Which element ,cesium or francium easily loses electron ? Justify your answer in terms of atomic size and attraction towards the positive nucleus

Answer:

Explanation:

Remember that the algebraic sum of the oxidation states of a compound must be zero.

Oxygen always has the oxidation state -2.

In this case, for Fe, we have two options of oxidation state (+2 and +3).

As the algebraic sum must be zero, and we have 3 oxygens in Fe2O3, multiplying -2 by 3, we obtain -6, so we need to find the oxidation state of Fe that sum with -6, the result is zero. If the oxidation state of Fe is +3, multiplying this number by the two Fe that we have, we obtain +6, so the algebraic sum is: -6 +6 = 0.

The ion form, in this case, will look like this:

The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in isolated ions having the following nuclear symbols:

a) ¹⁹F⁻ has 9 protons , 9 neutrons , 10 electrons

b) ²⁴Mg²⁺  12 protons , 12 neutrons , 10 electrons

c) ⁵⁶Fe³⁺  26 protons , 26 electrons , 23 electrons

The atomic number of element represent the number of protons present. the no. of electrons is equals to no. of protons for neutral. the difference between mass no. and the atomic no. is equals to the no. of neutrons.

a) The atomic number of Fluorine is 9.  for neutral fluorine the no. of proton is 9 , no. of neutron is 9 , no. of electron is 9. negative sign represent one extra electron.

¹⁹F⁻ has 9 protons , 9 neutrons , 10 electrons

b) The atomic number of Mg is 12. + 2 represents that 2 electrons are removed from the neutral Mg.

²⁴Mg²⁺  12 protons , 12 neutrons , 10 electrons

c) The atomic number of Fe is 26.

⁵⁶Fe³⁺  26 protons , 26 electrons , 23 electrons

Thus, The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in isolated ions having the following nuclear symbols:

a) ¹⁹F⁻ has 9 protons , 9 neutrons , 10 electrons

b) ²⁴Mg²⁺  12 protons , 12 neutrons , 10 electrons

c) ⁵⁶Fe³⁺  26 protons , 26 electrons , 23 electrons

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Explanation:

Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's law states that two volumes (equal volumes) of any gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

Answer: Avogadro's hypothesis

Answer

The mass/volume percent = 16/50 x 100% = 32%

Explanation

Given:

Mass of NaCl, m = 16.0 g

Volume of solution, v = 50.0 mL

What to find:

The mass/volume percent.

Solution

The mass/volume percent of the solution can be calculated using the formula below

The mass/volume percent = 16/50 x 100% = 32%

Answer: A negative value of ΔG describes a spontaneous reaction (letter B).

Explanation:

The question requires us to choose the correct option that describes a reaction with negative value of free energy change (ΔG).

Free energy (G) refers to the energy that is available to a system to do work. It refers to the spontainety of a chemical reaction rather than the heat energy that is released or absorbed by the system as the reaction occurs.

As the spontainety of a reaction is determined by the enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH and ΔS, respectively) that occur in the system, free energy change (ΔG) can be defined in terms of ΔH and ΔS:

A spontaneous chemical reaction is one that releases energy, thus the reaction will be spontaneous when ΔG value is negative.

Answer:

Exothermic is the best choice.

Explanation:

A negative sign for ΔG means that energy was released from the system.  The term for that is exothermic (exo means outside).  Endothermic reaactions absorb energy from their surroundings.  [They are no fun.]  Spontaneous reactions can be endothermic or exothermic.  Most will be exothermic, so it is tempting to select this as the answer.  But all exothermic reaction have a negative ΔG, so it is the best choice.

Answer:

A. Water changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid.

Explanation:

We can see the following points in the diagram:

- Point A: water starts at 0.5 atm and 100°C, so it is vapor (gas).

- Point B: water changes from vapor to liquid.

- Point C: water changes from liquid to solid.

- Point D: water as a solid reaches a temperature of -10°C.

So, water changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid.

We usually represent a synthesis like this:

A + B ------> AB

So, when looking at our equation, it is really similar to it

4 Si + S8 ----> 2 Si2S4

We are combining two compounds to get a different one

Covalent bonding

Covalent Bond

-----

Bonds order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and indicates the stability of a bond. Bond order and bond length indicate the type and strength of covalent bonds.

