts such as studying extensively for the following parts:
Physical chemistryOrganic chemistryCalculations in chemistryPhysical chemistry.Each of the these divisions above, when adequately prepared for makes the students pass the examination or fails if he didn't prepare well.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that cell division ensures the growth and replacement of new cells.
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The atomic number of an element
According to the research, the correct answer is that the atomic number of an element is usually denoted by the letter Z and represents the stable compound particles of a positive elementary charge.
What is the atomic number ?It is a total number of the smallest particles that make up the atom with a positive electric charge that is denoted with the letter "Z" that make up the atomic nucleus of a certain chemical element.
In this sense, each chemical element has a different atomic number, although its chemical way of behaving is established by the electrons that orbit around its nucleus.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the atomic number presents the different amounts of protons in the atoms of different elements.
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Which two items cause disruptions in ecosystem stability and are a result of
human activities?
A. Nutrient cycling
B. Ocean currents
C. Acid rain
D. Bycatch
The number of different species of plants and mammals has decreased as a result of overhunting and natural resource overexploitation from activities such overfishing and mining.
How many different species exist?Around 8.7 million plant and animal species are thought to exist, according to scientists. However, to far, only about 1.2 million species, the of which are insects, have been recognized and described. This means that millions of additional animals' identities are still a mystery.
How can an animal's species be determined?Permanent and non-permanent identification are the two main categories. Ear notches, microchips, and tattoos are all forms of permanent identification. In terms of non-permanent identifying, tags, paint, and chalk are used. If done correctly, tattooing is one kind of identifying that is permanent.
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Some cells require a lot of energy than others. For example, many animals' muscle cells are constantly doing work and require energy to get
it done. Given this information, which organelle do you think an animal muscle cell would benefit the most from if there were more of that
organelle?
O lysosomes
O mitochondria
Ochloroplasts
O ribosomes
FILL IN THE BLANK. Imagine a population of birds in which first-year birds can either (1) find a mate and raise an average of three offspring or (2) stay in their parents' territory and help the parents raise two more offspring than the parents would have been able to raise without any help. Based on the theory of kin selection, we would expect that _____.
Based on the theory of kin selection, we would expect that the behavior of helping at the nest would not evolve in this population.
Kin selection helps explain social interactions as well as altruistic collaboration. In the simplest case, when the interacting individuals are more closely related, they should be more likely to cooperate, displaying more selfish self-control and less aggression
If birds single-handedly raise three chicks in their first year, they share half of their genes with that third chick. If they help raise two more siblings, they share half their genes with the birds. They pass on more genetic material to the next generation by enlarging their own families, so altruistic behavior is unlikely to thrive in this demographic.
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You have a culture of bacteria that you suspect is either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Is there any morphological difference between the two? View Available Hint(s) Yes. S. aureus is a coccus, whereas S. pyogenes is a bacillus (rod). Yes. S. aureus is gram-positive, and S. pyogenes is gram-negative. Yes. Microscopically, S. aureus typically forms gram-positive cocci in clusters, whereas S. pyogenes forms gram-positive cocci in chains. No. There is absolutely no difference in the appearance of the cells.
The morphological difference between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is that microscopically, S. aureus typically forms gram-positive cocci in clusters, whereas S. pyogenes forms gram-positive cocci in chains.
What are the features of Staphylococcus genus?
Pathogens of humans and other mammals include bacteria in the genus Staphylococcus. According to their capacity to form blood plasma clots, they were traditionally split into two types (the coagulase reaction). The pathogenic species of S. aureus are staphylococci that are coagulase positive. There are already around 30 more species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The CNS are typical skin commensals, yet some species can transmit diseases. It is now clear that the distinction between staphylococci that are coagulase positive and negative is arbitrary and, in some instances, deceptive. There is no concrete proof that coagulase, a marker for S aureus, contributes to virulence. Additionally, the coagulase of some S aureus natural isolates is flawed.
Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus both induce localized illnesses such abscess formation and purulent discharge, but Staphylococcus aureus causes more of them. Contrarily, Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide range of illnesses, including erysipelas and necrotizing fasciitis.Disease-causing microorganisms include S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Both varieties are facultative, Gram-positive, cocci-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming anaerobes.But microscopically the structure of the organism is well visibleHence, the morphological difference between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is that microscopically, S. aureus typically forms gram-positive cocci in clusters, whereas S. pyogenes forms gram-positive cocci in chains.
