Which of the following best explains the change in the frequency of penicillin resistance in S. aureus from 1940 to 2010?A) S. aureus that were resistant to penicillin evolved to use penicillin as an energy source that nonresident strains could not use. B) S. aureus that were resistant to penicillin developed a mutualistic relationship with humans, while the nonresident strains did not.C) S. aureus that were resistant to penicillin evolved to produce more quickly than nonresident strains. D) S. aureus that were resistant to penicillin survived and reproduced in the presence of the antibiotic, while nonresident strains did not.

The organism in the diagram that can be considered a producer is the Grain,

The correct answer is the first one, aneuploidy. Aneuploidies refer to qualitative or quantitative abnormalities in the chromosome set.

Answer:

A, aneuploidy

Explanation:

Got it right on edge 2022 .

The duration of each phase of cell division is:

Cell division refers to the process by which individual cells grow and divide to produce two daughter cells.

There are four stages of cell division. They are given below as follows:

The percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle is given below as follows:

Interphase: 84.5%

Prophase:  7.7%

Metaphase: 1%

Anaphase:  2.5

The duration of each phase of the cell cycle will be:

Interphase: 84.5% * 10 hours = 8 hours 27 minutes

Prophase:  7.7% * 10 hours = 46 minutes

Metaphase: 1% * 10 hours = 6 minutes

Anaphase:  2.5% * 10 hours = 15 minutes

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Answer:Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

Explanation:This fever is spread to humans by bites from the American dog tick or the wood tick.

The New York State landscape is most composed by metamorphosed rocks as well the gneiss, which are rocks formed when subjected to high heat, pressure, hot mineral fluids. These types of rocks and condictions are found deep into the Earth and in the place where tectonic plates commonly meet.

According to historians, when did humans first become interested in fitness ever since the beginning of civilization after the Industrial Revolution.

When we look back at human history, there seems to be a correlation between industrial developments and fitness. Early man had no means of propulsion. Food was a task that required walking, running, and abilities that the majority of people in this modern period can hardly even imagine. Back then, what we now refer to as exercise was simply a way of life.

Our bodies started to change in the past when man made the transition from a nomadic existence as a hunter to a sedentary one as a farmer. Despite the work, only specific body areas would receive workout, and the activities became repetitious.

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Answer:

The telogen phase

Explanation:

In the telogen phase, the follicle is dormant or resting. The transition period between the anagen and telogen phases is referred to as the catagen phase. Hairs are routinely lost during the telogen phase and often become a primary source of evidentiary material.

Individual 4 in generation II has a genotype of Aa.

This is an example of heterozygous pair. The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles.

This is an example of heterozygous pair.

The term “heterozygous” also refers to a pair of alleles. Unlike homozygous, being heterozygous means you have two different alleles. You inherited a different version from each parent. In a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele overrules the recessive one. Therefore, the dominant trait will be expressed.

Moreover, the presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles.

Therefore, an organism that has the same two copies of a gene is considered homozygous for that trait, while an organism that has different copies of a gene for a particular trait is considered heterozygous for that trait.

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As mitochondria is responsible for cellular metabolism that is why, according to the question mitochondria is the correct answer.

Mitochondria is a cell organelle, originally derived from a theory called endosymbiotic theory. According to this theory, mitochondria went through endosymbiosis that is mitochondria existed as an individual bacterium and was engulfed by a higher-level cell.

Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell, as it produces all the metabolites for the cellular respiration and metabolism.

Mitochondria produces ATP by number of metabolic pathways such as - glycolysis, where the breakdown of glucose takes place, and it is metabolized into pyruvate. Tri-carboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle also known as Kreb's cycle, an eight-step pathway that uses the pyruvate from glycolysis and converts into acetyl Co-A, which gives NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain, that uses the NADH to transport electrons from highly electronegative complex to electropositive complex.  

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The scientific method is a series of steps followed during scientific investigations, with the objective of testing possible answers to the questions asked.