Bond order and length are inversely proportional to each other: when bond order is increased, the bond length is decreased.

O2: O=O

N2: N≡N

N2 has a shorter length than O2

Volume of 77.58 g of zinc is calculated as , volume= 11.08 cm^3

Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance and SI unit for mass is the kilogram. Volume measures the amount of space that a substance  takes up and SI unit for volume is cubic meter.  Volume of the object is directly proportional to its mass such that as the volume increases the mass of the object increases.

Given, mass of zinc = 77.58g

We know that density of zinc = 7g/cm^3

1cm^3 of zinc will move 7gm

Let volume be x

x= 77.58/7

Volume = 11.08 cm^3

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the number of moles of water that would form

From the equation of reaction, 4 moles of ammonia produced 6 moles of water

However, 8.2 moles of ammonia will produce x moles of water

To get the value of x, we have it that:

You can note that the roman numerals in the parenthesis of carbon (IV) oxide and carbon (II) oxide indicate the oxidation state of carbon.

Remember that oxides are compounds that are formed with oxygen and another element, in this case, is carbon. It's important to clarify that the oxidation state of oxygen is always -2. The algebraic sum of the oxidation states must be zero.

One way to distinguish this is to write the oxidation state in every element and then, put these numbers on the other element. Let's see this with the example of carbon (IV) oxide (IV is 4):

And for carbon (II) oxide, we can do the same:

Carbon (IV) oxide is CO2 because the oxidation state of carbon is +4 and carbon (II) oxide is CO because the oxidation state of carbon is +2.

Between the physical properties of CO, we have that it's a colorless compound, at ambient temperature is a gas and it's odorless.

For CO2, it's a gas at an ambient temperature too, it's odorless too at low concentrations and it is denser than air.

Answer:

Explanation:

1. O3 compound name ozone make up of only one type of atom oxygen.

 2. Fe is an element that contain only iron atom.

  3. NaCl sodium chloride is a compound that contains 2 types of atoms sodium and chlorine.

4. CO2  carbon dioxide contains one carbon and two oxygen atom.

Only O3 and Fe contain only one type of atom.

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The molarity of the solution is 0.209 M.

Molarity is an expression of the concentration of a compound and it is represented in mole/liter.

So, we need to know how many moles tha sample has.

- First, with the molar mass of the NaCl molecule we calculate the number of moles conteined in 9.2g of NaCl:

NaCl molar mass= 58.44g/mol

- Second, molarity is expressed in 1 liter, so we calculate the number of moles that are conteined in 1 liter:

- So, the molarity of the solution is 0.209 M.

The quemical equation is balanced because the total number of each element on the reactants side (to the left of the arrow) is equal to the total number of each element on the products side (to the right of the arrow).

For example, on the reactants side there are:

- 1 Mg

- 8 O

- 4 H

- 2 N

And, on the products side there are:

- 1 Mg

- 2 N

- 8 O

- 4 H

Models should show two separate containers of liquid and There should be a key to tell what the arrows represent and how the molecules are represented.

It is the lowest point in the substance and has chemical elements. Atoms don't exist on their own; instead, they combine to create ions and molecules, which combine to create the substances that we can see, feel, and touch.

One or more atoms joined together by covalent (chemical) bonds make up molecules. Atoms may be seen as circles with a central nucleus (consisting of protons and neutrons) and one or more concentric circles around it that represent the "shells" or "levels" in which the electrons surrounding the atom's nucleus are placed as well as marks that distinguish the electron. every level

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Answer:

Explanations:

Using the ideal gas equation expressed as:

P is the given pressure of the gas

V is the volume of the gas

n is the number of moles

R is the gas constant

T is the temperature in Kelvon.

Given the following parameters:

Electronegativity and Ionization energies are similar because they both explain the interactions between an atomic nucleus and electrons.

However, they are different because electronegativity explains the attraction of electrons while the ionization energy is about the removal of electrons from an atom.

According to the problem we are adding a 0.1 M solution of KOH to a 0.1 M solution of HCOOH. So, we are titrating a weak acid using a strong base.

The reaction that describes this titration is:

HCOOH (aq) + KOH (aq) <----> HCOOK (aq) + H₂O (l)

The reaction is 1 to 1, since all the coefficients are 1.