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DNA contains genetic information to build crocodiles that existed millions of
years ago relatively unchanged. What properties of DNA allow DNA to remain
relatively stable even after millions of years?
Using ancient DNA, you may determine a person's ancestry, their genetic resemblance to people alive at the time and to people alive today, as well as who they are descended from.
What kinds of environmental variables alter DNA?By altering the way chemicals attach to DNA or the structure of proteins that DNA wraps around, environmental factors such as diet, medications, or exposure to toxins can trigger epigenetic alterations.
What are the three things that can alter DNA?Mutations are caused by different environmental factors known as mutagens. Types of mutagens include radiation, chemicals, and infectious agents.
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Once upon a time there was an island called Flores in the eastern part of Indonesia. The island was formed from volcanic activity millions of years ago, and in the center of the island there still exists a somewhat active volcano. Surrounding the volcano there is a forest filled with trees, several small lakes, and a long stretch of savannah which is basically a large green field of long grass with some bushes and flowers and hills.
On this island there was a species of frog who mostly lived in one of the blue lakes, and the frogs were bright blue with long webbed feet and tiny eyes – the Blue Swimmers. One day as they were swimming around, they felt a rumbling in the water. A few of them popped their little eyes over the surface of the water in time to see that the island volcano was erupting. Hot lava splashed down into their lake. Not a single frog was killed. But when the lava cooled, it seemed that the hardened lava had formed a large island in the center of the lake, and the lake was now completely divided into two smaller lakes.
Half the frogs were trapped in the lake on one side, and the other half of the frogs were now trapped in the other lake.
Down below in the lake population of Blue Swimmers, a small group of Dancing Blue Swimmers over time starts becoming an exclusive group that chooses to only mate with each other, and though the Dancing Blue Swimmers live happily with the rest of the Blue Swimmer population, they no longer mate with them.
Over time, this Dancing Blue Swimmer community has become reproductively isolated from its ancestors, and if a scientist were studying this group they would probably say that they had evolved into their own species.
This would most accurately be called:
a) Genetic drift
b) Allopatric speciation
c) Sympatric speciation
d) Natural selection
Allopatric speciation occurs when a barrier separates an original population into two groups. Within each group occur mutations that are set, and eventually, genetic divergence occurs, leading to speciation. b) Allopatric speciation.
What is Allopatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation consists of the geographic separation of a continuous genetic background so that it can give place to two or more new geographically isolated populations.
These separations events might be due to migration, extinction of geographically intermediate populations, or geological events.
When these events occur, some barriers impede genetic interchange, or genetic flow, as the two new populations that are separated can not get together and mate anymore. These barriers might be geographical or ecological.
The process of allopatric speciation involves different steps:
1) The emergence of the barrier.
2) Interruption in the genetic interchange
3) The occurrence of new mutations and their accumulation in time in each population. Slow and gradual differentiation.
4) Genetic divergence by natural selection and reproductive isolation makes it impossible for the two groups to mate even if the barrier disappears.
5) Prezigotic isolation mechanisms are favored by selection once it occurs a secondary contact between the new species in formation.
In the exposed example, allopatric speciation is going on.
Barrier: Island created after the lava cooled ⇒ geographical isolationTwo separated species: Dancing Blue Swimmers and Blue SwimmersYou can learn more about allopatric speciation at
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Which happend first: the igneous pluton D or the earthquake fault lineE
Question: Which happened first the Igneous Pluton(D) or the Earthquake Fault Line(E)
Answer: Igneous Pluton (D) happened first.
What is the scientific method? Answer in 2-4 sentences, including the words below:
Observation
Hypothesis
Data
Conclusion
Answer: The scientific method is a series of processes that people can use to gather knowledge about the world around them, improve that knowledge, and attempt to explain why and/or how things occur. This method involves making observations, forming questions, making hypotheses, doing an experiment, analyzing the data, and forming a conclusion.
Explanation:
the time it takes for the blood to return to thecapillaries is called the capillary refill time and should be seconds or less.
The time it takes for the blood to return to the capillaries is called the capillary refill time and should be two seconds or less. The correct answer is A.
