Could you please help me with this ASAP? Thank you!
Correct Option C: Sections of the pre-rRNA are removed, and the mature rRNA molecules are available to combine with proteins to form the ribosomal subunits.
How does rRNAs construct ribosomal structure?The rRNAs are structural molecules that perform the function of protein synthesis. They are not themselves translated. In eukaryotes, pre-rRNAs are transcribed, processed, and assembled into ribosomes in the nucleolus.
There exists two subunits of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. They are a large subunit (60S) and a small subunit (40 S).
The 60S subunit is composed of the following three rRNAs and 50 proteins.
The 40S subunit is composed of the following one rRNA and 33 proteins.
The two subunits i.e. the large subunit and the small subunit, join to constitute a functioning ribosome that is capable of creating proteins.
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2. are there any biomolecules important to the transmission of an impulse from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane?
proteins are the biomolecules important to the transmission of an impulse from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane
Gap junctions—large channel proteins that connect the pre- and postsynaptic membranes—are used in electrical synapses to transmit the action potential directly to the postsynaptic cell. Synapses are dynamic structures that can be both diminished and strengthened. Long-term potentiation and long-term depression are two mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.
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Which of these animal taxa has the highest population of species threatened with extinction? a) Birds b) Mammals c) Amphibians. c) Amphibians
Amphibians are the animal which has the highest population of species threatened with extinction
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, nearly one-third of all amphibian species are at risk of extinction. This is largely due to habitat loss, climate change, and the spread of infectious diseases. The destruction and degradation of natural habitats are the primary cause of amphibian species loss, as many species rely on specific, specialized habitats for their survival. Climate change is also a major factor, causing shifts in the distribution of species and leading to increased competition for resources and increased vulnerability to predation and disease. The spread of infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis, has also been linked to amphibian population declines. As amphibians have thin skin and are ectotherms, they are particularly vulnerable to changes in temperature and moisture, making them particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change.
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The first stage of the cell cycle during which the cell matures, grows and prepares to divide and copies its dna; the stage the cell stays in the most.
During interphase, the cell divides and makes a copy of its DNA. The cell splits into two new cells during the mitotic (M) phase by splitting its cytoplasm and DNA into two sets.
What is the primary function of the cell cycle's interphase stage?A cell spends the majority of its time in the phase known as interphase, where it divides, produces, and copies its chromosomes. Following straight mitosis, the cell enters interphase and finishes dividing.During interphase, the cell divides and duplicates its nuclear DNA. Interphase is immediately followed by the mitotic phase.During the mitotic phase, duplicated chromosomes are split apart and dispersed among daughter nuclei. Typically, two daughter cells are created when the cytoplasm is divided as well.During interphase, the cell divides and makes a copy of its DNA. The cell splits into two new cells during the mitotic (M) phase by splitting its cytoplasm and DNA into two sets.To learn more about interphase stage refer to:
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A substance that influences the reaction but does not participate in the reaction is a
.
A substance that influences the reaction but does not participate in the reaction is a catalyst.
What are catalysts?A catalyst is a molecule which can facilitate a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed. Virtually all chemical reactions taking place in a living cell require catalysts. Such biocatalysts are called enzymes.
Moreover, enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
Hence, catalysts can be categorized as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic. Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants, whereas heterogeneous catalysts exist in a different phase than the reactants.
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.
which color is the tube and stopper that is used to collect specimens for serum analysis?
The tube and stopper used to collect specimens for serum analysis is typically a red or dark-colored tube with a grey or white stopper.
What Color Tube and Stopper are Used for Serum Analysis?The tube and stopper used to collect specimens for serum analysis is typically a red or dark-colored tube with a grey or white stopper. The reason for this is that the red or dark color helps to protect the sample from light, which can degrade the sample and lead to inaccurate results. The grey or white stopper is typically used because it is non-reactive and will not affect the sample.
Additionally, the stopper helps to prevent any contamination of the sample while it is being transported or stored. This color combination ensures the best possible accuracy of the sample and helps to protect it from any potential contaminants.
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What is the relationship between structure and function of biological molecules?