The equivalence point occurs when equal number of moles of acid reacts with equal number of moles of base.

Let's find the initial number of moles of metanoic acid that we had:

Initial number of moles of HCOOH = 10.00 mL * 0.1 mmol/mL

Initial number of moles of HCOOH = 1.00 mmol

In the equilibrium point we need the same number of moles of the strong base.

Moles of KOH =

Dinitrogen pentaoxide ===> nitrogen + oxygen

Dinitrogen pentaoxide = N2O5

Nitrogen (remember diatomic) = N2

Oxygen (remember diatomic) = O2

The reaction:

N2O5 ===> N2 + O2

To balance, we must have the same number of atoms on both sides.

So, you must add some numbers in front of each molecule.

Answer: 2 N2O5 ===> 2 N2 + 5 O2 (the balanced reaction)

Answer

250 mL of 0.125 M HCl can be prepared from concentrated HCl (aq) that is 38.0% by mass with a density of 1.19 g/mL by adding 2.49 mL of HCL(38%) into a small quantity of water, mix to disperse; then dilute with solvent water up to but not to exceed the total needed volume of solution (in this case 250 mL).

Explanation

The problem can be solve in four steps:

Step 1: Calculate the number of moles in 38.0% by mass of HCl.

Step 2: The volume of the 38.0% by mass HCl solution.

Volume of solution in Liters containing 1.06 mole of HCl =

Step 3: Calculate the molarity of HCl (38.0%)

Step 4: To calculate the volume of HCl (38.0%) required to prepare 250 mL of 0.125 M HCl.

Note: Formula weight of HCl = 36 g/mol

Therefore, 250 mL of 0.125 M HCl can be prepared from concentrated HCl (aq) that is 38.0% by mass with a density of 1.19 g/mL by adding 2.49 mL of HCL(38%) into a small quantity of water, mix to disperse; then dilute with solvent water up to but not to exceed the total needed volume of solution (in this case 250 mL).

INFORMATION:

We need to determine the role of the water in assembling and decomposing of polysaccharides

STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION:

To determine it, we need to know the process of decomposing polysaccharides:

Process of decomposing polysaccharides:

Polysaccharides can be broken down, by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds between residues, into smaller polysaccharides as well as disaccharides or monosaccharides. Its digestion within the cells, or in the digestive cavities, consists of a hydrolysis catalyzed by digestive enzymes (hydrolases) generically called glycosidases, which are specific for certain polysaccharides and, above all, for certain types of glycosidic bond. Thus, for example, the enzymes that hydrolyze starch, whose bonds are of the type called α(1→4), cannot break down cellulose, whose bonds are of the β(1→4) type, although in both cases the monosaccharide be the same. Glycosidases that digest polysaccharides, which may be called polysaccharides, generally break every other bond, thus releasing disaccharides and leaving other enzymes to complete the job later.

Now, knowing that we can decompose polysaccharides by hydrolysis and using that hydrolysis is

in which the water molecule divides and breaks one or more chemical bonds and its atoms go on to form a union of another chemical species, we can say that water plays the role of divide their molecules and break one or more chemical bonds so that their atoms form a union and the polysaccharides break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides.

ANSWER:

water plays the role of divide their molecules and break one or more chemical bonds so that their atoms form new unions and the polysaccharides break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides.

A metalloid is an elements that has some characteristics of metal and other of non-metals. In a periodic table, it is somewhere in between the metals and non-metals.

Looking to a periodic table, we have Na to the far left, so it must has metal characteristics.

Ar is to the far right, it is a noble gas, so not metalloid.

Zn is quite close to the right side, however it is in the groups of transition metals, so it is still a metal and must have metal characteristics.

As is even more to the right, exactly where the metal characteristics of elements start to change to non-metals, so As is probably the one with metalloid characteristics.

Let's talk about physical and chemical changes:

A Physical change is a type of change where the physical properties of matter change. A change of state of matter, change in colour, odour, solubility, etc. all are examples of physical change. During a physical change, neither the composition nor the chemical nature of matter is changed.

A chemical change is a change of materials into another, new materials with different properties and one or more than one new substances are formed. It results when a substance combines with another to form a new substance (synthesis or either decomposes to form more substances).

According to the definitions given, then from the options given the correct example of physical change is 3. Cutting up a piece of paper.

