Due to its higher polarity than the beginning methyl benzoate, the product's Rf value on the a gel TLC plate is lower.
The statement is true
What Are people harmed by benzoate?The FDA has also given it the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) designation. If ingested in doses of less that 5 mg/kg or body weight per day, sodium benzoate is regarded as safe for human health. This level saw the establishment of the Acceptable Daily Sodium intake (ADI).
Why is benzoate poisonous?Despite being regarded as safe, scientists have demonstrated that mixing sodium benzoate with ascorbic acid can have unfavorable side effects (vitamin C). Their research shows that it eventually transforms into benzene, a recognized carcinogen that may result in cancer.
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Why do we produce formaldehyde?
We produce formaldehyde for medicinal purposes and synthesizing polyester.
Formaldehyde is a compound that is required in about 1.5 ounces in quantity as a normal part of our metabolism.
Also formaldehyde is used as a catalyst in the formation for the synthesis of many polyesters.
Formaldehyde also has many uses such as fungicide, germicide, disinfectant and as a preservative in mortuaries as well as important chemical in medical Laboratories.
In everyday items press fabric paints coating and paper base products also includes formaldehyde.
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which of the compounds would most readily react with a strong base, such as nanh2, to form a carbanion?
NaNH2 is a strong base & excellent nucleophile. Benzene diazonium chloride when reacts with hypo phosphorus acid produces to form a carbanion.
What is base?
There are three common definitions of the term base in chemistry known as Arrhenius base, Bronsted base and Lewis base. All definitions are first given by G.-F. Ruel in the mid-eighteenth century.
Therefore, NaNH2 is a strong base & excellent nucleophile. Benzene diazonium chloride when reacts with hypo phosphorus acid produces to form a carbanion.
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You are given the task to experimentally determine the density of an unknown liquid.
Answer:-Fill an oversized 1L graduated cylinder with a set amount 500ml of water and record below. To find the total Volume displaced, subtract Initial Volume and Volume of Object. To calculate Density divide the Mass in grams by the Volume displaced in milliliters. Finally record whether the object floats or sinks.
Measure the volume of water poured into a graduated cylinder, then place the object in the water and remeasure the volume. The difference between the two volume measurements is the volume of the object. Now simply divide the mass by the volume to calculate the density of the object.
Using a mass balance, mass the container. Pour the liquid into the container and mass them together. Subtract the mass of the container from the mass of the container with the liquid. The difference will be the mass of the liquid alone.
The equation for Beer's law is a straight line with the general form of y = mx +b. where the slope, m, is equal to εl. In this case, use the absorbance found for your unknown, along with the slope of your best fit line, to determine c, the concentration of the unknown solution.
What reacts quickly with bromine solution?
The compound SrBr₂ contains how many atoms?
02
04
01
0 3
60 POINTS ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP
pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. t or f
False. Pressure has a direct impact on the solubility of liquids and solids. Increasing pressure raises the solubility of a given substance, while decreasing pressure reduces it. This is because higher pressure forces molecules closer together, making it easier for them to dissolve in a solvent.
The Impact of Pressure on the Solubility of Liquids and SolidsThe effect of pressure on the solubility of liquids and solids is an important factor to consider in many industrial processes. When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a given substance increases as well, due to the increased force between molecules which makes it easier for them to dissolve in a solvent.
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The partial pressure of ch4(g) is 0. 175 atm, and the partial pressure of o2(g) is 0. 250 atm in a mixture of the two gases. The mixture occupies a volume of 10. 5 l at 65 oc. Solve all three parts of the question.
0.161 mole of gas present in the the mixture of ch4 and o2 of volume 10.5l . This is calculated using the Dalton's law of partial pressure and Ideal gas equation.
Partial pressure of the gas is derived by Dalton's law of partial pressure. Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. The partial pressure of ch4 is 0.175atm and the partial pressure of o2 is 0.250. we can calculate the total pressure.
Partial pressure CH4 = 0.175 atm.
Partial pressure O2 = 0.250 atm.
Total pressure = 0.175 atm. + 0.250 atm. = 0.425 atm.
mole fraction CH4 = 0.175/0.425 = 0.412
mole fraction O2 = 0.250/0.425 = 0.588
The mixture occupies a volume of 10.5l at 65 degree.so, we can use here the ideal gas equation. It is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.
PV = n RT
(0.425 atm.) (10.5 L) = n(0.0821 L atm. / K mole) (338 K)
n = 0.161 moles
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the atmospheric pressure at the surface of venus is 90.8 atm. the venusian atmosphere is 96.5% co2 and 3.5% n2 by volume, with small amounts of other gases also present. compute the mole fraction and partial pres- sure of n2 in the atmosphere of venus.