Biological molecules or biomolecules are the carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are produced by the living organism. A very significant relationship lies between their structure and function as they are inter relatable.
Biomolecules are designed in such a way that on forming a particular structure only their specific functions can be formed. It is to ensure that no molecules other than the desired ones bring a change. If the latter situation arises, it may refer to harm or lethality.
For instance, insulin binds to its receptor and decreases the blood glucose level. Change in its structure will lead in inability to bind to the receptor specifically designed to accomodate it. And if function is not dependent on structure, then any molecule may bind to the receptor and decrease the blood sugar level to the point that body may not be able to function.
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What can one infer from a relatively linear survivorship curve. and what organism generally exhibits this kind of survivorship curve?
A) the mortality rate is roughly uniform across the lifespan of this organism; bird.
B) the mortality rate is higher for older members of this population; humans.
C) the mortality rate is higher for younger members of this population; oak tree.
Over the course of this organism's lifecycle, the death rate is essentially constant; bird
What is the definition of mortality rate?Rate of mortality. A mortality rate is a measurement of the frequency of deaths within a population over a specific time period.
Why is there a high death rate?The proportional frequency of deaths in a given population over a given period of time; frequently expressed as the proportion of human fatalities during a public health emergency or the number of wildlife fatalities as a result of environmental hazards: During the most recent flu season, patients over the age of 80 had the greatest fatality rate.
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a dna fragment with 100 base pairs is smaller than a dna fragment with 150 base pairs. t or f
It is accurate to say that a DNA fragment with 100 base pairs is smaller than one with 150 base pairs.
Each of the two nucleotide strands that make up DNA contains four different kinds of nucleotides. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the nucleotides that make up base pairs and are joined by hydrogen bonds.
A DNA fragment's length is significant since it affects how much information it contains. A DNA fragment with 100 base pairs, for instance, will have less information than one with 150 base pairs. The capacity of a DNA fragment to interact with other molecules is also influenced by its length.
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An immune deficiency causes a severe reduction in the amount of mhc-ii expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. Predict which immune processes will be significantly impacted by this deficiency?
The immune processes that will be significantly affected by this deficiency are:
T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses.B-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses.Cytokine productionImmunological memoryExplain how each of these immune processes will be affected?T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses: depend on MHC-II molecules to recognize and respond to foreign antigens presented by professional antigen-presenting cells.B-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses: require MHC-II expression on professional antigen-presenting cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens.Cytokine production: Professional antigen-presenting cells can produce cytokines in response to antigens presented through MHC-II molecules.Immunological memory: Professional antigen-presenting cells can stimulate memory B and T cells in response to antigens presented by MHC-II.Learn more about The immune processes:
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do these data alone suggest that humans infected with antibiotic-resistant s. aureus can be effectively treated with peptides 1 2?
No. Human studies are required before a peptide therapeutic strategy for S. aureus infections in humans is recommended.
Since broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) destroy all bacteria they come into contact with, there is a higher chance that the microbiota will become ecologically unbalanced. Additionally, details about the validity of the research methodology and the statistical reliability of the in vitro experiment outcomes should be presented to treat S. aureus infections in humans with peptides.
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The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize
a. True
b. False
True, the connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize.
A gene is the fundamental physical and purposeful unit of heredity. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules referred to as proteins. but, many genes do now not code for proteins.
Our genes incorporate instructions that inform your cells to make molecules referred to as proteins. Proteins perform various features on our body to keep us healthy. Every gene includes commands that determine your functions, together with eye color, hair shade, and height.
Few genes act as commands to make molecules referred to as proteins. In human beings, genes vary in length from a few hundred DNA bases to extra than 2 million bases.
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why is the hyoid bone important in the study of human remains? group of answer choices hyoid bones are common, and thus, an excellent source of ancient dna samples. the unique physical appearance of the human hyoid helps anthropologists understand the origins of speech. the hyoid bone is altered by the presence of certain items in the diet, indicating the origin of agriculture. the hyoid bone is present in fully modern humans, but not in other forms of hominin.