Answer: F, O, N, C, B

Explanation: The element with the greatest electronegativity will have the smallest radius because it holds the electrons closest to the nucleus. Fluorine is the most electronegative element (it is in the upper right of the periodic table), Francium is the lease (it is the lower left of the periodic table). With this knowledge, you should be able to recognize a trend in the periodic table associated with atomic radius size and electronegativity.

The equilibrium constant at the given temperature is equal to 0.1677.

The chemical equilibrium can be described as the state of a chemical reaction where the concentration of the reactants and products does not change with respect to time.

The balanced chemical equation of the formation of ammonia:

[tex]N_2+3H_2\leftrightarrows 2NH_3[/tex]

The mass of the nitrogen gas = 3.62 grams

The moles of nitrogen gas = 3.62/28 = 0.1293 mol

The concentration of the nitrogen gas = (0.1293/1208)× 1000 = 0.107 M

The mass of the hydrogen gas = 0.773 grams

The moles of hydrogen gas = 3.62/2 = 0.386 mol

The concentration of the hydrogen gas = (0.386/1208)× 1000 = 0.32 M

The mass of the ammonia = 0.498 grams

The moles of ammonia = 0.498/17 = 0.029 mol

The concentration of the ammonia = (0.029/1208)× 1000 = 0.024 M

The equilibrium constant: [tex]K_{eq} = \frac{[NH_3]^2}{[H_2]^3[N_2]}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} = \frac{[0.024]^2}{[0.107][0.32]^3}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} =0.1677[/tex]

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Explanation:

There are some options that are correct.

1) Amount of limiting reactant used in a reaction.

It can be calculated from the quantity of the reactants.

------

2) Amount of excess reactant from a reaction

It can be also calculated from the quantity of the reactants.

------

3) Theoretical yield of products

Answer:

Amount of limiting reactant used in a reaction

Amount of excess reactant from a reaction

Theoretical yield of products

Explanation:

Before we find the number of particles, we have to find the number of moles that are present in 500 g of Cu₂S using the molar mass of it.

molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol

molar mass of S = 32.07 g/mol

molar mass of Cu₂S = 2 * 63.55 g/mol + 1 * 32.07 g/mol

molar mass of Cu₂S = 159.17 g/mol

mass of Cu₂S = 500 g

moles of Cu₂S = 500 g/(159.17 g/mol)

moles of Cu₂S = 3.14 moles

According to Avogadro's Number there are 6.022 *10^23 particles in 1 mol of Cu₂S. Let's use that relationship to find the answer to our problem.

1 mol of Cu₂S = 6.022 * 10^23 particles

number of particles = 3.14 moles * 6.022 *10^23 particles/mol

number of particles = 1.89 *10^24 particles

Answer: There are 1.89 *10^24 particles in 500 g of Cu₂S.

Answer

A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B.

Explanation

London dispersion, also called van der Waals forces are caused by the distribution of electrons throughout the molecule/atom of the compound. It is the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently.

According to the given chart, the statement which correctly identifies the intermolecular force represented by A and compares its strength relative to the intermolecular force represented by B is: A represents London dispersion forces, which are weaker than the force represented by B.

Hence, the first option is the correct answer.

Answer:A represents London dispersion force which are weaker than the force represented by B

Explanation:

1.28x10^23 molecules of carbon dioxide are expelled.

1st) It is necessary to write the balanced equation of combustion from sugar:

2nd) We need to look for the molar mass of C12H22O11 and CO2 to make a relation between those values:

- C12H22O11 molar mass: 342 g/mol

- CO2 molar mass: 44 g/mol

3rd) According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mol of C12H22O11 produces 12 moles of CO2. Using the molar mass of the compound, in grams, 342g of C12H22O11 produces 528 g (44gx12) of CO2.

Now, with a mathematical Rule of Three we can find the amount of CO2 that is produced from 6.06g of C12H22O11:

4th) Knowing that 6.06g of jolly rancher produces 9.36g of carbon dioxide, and using the Avogadro's number (6.022x10^23 molecules/mol), we can find the molecules of CO2:

So, 1.28x10^23 molecules of carbon dioxide are expelled from the combustion of one jolly rancher.

We can write it in just one equation like this:

And the result will be the same.