Some of the steps in this method are:

-Observations

-Questions

-Research of the background

-Hypothesis

-Testing of the hypothesis or experimentation

-Analysis of data

-Results

-Conclusions

We can compare the options with this.

a) That the results are believable is a somewhat ambiguous characteristic, so is not very useful to describe the components of the scientific method.

b) That the results can be verified or tested is indeed a characteristic of the scientific method, as the results should be replicable to be considered valid.

c) The measurement is important for the results to be objective, so this is also describing the scientific method.

d) It's not strictly necessary that what we are testing can be detected by senses, because in some cases the subjects of the scientific method cannot be observed directly by humans, but we can use equipment to be able to detect them.

So, in this case, B and C would be the correct answers.

answer and explanation

The answer is the letter B. a hypothesis

*A hypothesis is a possible explanation that corresponds to set of observations

Because sunlight is needed to break down h2o and co2 molecules in to c6h12o6

Answer:

DNA, Nucleus, RNA polymerase, template strand, mRNA

mRNA, amino acids, proteins, ribosome, tRNA, polypeptide

Explanation:

I have to go to class but in about an hour I can explain it if you want me to

Transcription - DNA converted into mRNA

DNA in nucleus

translation - mRNA converted into amino acids

mRNA in ribosomes

Biology > Human Biology > Central nervous system + Peripheral nervous system

In the diagram, we are looking at three distinct structures, the brain (A) and spinal cord (B) that make up the central nervous system, and peripheral nerves (C) that make up the peripheral nervous system and come from the spinal cord.

The peripheral nervous system picks up signals from the environment and sends them to the brain, which processes them. Therefore, the answers would be as follows:

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. C

7. A

8. B

9. B

10. A

In order to determine whether a trait is dominant or not, you must have an organism that is known to be heterozygous. Parental phenotype that occurs in a heterozygous organism is dominant. Trait that reappear in f2 generation is recessive .

Identification of genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype, one Test cross must be done .

If an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific allele, It is needed to  perform a test cross.

Punnett square is a table in which all of the possible results for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes is performed .

Punnett Square, the genotype of each parent is placed on the sides of a four chambered box. Alleles of one parents is set up on top and other placed down one side .

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The process of transcription and translation is important since their regulation decides the genes expressed by a cell, determining the function that this cell can perform.

Two ground-breaking scientific publications explaining the chemical underpinnings of muscle contraction were published in 1954.

The cylindrical, long cells that make up skeletal muscle. They are referred to as muscle fibers or myofibers because of how they appear. Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated cells, which means that they have multiple nuclei (rather than a single nucleus), as a result of the early developmental fusion of numerous precursor muscle cells (embryonic myoblasts).

Some parts of a sarcomere shrink while others remain the same size. A sarcomere is defined as the space between two adjacent Z discs or Z lines; this space is shrunk when a muscle contracts.

Only thick filaments are present in the H zone, which is the center of the A zone, and it shortens during contraction. The I band includes just thin filaments and likewise shortens.

Therefore, Two ground-breaking scientific publications explaining the chemical underpinnings of muscle contraction were published in 1954.

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A)In this case, we are talking of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, in the first case the nicotinic is called like that because nicotine can activate them, meanwhile the second is not, so in the table type one would be nicotinic meanwhile type two would be muscarinic. So nicotinic receptors are ligand-activated receptors, they possess hetero-oligomers of five subunits each with four transmembrane domains, meanwhile the muscarinic are coupled to a G protein, consist of individual proteins with seven transmembrane domains.

Nicotinic receptors allow the entrance of NA+ ions or the exit of K+, In some other cases allow the pass of Ca+, depolarizing the cell and generating a postsynaptic potential. Meanwhile, the muscarinic receptors mediate the subsequent hyperpolarization (recovery of the neuron after depolarization) and a type of depolarization (slow polarization).

B)Actilcholinesterase hydrolyzes the acetylcholine and that way ends the action of the neurotransmitter released in the synaptic cleft, if this neurotransmitter is not eliminated the ionic channels mediated by the receptors would not open again, as long as the acetylcholine is still detected once depolarization occurred the channel will not open, so muscular contraction cannot happen normally if acetylcholinesterase is inhibited.

During his experiments, Mendel used the pea plant as an object of study. Some of the reasons were that these plants have genetic variability (different color, shape or size), crossing between varieties is easy, and self-pollination can be prevented by removing the anthers of the flowers.