Understanding the Capillary Refill TimeCapillary refill time, or CRT, evaluation gives additional information on peripheral perfusion. The CRT, when combined with respiratory effort, pulse quality and rate, and mucus color, may help assess a client's volume of blood and peripheral perfusion as well as provide information related to shock etiology.
Capillary refill time only takes one to two seconds. This correlates to healthy blood volume and circulation. A CRT that lasts more than 2 seconds indicates inadequate perfusion because of peripheral vasoconstriction. In the meantime, a CRT of less than one second indicates vasodilation and a hyperdynamic state.
This question should be written as follows, with answer options:
The time it takes for the blood to return to the capillaries is called the capillary refill time and should be __________ seconds or less.
A. 2B. 4C. 5D. 8The correct answer is A.
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1. What is a nonrenewable resource?
A. a resource that is used for energy
B. a resource that is in limited supply
C. a resource that harms the environment when it is used
D. a resource that can replace itself quickly
2. Are all rocks made up of one mineral?
A. No. Some rocks may contain several minerals.
B. Yes. If it contains more minerals, then it is an ore
C. No. If it contains more minerals, however, then it is not useful to people.
D. Yes. If it contains more minerals, then it would lose its orderly internal structure.
3. Coal is a very useful rock that formed over millions of years from the remains of plants. Is coal a mineral?
A. No, coal is not a mineral because coal is made of dead plants.
B. No, coal is not a mineral because coal can be burned to produce electricity and heat.
C. Yes, coal is a mineral because all rocks that are useful to people are minerals.
D. Yes, coal is a mineral because all rocks are nonliving solid minerals.
4. Which is a positive aspect of fossil fuels?
A. They do not need processing to produce energy.
B. They provide energy for cars, trains, and heat.
C. They are ecologically friendly.
D. They can be recycled and reused.
5. Which is a negative aspect of fossil fuels?
A. They are difficult to transport.
B. They cause pollution on Earth.
C. They take a long time to produce energy.
D. They are difficult to find.
6. Which is a disadvantage of solar power?
A. It requires turbines.
B. It can be harmful to wildlife.
C. It requires burning fuel, which causes air pollution.
D. It can only be used where there is lots of sunlight.
7. Which is a thick, sticky, tar-like deposit of bitumen mixed into sandy sediment?
A. coal
B. sandstone
C. oil sand
D. shale
8. Which statement best explains an environmental outcome of using fossil fuels for energy?
A. Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide which plants use to make food.
B. When fossil fuels are burned, they release toxic gases into the air that cause pollution and increase global warming.
C. When fossil fuels are burned, hazardous ash is created and carried through the environment by wind and dropped into nearby lakes and ponds.
D. Fossils fuels produce waste that exposes humans to dangerous levels of radiation.
9. Why is soil considered a vital resource?
A. It plays a variety of roles for plants and animals.
B. It is the place where all nutrients on Earth are stored.
C. It provides the source of material for different landforms.
D. It is hard to destroy and easy to make.
10. Which describes a renewable energy resource?
A. It is more prone to serious accidents.
B. It produces less pollutants than fossil fuels.
C. It consists of carbon and hydrogen molecules.
D. It is less expensive than fossil fuels.
11. Use the scenario to answer the question: Edwin buys a water bottle, reuses it twice, and then recycles it. Eleanor buys a water bottle, reuses it twelve times, and then throws it away. Which energy cost would apply to Edwin, but not to Eleanor?
A. the cost of producing the original bottle
B. the cost of processing the bottle after it was no longer used
C. the cost of transporting the bottle to the store
D. the cost of transporting the bottle away from the house
12. Your class goes on a field trip to observe drilling machinery. The geologists at the drill site show you displays of drilled rocks to compare different types of drills and methods. The drilled holes in one rock display are significantly larger than the holes drilled in the display next to it. Given this information, which statement is correct?
A. The rock display with smaller holes shows copper drilling, which is deep underground.
B. The rock display with smaller holes shows petroleum drilling, which is closer to the surface.
C. The rock display with larger holes shows copper drilling, which is closer to the surface.
D. The rock display with larger holes shows petroleum drilling, which is deep underground.
A nonrenewable resource is a resource that can replace itself quickly. The correct option is D.
Some rocks contain several minerals. The correct option is A.
Coal is not a mineral because coal is made of dead plants. The correct option is A.