The proportion of nitrogen and oxygen in our atmosphere is roughly 78% and 21%, respectively, with smaller amounts of other gases making up the remainder. In a given sample of air, nitrogen accounts for 78% of the gas particles and hence exerts 78% of the pressure.
Venus' atmosphere differs significantly from Earth's. 96.5 percent of the atmosphere's gases are carbon dioxide, and 3% are nitrogen. The abundance of nitrogen on Venus adds to pressure levels well over 2700mmHg because Venus' atmospheric pressure is around 92 times greater than Earth's. Humans could not breathe there because there is no oxygen there. Not that anyone would want to visit Venus because its surface is typically warmer than 460oC.
The Law of Partial Pressures of Dalton:
Gas pressure is the outcome of gas particle collisions with the inside walls of their container. The gas pressure rises as additional gas is supplied to a rigid container. It doesn't matter what the two gases are called. English chemist John Dalton, who made thewho developed the atomic hypothesis also looked at gas mixes. He discovered that each gas in a combination exerts pressure on its own, independent of the other gases.
For instance, The pressure of just the nitrogen in the air is 0.78 atm, if the total atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. The oxygen content of the air is 0.21 atm.
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draw the alkyne formed when 2,3‑dichloropentane is treated with an excess of strong base such as sodium amide.
The same catalysts used in alkene hydrogenation—platinum, palladium, nickel, and rhodium—are utilized in the catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes. Step-by-step, hydrogenation creates an alkene first, which is then further hydrogenated to create an alkane.
How are alkenes created?
Elimination processes, which remove two atoms from adjacent carbon atoms to create a double bond, are typically used to create alkenes. Dehydration of alcohols, dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, and dehalogenation of alkanes are all steps in the preparation process.
What is an alkyne's end product?
Similar to alkenes, the major reaction route for alkynes is "addition," which entails rupturing the C-C bond and creating two new single bonds to carbon. Alkenes are the end product of addition reactions to alkynes, and as we just saw, addition reactions also occur in alkene reactions.
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The biosphere is the sum of
Answer:
... all of the ecosystems in the world
bio means life and sphere implies the world is how you can remember it.
Explanation:
Is water an element
Answer:yes
Explanation:the element of the world is water,fire,air,and earth
9.0 mol Na2S reacts with 8.0 mol
CuSO4 according to the equation below:
Na2S + CuSO4 → Na2SO4 + CuS
Considering only the 9.0 mol Na2S, how
many moles of CuS can form?
?] mol CuS
Here, CuSO₄ is the limiting reagent. Considering only the 9.0 mol Na₂S, 1 mole of CuS can form.
What is limiting reagent?The limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed during a reaction. Reagents that are entirely consumed by a chemical reaction are known as limiting reagents. They are additionally known as limiting reactants or limiting agents.
The limiting reagent is the reactant which completely reacts before the other reactant(s) is used up. When 9.0 moles Na₂S and 8.0 moles CuSO₄ react, it appears that CuSO₄ is the limiting reagent.
Now, no. of moles of CuS = (mass of substance) / (mass of one mole)
= (95.611 g/moles) / (95.611 g/moles)
= 1 moles.
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The following ions contain the same number of electrons. Rank them in order of decreasing ionic radii!
Sc3+, P3-, Cl-, Ca2+, K+, S2-
The ionic radii for the given ions are respectively described:
[tex]Sc^{3+}[/tex] = 74.5 pm
[tex]P^{3-}[/tex] = 212 pm
[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] = 181 pm
[tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] = 100 pm
[tex]K^{+}[/tex] = 138 pm
[tex]S^{2-}[/tex] = 184 pm
Therefore, to put them in decreasing order according to the ionic radii, then the order would be:
[tex]P^{3-}, S^{2-}, Cl^{-}, K^{+}, Ca^{2+}, Sc^{3+}[/tex]
The radius of a single ion in an ionic crystal is denoted by the symbol "[tex]r_{ion}[/tex]." The distance between ions in a crystal lattice is equal to the sum of the radii of the cation and anion, despite the fact that neither atoms nor ions have clear boundaries. The radius of an ion is commonly expressed in picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å), where 1 Equals 100 pm.
Coordination number, spin state, and other characteristics affect ionic radius. Ionic radius readings are transferrable enough to identify periodic trends. Ionic radii rise with group descent, like other atomic radii. High-spin ions are larger than low-spin ones, and coordination number enhances ionic size. Positive charge decreases ionic radius, while negative charge increases it.