Answer:
The hyoid bone is important in the study of human remains because it is unique to humans and is involved in the production of speech. The presence or absence of the hyoid bone can help anthropologists determine whether a set of remains is human or from another hominin species, and its shape and structure can provide clues about the origins of speech in humans.
Can you match the characteristics with the correct organelle? Sort each structure or function depending on whether it describes a chloroplast or a mitochondrion Reset Help rganelle of photosynthesis produc contains thylakoids organelle of cellular respiration ces Co2 as a waste product found only in plant cells and some algae converts solar energy to chemical found in both animal cells and plant cells harvests chemical energy from foodproduces 02 as a waste product Chloroplast Mitochondrion
Chloroplast -Only present in plant cells as well as some algae, the chloroplast is an organelle of photosynthesis that converts solar energy into chemical energy and generates O2 as a waste product.
What purpose does the chloroplast serve?Through the processes of photosynthesis and oxygen release, chloroplasts provide energy that supports plant development and crop yield.
How do mitochondria and chloroplasts interact?Chloroplasts in plant cells transform light energy into chemical energy, which mitochondria then use to make ATP.The two energy-transforming organelles must function in a carefully coordinated manner for carbon fixation and plant growth to occur at their optimal levels.
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Given that about 25% of the mammalian genome is associated with genes, including introns and regulatory sequence, what would be the approximate average length of DNA per gene, if the genome contained 20,000 genes?
Given that about 25% of the mammalian genome is associated with genes, including introns and regulatory sequence, 40,000 base pairs would be the approximate average length of DNA per gene, if the genome contained 20,000 genes.
Mammalian Genome is a community-reviewed publication that publishes studies and review articles in mouse, human, and related organism genetics and genomics.
Most mammalian cells possess two or four copies of the genome, and sometimes even cells with the same amount of genomes can vary significantly in size; thus, DNA concentration varies dramatically from cell to cell.
Mammalian cell bundle their DNA into chromatin and organize it as chromosomes in the nucleus. Chromosomes are organized radially in interphase cells, putting the most gene-dense chromosomes toward the central core of the nucleus.
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what is the expected functional consequence of movement of a transposable element within the genome?
The expected functional consequence of movement of a transposable element within the genome is:
Increased production of a proteinDecreased production of a proteinAbnormal transcription of a geneA genome is all of an organism's genetic information, according to molecular biology and genetics. It is made up of DNA nucleotide sequences (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome contains protein-coding and non-coding genes, as well as other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA) and a significant amount of 'junk' DNA with no obvious function.
Mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome are found in almost all eukaryotes. Chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome can be found in algae and plants.
A genome sequence is the complete list of the nucleotides (A, C, G, and T for DNA genomes) that make up all of an individual's or species' chromosomes. The vast majority of nucleotides within a species are identical between individuals, but sequencing multiple individuals is required to understand genetic diversity.
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what is the finite window of opportunity for cells to develop into a particular tissue or organ?
Critical period is the finite window of opportunity for cells to develop into a particular tissue or organ.
The early postnatal years are known as the crucial period because this is the time when the brain's "plasticity," or its ability to develop and mature functionally, is most significantly influenced by experience or external factors. The nature vs. nurture debate heavily relies on this idea (Sengpiel, 2007). On what constitutes a crucial era for the formation of brain circuits, however, not all neuroscientists concur. The critical phase is a subset of the sensitive periods, according to one stringent view.
Critical periods are a special case where experience is absolutely necessary at specific developmental periods for subsequently normal function. Sensitive periods are special time-windows in early development where experience has a profound impact on the brain.The beginning of a robust plasticity response to sensory experience as well as a specific window of time during which plasticity can be induced should be included in the critical period. The idea that such key moments reflect enhanced epochs of brain plasticity and that sensory experience during these periods results in long-lasting, significant alterations in neural circuits is one of the central ideas under investigation in neuroscience today.
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which of these cells is a phagocytic leukocyte that can engulf a foreign bacterium? macrophage helper t cell plasma cell cytotoxic t cell b cell?
Macrophage cells is a phagocytic leukocyte that can engulf a foreign bacterium.