Since Mendel's experiments did involve dominant and recessive alleles for a trait, and flowers can be easily protected from foreign or self-pollinated pollen, the answer is D (a plant that has only 2 alleles for a trait), since the traits that Mendel evaluated as color or shape had two alleles for each trait (color: yellow/green, shape: smooth/rough).

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Genetic drift is more important in small populations because the chances of an allele being lost or fixed in the population are much higher, this is because each individual in a small population represents a larger proportion of the entire population (than in a large population).

What we see in the image is a genealogy, where a disease or trait is highlighted. Each square and circle represents an individual, and its color represents whether they have the disease (completely black), are carriers (half and half), or are healthy (white).

In this case, both squares and circles can be carriers, so this is not a disease carried in the sex chromosomes, and this also means two copies are needed for the disease to express, so the individual with the disease (black) are homozygous recessive. This means that individual 5 from generation II is NOT homozygous recessive.

Usually, squares represent males and circles represent females, so that means that II-5 would be a female heterozygous.

The chocolate chip, which represents fossil fuels, leave a hole or spaces when extracted from the cookie. Much like when we take fossil fuel underground, there will be empty spaces underground left behind when the fossil fuels are extracted. In the case of coal mine, there are surface mines. Surface mines level off mountains to extract the coals within. It can cause change of landscapes.

In the cookie's case, it looked ugly without the chocolate chip. In the case of the environment, the surface of the mountains are stipped off and are no longer capable of sustaining life.

Answer:

7) A. $96

8) A. $216

9) C. $86

10) E. $88

Explanation:

7) Clothes = hat (3%) + sneakers (21%)

Hat: $400 * 3%(0.03) = $12

Sneakers: $400 x 21%(0.21) = $84

$12 + $84 = $96!

8) Find snowboard percentage by:

100% - (The all revealed percent)

= 100% - (21%+14%+8%+3%) = 51%

= $400 * 51%(0.51) = $216

9) Video games = 14%

= $400 * 41%(0.41) = $86

10)

Dvds: $400 * 8% = $32

Video games = $86

= $32 + $86

-----

I hope this is helpfull and understandable. Just ask me if u don't understand something about this ^^

Gene therapy can improve the society by being able to treat a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, etc.

A gene is referred to as the the basic physical and functional unit of heredity and is present in the DNA of living organisms. On the other hand gene therapy is the process in which there are changes made to the human  genome in other to treat a disease or illness.

This is usually done by introducing a normal gene into an individual's genome in order to repair different types of mutation and has been effectively proven to have such type of property.

Gene therapy generally ensures that different types of sicknesses are successfully treated by the healthcare professionals thereby decreasing the mortality rate.

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The advantages of multicellular organism over a unicellular organism is that:

- The multicellular organism can have a longer lifespan because they cells can die and be substitued without the death of the whole organism;

- The multicellular organism can increse in size without limitations because the cells integrate and associated;

- In addiction, multicellularity also permits each cell be able to specialize in different metabolic activities.

- The multicellularity promotes differents types of cells in one organism.

Scientists believe that over 99 percent (D answer option) of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct. This can be known by archeologist research, which allows us to know what species lived in the past by studying the soil, its different layers, and the found fossils, dating with high precision how many years ago those organisms inhabited our planet. With these research tools, we have known that there were at least five massive extinctions on the Earth, where aquatic and terrestrial species perished, and they are the Ordovician-Silurian (around 440 mya), Devonian, the Permian-Triassic, the Triassic-Jurassic, and the Cretaceous-tertiary (65 mya) extinctions.

The energy flow in a food chain works from the highest to the lowest amount, since the energy flows starts from the light used by the producers to make photoshynthesis, and is gradually lost with the passafe of each trophic level. Therefore, between the organisms in the Chesapeake Bay the alternative C. Bald eagle is the one that presents the species with the lowest amount of stored energy in this food chain, being it the last trophic level (tertiary comsumer).

a: endosperm

b: cotyledon

c: coleoptile

d: epicotyl

e: hypocotyl

f: radicle

The photo shows parts of a monocot seed. The type of seed germination observed from monocot seed is hypogeal germination.