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Sulfur (s) and fluorine (f2) react to form sulfur hexafluoride (sf6). If 50. 0 g s reacts with 105. 0 g f2, what mass of the excess reactant remains?.
The mass of extra reagent left is 20.58 g of the Sulfur (s) and fluorine (f2) react to form sulfur hexafluoride (sf6).
To calculate the quantity of moles, we use the equation:
Number of moles Given mass Molar massFor sulfur:Given mass of sulfur = 50 gMolar mass of sulfur = 32q / molPutting values in equation 1, we get:Moles of sulfur 50g 32g/molFor fluorine fueloline:Given mass of fluorine fueloline = 105gMolar mass of fluorine fueloline = 37.99 g/molPutting values in equation 1, we get:Moles of fluorine fueloline 2.76mol= (105g)/(37.99g / mol) = = 1.56molThe chemical equation for the response of sulfur and fluorine fueloline follows:S(g) + 3F(g) -> SF(g)By Stoichiometry of the response:three moles of fluorine fueloline reacts with 1 mole of sulfurSo, 2.seventy six moles of fluorine fueloline will react with = 1 × 2.76 = 0.92mol of sulfurAs, given quantity of sulfur is greater than the specified quantity. So, it's far taken into consideration as an extra reagent.Thus, fluorine fueloline is taken into consideration as a restricting reagent as it limits the formation of product.Moles of extra reagent (sulfur) left = 1.56 0.92 0.64 moles.Now, calculating the mass of sulfur from equation 1, we get:Molar mass of sulfur = 32g / molMoles of sulfur = 0.sixty four molesPutting values in equation 1, we get:0.64mol = (Massofsulfur)/(32g / mol)Massofsulfur = 20.48gHence, the mass of extra reagent left is 20.48 gRead more about Flourine:
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Which of the following is a sign that a chemical change has occurred?
Group of answer choices
glass changes shape when it falls and breaks
water produces a gas when it is placed on a hot stovetop
a firework explodes releasing heat, sound, and light energy
a substance becomes cold when it is placed in the freezer
As a system reaches thermal equilibrium, _____ has been transferred from areas of high to low _____.
The Thermal energy is transferred from thermal equilibrium and that has been transferred from areas of high to low temperature.
As the temperature of an object increases, the average kinetic energy of its particles increases. As the average kinetic energy of its particles increases, the thermal energy of the object increases. Therefore, the thermal energy of an object increases as its temperature increases. 2.
Heat is the flow of energy from hot to cold. When these temperatures equalize, the heat flow stops and the system (or set of systems) shuts down. should be in thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium also means that no matter enters or leaves the system.
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what is required in order to be able to identify an element based on its flame test color
In the flame test, the metal is put under the flame. The flame turns in different colors based on which the element is identified.
What is the flame test?A flame test can be described as an analytical procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of elements, primarily metal ions, based on the characteristic emission spectrum of each element. The color of flames depends on temperature and oxygen.
This test involves introducing a sample of the compound to a hot, non-luminous flame, then observing the color of the flame that results. Sample atoms evaporate when they are hot, they release light when being in flame.
Bulk samples can emit light too, but their light is not good for analysis. Bulk samples emit light with HCl to remove traces of previous analytes.
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What is the empirical formula for a compound containing 2. 128 g of cl and 1. 203 g of ca?.
The empirical formula for a compound containing 2.128 g of Cl and 1.203 g of Ca is CaCl₂.
What is Empirical formula?The empirical formula is the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule, but not all atomic numbers in a compound.
the empirical formula can be calculate as follows:
Start by dividing the mass by the atomic mass of each element
Cl= 2.128 = 0.0599437
35.5
Ca = 1.203 = 0.030075
40
Then divide each value by the lowest value
Mathematically, we have that as:
Cl = 0.0599437 = 2
0.030075
Ca = 0.030075 = 1
0.030075
therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is CaCl₂
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for the phase transfer catalysis experiment: when running a pipet column with silica gel, what is the correct order in which compounds will elute out of the column? for the phase transfer catalysis experiment: when running a pipet column with silica gel, what is the correct order in which compounds will elute out of the column? least polar compounds, most polar compounds, medium polar compounds most polar compounds, least polar compounds, medium polar compounds least polar compounds, medium polar compounds, most polar compounds most polar compounds, medium polar compounds, least polar compounds
The following substances are normally eluted from columns in the following order: alkyl halides, saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, ketones, amines, alcohols, phenols, and acids. Frequently, salts and polymeric compounds do not elute.
What substances will elute from the column?The more polar molecules will elute from the column following the non-polar ones. Elution is a result of chemicals interacting with the stationary and mobile phases. Therefore, in typical column chromatography, non-polar substances will elute first.