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell ingests solid substances, such as pathogens (i.e., the cell "eating" via endocytosis). In reaction to infection, phagocytic leukocytes circulate in the blood and penetrate bodily tissue (extravasation). Histamine and other substances released by damaged tissues attract white blood cells to the site of infection (via chemotaxis) When cellular extensions (pseudopodia) encircle the pathogen and subsequently join to create an internal vesicle, the pathogen is swallowed. The pathogen is subsequently digested when the vesicle is joined to a lysosome (creating a phagolysosome).
To activate the third line of defense, pathogen fragments (antigens) may be shown on the surface of the phagocyte. The innate immune system, which responds in a non-specific manner, is the second line of defense against infectious diseases. White blood cells called phagocytic white blood cells, which engulf and digest foreign substances, are a crucial part of this line of defense. Besides these, the innate immune system also consists of substances that fight bacteria, fever, and inflammation (complement proteins).
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Explain how you are indirectly solar powered. 3-5 sentences
unlike bacterial infections, populations of pathogenic viruses do not evolve resistance to antiviral drugs.
Answer:
Unlike bacterial infections, there are not a lot of cures for those caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not fight viruses, only bacteria. Some antiviral medications treat illnesses like hepatitis C. There are also …
Explanation:
Unlike bacterial infections, there are not a lot of cures for those caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not fight viruses, only bacteria. Some antiviral medications treat illnesses like hepatitis C. There are also …
Unlike bacterial infections, populations of pathogenic viruses do not evolve resistance to antiviral drugs is false.
What is antiviral drug?Antiviral drug is defined as a target a variety of viruses, including the influenza, hepatitis, and herpes viruses. Antiviral drugs fall under a specific category of drugs that are used to treat viral infections. They work by eradicating or stopping the spread of viruses. Treatments for the majority of viral illnesses only provide temporary relief from symptoms while you wait for your immune system to eradicate the virus. Antibiotics cannot be used to treat viral infections.
The bacteria reproduce quickly and exhibit significant genetic variety. Carotenoids are a class of chemicals that give many animals their color, including pea aphids, their hue. Antibiotic misuse, overuse, and ineffective infection prevention and control all contribute to the acceleration of antibiotic resistance.
Thus, unlike bacterial infections, populations of pathogenic viruses do not evolve resistance to antiviral drugs is false.
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Your question is incomplete but probably your complete question was
unlike bacterial infections, populations of pathogenic viruses do not evolve resistance to antiviral drugs.
Identify weather it is true or false.
What is the relationship between base pairs and genes?
The relationship between base pairs and genes would be the length of a single gene within a DNA molecule is frequently calculated using base pairs.
The sum of the nucleotides in one of the strands and the base pairs equals one (each nucleotide consists of a base pair, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group). Pair of DNA bases includes Adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C), three nitrogen-containing bases, coupled together under typical conditions. DNA's structure is created by the joining of these base pairs. The instructions required to construct a protein are included in the base sequence that makes up a gene, a section of the DNA molecule.
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How is a single cell similar to a grey wolf?
Answer:
Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is a newly developed metaheuristic inspired by hunting mechanism of grey wolves. The paramount challenge in GWO is that it is prone to stagnation in local optima. This paper proposes a cellular grey wolf optimizer with a topological structure (CGWO). The proposed CGWO has two characteristics. Firstly, each wolf has its own topological neighbors, and interactions among wolves are restricted to their neighbors, which favors exploitation of CGWO. Secondly, information diffusion mechanism by overlap among neighbors can allow to maintain the population diversity for longer, usually contributing to exploration. Empirical studies are conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with different metaheuristics such as success-history based adaptive differential evolution with linear population size reduction (LSHADE), teaching-learning based optimization algorithm (TLBO), effective butterfly optimizer with covariance matrix adapted retreat phase (EBOwithCMAR), novel dynamic harmony search (NDHS), bat-inspired algorithm (BA), comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer (CLPSO), evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (EAD), ring topology PSO (RPSO), crowding-based differential evolution (CDE), neighborhood based crowding differential evolution (NCDE), locally informed particle swarm (LIPS), some improved variants of GWO and GWO. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the other algorithms on most benchmarks and engineering problems
Explanation:
in which group of organisms has the timing of spring events changed the most in response to climate change?