A positive aspect of fossil fuels is that fossil fuels provide energy for cars, trains, and heat. The correct option is B.
A negative aspect of fossil fuels is that they cause pollution on Earth. The correct option is B.
A disadvantage of solar power is that it can only be used where there is lots of sunlight. The correct option is D.
Shale is a thick, sticky, tar-like deposit of bitumen mixed into sandy sediment. The correct option is D.
A statement that best explains an environmental outcome of using fossil fuels for energy is that when fossil fuels are burned, they release toxic gases into the air that cause pollution and increase global warming. The correct option is B.
Soil is considered a vital resource because it provides a source of material for different landforms. The correct option is C.
A renewable energy resource produces less pollutants than fossil fuels. The correct option is B.
The cost of processing the bottle after it was no longer used would apply to Edwin, but not to Eleanor. The correct option is B.
The rock display with larger holes shows copper drilling, which is closer to the surface. The correct option is C.
What are renewable energy and non-renewable resources?Renewable energy sources are energy sources that can easily be replaced when they are used up. They included solar energy and wind energy.
Non-renewable energy resources are resources that are not easily replaced when they are used up. For example fossil fuels.
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Which of the following statements about gravity is true?
A. Gravity pulls objects toward the center of Earth.
B. Gravity only pulls you to the center of Earth if you are at the top of it.
C. Gravity only pulls objects toward the center of Earth when you are in contact with it. D. Gravity pulls all objects toward the center of Earth except when you are floating on water.
you have just eaten a large meal consisting of steak (protein) and a baked potato (carbs) with butter (lipids). follow the food through the digestive system from intake to elimination... ***make sure to mention all organs (and their various regions) passed through (including sphincters) / ***describe all digestive processes involved (use correct terminology) / ***discuss enzymes breaking down each type of macromolecule and where they come from.
The processes of digestion include six activities ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation and enzymes involved are amylase , lipase, protease , lactase and sucrase.
What is digestion?
Large, water-insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion in order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. These tiny chemicals are absorbed through the small intestine and into the blood stream in some species. Based on how food is digested, digestion, a type of catabolism, is sometimes split into mechanical and chemical digestion processes. The process of physically breaking down large food items into smaller ones that may then be accessed by digestive enzymes is referred to as mechanical digestion. Mastication occurs in the mouth during mechanical digestion, and segmentation contractions occur in the small intestine during mechanical digestion.
Food enters the mouth in the human digestive system, where mechanical digestion begins with the action of mastication (chewing), a type of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. The salivary glands secrete a liquid called saliva, which contains the salivary amylase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of starch in food. Saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, hydrogen carbonate, which creates the ideal alkaline pH for amylase to function in, and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl, HCO3). In the oral mucosa, starch hydrolyzes into disaccharide to the tune of 30%. (mouth). The food will be in the shape of a tiny, globular slurry mass known as a bolus after being chewed and having its starch digested.By means of peristalsis, it will then pass through the esophagus and enter the stomach. Protein digestion is started in the stomach by gastric juice. Pepsin and hydrochloric acid are the major ingredients of gastric juice. Rennin, which helps infants and toddlers digest milk proteins, is also present in gastric juice. The stomach secretes mucus and bicarbonates because the first two chemicals could harm the stomach wall. In addition to assisting lubrication, they offer a slimy coating that serves as a barrier against the harmful effects of chemicals like strong hydrochloric acid. Pepsin has an acidic pH thanks to hydrochloric acid. Proteins are broken down into peptides or proteoses by pepsin, which is then followed by enzymes in the small intestine to produce dipeptides and amino acids.When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum, where it mixes with bile juice from the liver and pancreatic digestive enzymes. After passing through the small intestine, where digestion continues, it exits. Chyme is taken into the circulation after it has completed its digestion. The small intestine is where 95% of nutrition absorption takes place. In the colon (large intestine), where the pH is somewhat acidic between 5.6 and 6.9, water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the circulation. Some vitamins, like biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by colonic bacteria, are also taken up by the blood in the colon. In the stomach, alcohol, simple sugars, and water are all absorbed. When one defecates, waste material is expelled from the rectum.Hence, the processes of digestion include six activities ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation and enzymes involved are amylase , lipase, protease , lactase and sucrase.