What chemicals elute first: less polar ones?Elution is a result of chemicals interacting with the stationary and mobile phases. Therefore, in typical column chromatography, non-polar substances will elute first.
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cyclopentane c5h10 is an alkane with a ring structure, that reacts with chlorine, cl2, to produce c2h9cl and hcl. following is a representation of a proposed mechanism for the reaction. Cl2-->2CL (Slow) Cl+C5H10-->HCl+C5H9 (Fast) C5H9+Cl-->C5H9Cl (Fast). (a0 Write the overall equation for the reaction. (b)Write a rate for the reaction that is consistent with the mechanism. Justify your answer (c) A student claims that cl2 is a catalyst in the reaction. Explain why the students claim is false.
A. We are aware that the reaction's rate depends on the slowest, or rate-determining, step in the overall reaction mechanism. The first step of the reaction is the one that moves the most slowly in the example reaction mechanism. As a result, just one step (Step 1) would have an impact on the reaction's rate.
As a result, the rate law for the mechanism described is given by –
Step 1. Cl2 2Cl (slow) ---------k1
Step 2. Cl + C5H10HCl + C5H9 (fast) ---------k2
Step 2. C5H9 + Cl C5H9Cl (fast) ---------k3
Step 1. is the slowest step. So, the reaction rate will depend upon on the rate of Step 1 only.
Hence, the rate law for the reaction is given by –
Rate = k1 [Cl2]
B. A species that is created and then consumed in situation is referred to as an intermediate of a reaction mechanism; hence, reaction intermediates never appear in the final rate law or in the actual reaction itself. The overall reaction in this reaction will show up, and likewise will be included in the rate law, as demonstrated above.
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What does the wavelength of an EM wave tell about its energy?
A. As the wavelength decreases, the energy increases.
B. As the wavelength increases, the energy goes to zero.
C. As the wavelength decreases, the energy becomes constant.
D. As the wavelength increases, the energy increases.
Wavelength of an EM wave indicates that as the wavelength decreases, the energy increases. option A.
What defines electromagnetic wave's wavelength?The distance between identical points in adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagated in space or along a wire is defined as the wavelength. This length is typically specified in wireless systems in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).
The frequency and energy (E) of a wavelength decrease as its size increases. These equations show that as the frequency and energy increases, the wavelength decreases. The wavelength grows longer as the frequency decreases. There are two basic types of waves: mechanical and electromagnetic.
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Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the heat of reaction for 50.00 g of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole.
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O ΔH∘rxn = -11018 kJ
Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the heat of reaction for 50.00 of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 .
When the heat of reaction is applied to 50 octane, the heat of reaction is -2407.43 KJ. Octane has a molar mass of 114.33.
Explain about the octane?It's important not to confuse octane with the octane number assigned to gasoline because octane is a hydrocarbon with an eight-atom chain. The antiknock characteristics of fuels are compared using the octane rating system, which uses a scale with 0 being pure n-heptane and 100 being pure 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane, an isomer of octane).
When a fuel is burnt in a mixture with air in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, its capacity to withstand knocking is measured by its octane number, often known as its antiknock rating.
The liquid n-octane has the smell of gasoline and is colorless. Both less dense and insoluble in water as a result, floats on water. In order for modern engines to operate correctly, octane, a fuel additive, is required.
Octane weight is 50 g.
Octane's molecular weight is 114.33 g/mole.
We must first determine the octane molecular weight.
= 50/114.33g/mole.
=0.4373
Heat energy released by 2 moles of octane is -11018 KJ.
Octane releases 0.437 moles of heat energy, so
-11018/2 x s 0.437
=-2407.433
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A flask has a mass of 78. 23 g when empty and 593. 63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, h2so4, its mass is 1026. 57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid in g/cm3? (assume water has a density of 1. 00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the measurement. ).
The density of concentrated sulfuric acid that filled into a flask with 1026.57g mass is 1.84 g/cm^3.
It is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol that used for density is ρ and it expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre.
How to calculate the density of concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4?
Volume of Flask = 593.63 - 78.23 = 515.4g of water
1g of water = 1cm^3 so the volume is 515.4cm^3
Mass = 1026.57 - 78.23 = 948.34g
Density of sulfuric acid = Mass / Volume
= 948.34 / 515.4
= 1.84 g / cm^3
Therefore, the density of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1.84 g/cm^3
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What is the best salt to use on roads?
Answer:
Sodium Chloride
Explanation:
The most common substance used for deicing roads and highways is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or table salt known as rock salt when spread on the road because of its much larger granules.
place the components of the electron‑transport chain to outline the flow of electrons from nadh to o2.
