Advanced Placement (AP)
Refer to the passage below.On April 26, 1983, Matthew N. Fraser, a student at Bethel High School in Pierce County, Washington, delivered a speech nominating a fellow student for student elective office. Approximately 600 high school students, many of whom were 14-year-olds, attended the assembly. Students were required to attend the assembly or to report to the study hall. The assembly was part of a school-sponsored educational program in self-government. Students who elected not to attend the assembly were required to report to study hall. During the entire speech, Fraser referred to his candidate in terms of an elaborate, graphic, and explicit sexual metaphor.Two of Fraser's teachers, with whom he discussed the contents of his speech in advance, informed him that the speech was "inappropriate and that he probably should not deliver it," and that his delivery of the speech might have "severe consequences."During Fraser's delivery of the speech, a school counselor observed the reaction of students to the speech. Some students hooted and yelled; some by gestures graphically simulated the sexual activities pointedly alluded to in respondent's speech. Other students appeared to be bewildered and embarrassed by the speech. One teacher reported that, on the day following the speech, she found it necessary to forgo a portion of the scheduled class lesson in order to discuss the speech with the class.A Bethel High School disciplinary rule prohibiting the use of obscene language in the school provides:Conduct which materially and substantially interferes with the educational process is prohibited, including the use of obscene, profane language or gestures.The morning after the assembly, the Assistant Principal called Fraser into her office and notified him that the school considered his speech to have been a violation of this rule. . . . He was suspended for three days, and . . . removed from the list of candidates for graduation speaker at the school's commencement.Opinion of the Court,Chief Justice Warren BurgerIn the resulting case, Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986), the Supreme Court upheld Frasers punishment, indicating that there had been no constitutional violation. In doing so, the court stated that there was a "marked distinction between a political message and the sexual content of Frasers speech. The court noted that there appeared to be at least some disruption of the educational process, and that there was an interest in protecting children from that which is obscene and vulgar.a) Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) and Bethel.b) Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District led to a different holding than the holding in Bethel School District v. Fraser.c) Describe an action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in Bethel School District v. Fraser could take to limit its impact.
Our highways, espressways, and streets become increasingly congested every day as our population increases and more new drivers enter the road. Distracted driving isn't justa problem for teenagers; it's also a problem for adults. However, today's problems are not the same as they once were. We now have laws prohibiting texting while driving, as well as statistics on the number of people who die as a result of texting while driving. Because of texting and driving, the number of people killed in car accidents has risen. People are nowengrossed in their modern gadgets such as phones, iPods, and other similar devices, rather than wasting time trying to locate a station on the radio. Texting while driving continues to be one of today's most serious distractions for drivers.Florida has enacted legislationprohibiting it, but the penalty is just $30. Although it was formerly a secondary offense and is now a $30 fine, I believe it should be increased. A teens's license can indeed be strippedaway if they are found testing and driving.If an adult is caught, I believe their driver'slicense should be revoked. If all you have to do is pay a thirty-dollar fee then that won't get anyone to stop distracted drivers. We need to do something to grab their attention more than their phones do In the year 2013, the state of Florida enacted legislation prohibiting texting while driving. Even though the legislation was passed, it stipulates that in order to be prosecuted for this crime and fined the $30, you must commit two crimes, which has sparked concerns among citizens about the law's effectiveness.Some residents were concerned that otherresidents (mostly teens and other young and reckless drivers) would be resistant to the new legislation. Furthermore, some residents may live in fear of someone violating the law, resulting in an accident, and innocent people dying as a result of a simple text message thatshould have been delayed. The issue is that some residents want to establish a more updated and stricter regulation, which is understandable, but Florida is currently doing the best itcan to help discourage texting and driving Forty-two states, which include Florida, have declared texting while driving illegal. These states, have taken steps to improve the way they are by making the amount of injuries less than they were in the state. As a result, this bright sunshine state will be able to provide highways with drivers who will not damage their surroundings. It's believed that people want a much better rule, but Florida is still working to make this wish a reality for residents. The feelings of the citizens about making this rule, or even a more powerful law, are reciprocal or much stronger.Can someone write at lest a 5 sentence conclusion for the writing above?? Needed ASAP for FLVS.