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Please help about photosynthesis cer for brainliest
It is likely that the mass of a plant increases as it grows. This is because plants take in water and nutrients from the soil through their roots, and they also convert carbon dioxide from the air into sugars through the process of photosynthesis. These substances can all contribute to the plant's mass. Additionally, as the plant grows and develops new leaves, stems, and roots, it will also gain mass. This is consistent with the conservation of matter, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change form.
Which of the following is one important difference between a virus and a
bacterial cell?
O A virus always causes more severe disease than a bacterial cell.
O A virus is much larger in size than a bacterial cell.
O A virus can never reproduce on its own, but a bacterial cell can.
O A virus does not contain genetic material, but a bacterial cell does.
Viruses are the collection of non living things or molecules that require a host cell in order to reproduce and continue their life cycle.A virus can never reproduce on its own, but a bacterial cell can. The correct answer is option C.
What structure is present in bacteria but not virus ?Bacteria have the cell walls and they are having strong protective covering but the viruses do not have the cell wall.
Viruses are the group of non living molecules that are capable of dividing inside the body of the living organisms only but outside the body of the host they are non- living.
Bacteria are the organisms that are able to replicate and they have a property of cell division in which they are able to divide in order to form 2 cells from 1 and so on.
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____________transmission is considered the most common and efficient mechanism of vector-borne disease transmission.
Biological transmission is considered the most common and efficient mechanism of vector-borne disease transmission.
What is Biological transmission?
The process of biological transmission involves the vector ingesting the disease, typically through a blood meal from an infected animal, developing it, and then regurgitating or injecting it into a vulnerable animal. Mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas are frequently found as biological disease vectors. Direct touch, droplets, a vector like a mosquito, a vehicle like food, or the airborne route are all possible modes of transmission. The mouth or a syringe are just two of the many access points the susceptible host possesses.
Hence, the answer is, Biological transmission is considered the most common and efficient mechanism of vector-borne disease transmission.
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What property of
water causes "ice
wedging" during
the weathering of
rocks?
Answer:
B. It Expands when it freezes
Explanation:
Ice wedging is a crack in the ground formed by ice expanding as it freezes in the ground
Answer:
b. it expands when it freezes
Explanation:
When the temperature is warm, water works its way into cracks in rock. When the temperature cools below freezing, the water turns to ice and expands.
ventromedial prefrontal cortex involves_____ valuation, whereas dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involves more____valuation.
ventromedial prefrontal cortex involves automatic valuation, whereas dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involves more controlled valuation.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which reality is perceived by sufferers strangely. Schizophrenia may include hallucinations, delusions, and severely irrational thinking and behavior, which can make it difficult to go about daily activities and be incapacitating. Schizophrenia patients require ongoing care. Delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (observing or hearing things that are not there), strange bodily behavior, and disorganized thinking and speech are typical symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients frequently experience paranoid ideas or voice hearing. Delusions, hallucinations, confused speech, disorganized behavior, and the so-called "negative" symptoms are the five main categories of schizophrenia symptoms. The pattern and severity of schizophrenia symptoms, however, differ greatly from person to person.
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an example of an organism that reproduces with asexual reproduction is a group of answer choices bacterium red blood cell histone salamander
Bacterium are one of the few organisms that reproduce via asexual reproduction. This process involves the bacteria using binary fission to self-replicate, whereby one bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells.
An example of an organism that reproduces with asexual reproduction is a:BacteriumBacterium are some of the simplest organisms that are capable of reproducing asexually. Asexual reproduction in bacteria is accomplished through the process of binary fission, which is when one bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells.
During binary fission, the DNA of the single parent cell is replicated and then the two daughter cells divide, producing two genetically identical bacteria. This process of asexual reproduction allows bacteria to rapidly multiply, allowing them to quickly colonize new environments and respond to new challenges. This is why bacteria are some of the most successful and resilient organisms on the planet.
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What is a hypothesis?
Answer: an answer thats picked with little evidence.
Explanation:
which of the following is not associated with the oxidative burst employed by phagocytic cells to kill bacteria
Mammalian phagocytes that have been triggered undergo an oxidative burst in which a significant amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is rapidly released into the phagosome to kill bacteria that have been consumed.
During an oxidative burst, what happens?
One of the earliest detectable components of a plant's defence mechanism is the oxidative burst, which is characterised by a sudden, transitory synthesis of enormous numbers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This Review first goes over ROS's chemistry (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical).