The electron transport chain NADH → NADH dehydrogenase complicated → ubiquinone → cytochrome b-c1 complicated → cytochrome c → cytochrome oxidase complicated → molecular oxygen (O2).
At every protein pump, NADH (or FADH2) offers up electrons (e-) and turns into NAD+ (or FAD).switch of electrons through NADH and FADH2 to complicated I and II, respectively. The status quo of an electrochemical gradient through proton pumping and motion of electrons thru the chain.
Splitting of oxygen molecule to shape water. Generation of ATP molecules through ATP synthase route of electron glide is NADH → NADH dehydrogenase complicated → ubiquinone → cytochrome b-c1 complicated → cytochrome c → cytochrome oxidase complicated → molecular oxygen (O2). The breathing enzyme complexes couple the energetically favorable shipping of electrons to the pumping of H+ out of the matrix.
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a solution is prepared by bubbling nh3 in water until 25 g of nh3 dissolves. the final solution weighs 250 g and the density of the solution is 0.974 g/ml. what is the mole fraction of nh3 in the solution?
The mole fraction of the NH₃ in the solution is 0.0955.
given that :
mass of the NH₃ = 25 g
mass of the H₂O = 250 g
moles of the NH₃ = 25 g/ 17.03 g /mol
= 1.468 mol
moles of the H₂O = 250 g/ 18 g /mol
= 13.88 mol
total moles = 15.36 mol
the mole fraction of NH₃ = moles of NH₃ / total moles
= 1.468 / 15.36
= 0.0955
Thus, A solution is prepared by bubbling NH₃ in water until 25 g of nh3 dissolves. the final solution weighs 250 g and the density of the solution is 0.974 g/ml. the mole fraction of NH₃ in the solution is 0.0955.
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a chemist, running tests on an unknown sample from an illegal waste dump, isolates 18 grams of what he suspects is a radioactive element. in order to help identify the element, he would like to know the half-life. he determines that after 50 days only 5 grams of the original element remains. what is the half-life of this mystery element? round your answer to two decimal places, if necessary.
The half-life. he determines that after 50 days only 5 grams of the original element remains The half-life of this mystery element 26.99 days.
The expression for the half life is given as :
5 = 18(1/2)^50/t
log( 5/18 ) = 50 / t log( 1/2)
-0.5575 = 50 / t ( - 0.3010)
t = 15.05 / 0.5575
t = 26.99 days
Thus, A chemist, running tests on an unknown sample from an illegal waste dump, isolates 18 grams of what he suspects is a radioactive element. in order to help identify the element, he would like to know the half-life. he determines that after 50 days only 5 grams of the original element remains. the half-life of this mystery element is 26.99 days.
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what is a sign in the chemical reaction that the acid/base is stronger than the conjugate acid/conjugate base in a chemical reaction?
If the acid and base are the reactants, then the conjugate acid and conjugate base are the products
What is Conjugate Acid?
There is a conjugate base for every acid. Every base has an acid conjugate. When acids react, they "give" H+. When they separate in water, this is most clearly visible:
This illustration uses sulfuric acid (H
Due to the fact that it "donates" H + to the water, 2 S O 4) is an acid. It turns into the hydrogen sulfite ion, or H S O 4—the conjugate base of sulfuric acid.
A conjugate acid differs from the base it was generated from in that it has one additional H atom and one more + charge
The conjugate base is what is left over after the acid has finished doing its work and lost a proton.
The conjugate acid is what is produced after the initial base has finished its work. take in a proton.
It truly is that easy.
KOH + HCl results in K+, Cl-, and H2O.
Cl(-) is the conjugate base of HCl in the example above, while water is the conjugate acid of hydroxide.
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Suppose a reaction were to happen in an open container in a lab. During the reaction, the scientist observes the chemicals bubble, and produces a gas. During the analysis the scientist notices that the reactants weighed 20 g when he started, and the product weighed 18 g. Explain what happened.
a. His chemical reaction defied the law of conservation of mass
b. The product destroyed mass during the reaction
c. The reactants created matter during the reaction
d. The gas that was produced was not able to be weighed since the container was open.
The thing that will happen during the analysis is that d. The gas that was produced was not able to be weighed since the container was open.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances into another. Chemical reactions can be classified in several ways, including product type, reactant type, reaction outcome, and reaction mechanism.
A given reaction can frequently be classified into two or three categories, including gas-forming and precipitation reactions. Many reactions result in the formation of a gas, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or sulfur dioxide.
Since during the reaction, the scientist observes the chemicals bubble, and produces a gas, the gas won't be able to weighed since it escaped due to the open container.
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