A group of organisms has the timing of spring events changed the most in response to climate change is Amphibians
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.
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Why do bones need to have osteoclasts?
Answer:This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodelling of bones of the vertebral skeleton. The osteoclast disassembles and digests the composite of hydrated protein and mineral at a molecular level by secreting acid and a collagenase, a process known as bone resorption. This process also helps regulate the level of blood calcium .
Explanation:This function is critical in the maintenance, repair, and remodelling of bones of the vertebral skeleton. The osteoclast disassembles and digests the composite of hydrated protein and mineral at a molecular level by secreting acid and a collagenase, a process known as bone resorption. This process also helps regulate the level of blood calcium .
Answer:
Osteoclasts are the cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity. They are derived from precursors in the myeloid / monocyte lineage that circulate in the blood after their formation in the bone marrow.
Osteoclasts travel over the surface of the bone matrix and secrete acids and enzymes to disintegrate it, forming a little bit on the surface of the bone. They are found on the surface of the bone mineral next to the dissolving bone.
Explanation:
The observation that members of a population are uniformly distributed suggests that?
In uniform population distribution, being are spread out in a fairly regular pattern.
What is uniform population distribution?Separate may be distributed in a uniform, random, or bunched pattern. Uniform means that the population is constantly spaced, random indicates random spacing, and uniformly means that the population is distributed in clusters.
In a uniform distribution, individuals are equally spaced apart, as seen in negative allelopathy where chemicals kill off plant nearby sages. In a random distribution.
So we can conclude that the organisms in a population may be distributed in a uniform, random, or clustered pattern. Uniform means that the population is evenly spaced.
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based on the model of gene expression from the gene expression essentials simulation, what is true of positive transcription factors?
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Nanog are transcription factors that act as triggers to induce somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Nanog are all crucial components of stem cells and have a significant impact on biological operations.
An activator protein, which is necessary for transcription to occur when it is under positive control, binds to the DNA. transcription is put under negative control when a protein called a repressor binds to the DNA and prevents transcription. Positive gene regulation involves the transcription of genes, whereas negative gene regulation typically prevents the expression of genes. This is the primary distinction between positive and negative gene regulation.
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the symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin during which period of the lifespan?
The symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders typically begin during infancy period of the lifespan.
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are many-sided conditions characterised by impairments in noesis, communication, behavior and/or motor skills ensuing from abnormal brain development. They are a gaggle of conditions during which the expansion and development of the brain is affected. this could impact a human language, emotions, behavior, self-control, learning and memory.
The first year when birth is termed infancy. Infancy is a stage when the baby grows fast. throughout infancy, the baby doubles long and triples in weight. alternative necessary changes conjointly happen throughout infancy: The baby's teeth begin to return in, sometimes at regarding six months old-time.
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.
Most human organ systems are affected similarly by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS. Instead of just innervating skeletal muscles, the somatic nervous system also stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and glands.
Is it more common for the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems to have the opposite effects, or vice versa?The fight-or-flight reaction is frequently referred to as the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which primes the body for extreme physical activity. In general, the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) has the opposite impact, relaxing the body and slowing or inhibiting numerous high energy functions.
What are the similarities between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?The peripheral nervous system is where both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems reside.
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What do you think are some of the advantages of being a eukaryote
instead of a prokaryote?
Answer:
The major structural advantage of eukaryotes over prokaryotes is the ability to form advanced, multicellular organisms.
Explanation:
hope this helps
What happens during the fertilization of an animal reproduction?
During fertilization, Of animals the sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to shape a zygote.
Then the zygote travels down the fallopian tube, wherein it will become a morula. Once it reaches the uterus, the morula will become a blastocyst. The blastocyst then burrows into the uterine lining — a system known as implantation. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to shape a diploid zygote to provoke prenatal development.
Fertilization is the system wherein a single haploid sperm fuses with a single haploid egg to shape a zygote. The egg is the biggest mobileular produced in maximum animals species.
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