Why is oxidative burst crucial for phagocyte function?
Phagocytic cells use reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are tiny molecules produced from oxygen, to combat infections. The NOX2 NADPH-oxidase in macrophages produces an oxidative burst that is crucial for both oxidative and non-oxidative death of pathogens that have been absorbed.
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How did you form sediment from a volcano
Answer:
Weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into pebbles, sand, and mud, creating sediment, which accumulates in basins on the Earth's surface.
Explanation:
Answer: which subject is this in??
Explanation:
Where does rna not produce during replication
Answer:
This diagram shows an RNA molecule entering a cell and then replicating itself. It’s the SARS-CoV- 2 virus, which most people call COVID. It uses RNA instead of DNA as it’s genetic material; that’s common among viruses.
Many RNA-based viruses don’t use DNA at all to replicate, though some like HIV do.
In order for SARS-CoV-2 RNA to replicate there must be an enzyme called either RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or RNA replicase. RNA-based viruses produce a version of this enzyme so their genetic material can be copied.
SARS-CoV-2 uses a single stranded version of RNA but some other viruses use double stranded RNA that’s entirely analogous to double stranded DNA.
Modern animals, plants, and bacteria all use DNA as their genetic material, probably because DNA is more stable, but the very first living things probably used RNA.
Explanation:
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the human body has several organ systems. the organs studied during this lab were all part of the system
Our body has made up of 11 organ systems. There are the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive system.
Integumentary system - skin, hair, nailsSkeletal system - bones, joints.Muscular system - cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.Lymphatic system - red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodesRespiratory system - nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungDigestive system - oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anusNervous system - brain, spinal cord, nervesEndocrine system - pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testisCardiovascular system - heart, blood vesselsUrinary system - kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethraReproductive system - (female) mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, fallopian tube. (male) the prostate gland, scrotum, and ductus deferens.Know more about human organ systems here: https://brainly.com/question/29783282
The question was incomplete. This is a general answer.
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dark-skinned people living in an area with limited exposure to sunlight, such as the north pole, are more prone to become deficient in this vitamin.
People with darker skin require longer sun exposure to make vitamin D.
Why black people need Vitamin D:
The most significant supplement you may not be taking—or not getting enough of—is vitamin D. The majority of us—and even our doctors—are unaware that taking it regularly may help prevent some of the most prevalent life-threatening diseases.
Vitamin D is best known for strengthening bones and preventing rickets, a bone disease that was more prevalent in Charles Dickens' time than it is today. More recently, studies have shown that vitamin D also reduces the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, dementia, and several types of cancer.
Despite this encouraging news, the majority of Americans don't get nearly enough vitamin D. Additionally, some researchers have suggested that vitamin D insufficiency among African Americans is a "hidden pandemic" and that low levels are to blame for greater prevalence of ailments including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. The Chicago Sun-Times went even farther, establishing a relationship between low vitamin D levels and African-American mortality rates from aggressive breast and prostate cancer.
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Suppose a submarine is changing depths. Which direction could the
submarine move to go from an area of lower pressure to an area of higher
pressure?
OA. From a trench to the twilight zone
OB. From the deep ocean to a trench
OC. From the deep ocean to the twilight zone
D. From the twilight zone to the ocean surface
which of the following statements are true about the food chain? (select all that apply) group of answer choices one major factor that limits the food chain is energy produce by primary producers energy is lost between each trophic level as organisms do cellular respiration and produce waste products. the amount of energy remaining in the food chain at the tertiary level may not be great enough to support viable populations at yet a higher trophic level energy increases between each trophic level due to the first law of thermodynamics
The statement that support about the food chain is "One major factor that limits the food chain is energy produce by primary producers energy is lost between each trophic level as organisms do cellular respiration and produce waste products".
What is food chain explain?The food chain definition is, who eats whom in the wild. From single-celled algae to enormous blue whales, all living things require food to survive. Each food web represents a possible route for nutrients and energy to travel through the ecosystem. As an illustration, grass makes its own food from sunlight.A food chain does not show branching lines. It always follows a progressive straight line and is straight. A food chain typically has three or four trophic levels, but in some cases, there may be as many as five.Learn more about food chain here: brainly.com/question/16065961
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