Meiosis is a type of cell division in which chromosome number reduces to half of its parental chromosomal number. Meiosis usually takes place in germ cells during gamete formation.
In meiosis four daughter cells are formed. All daughter cells have only half the number of chromosomes compared to its parent. Meiosis is divided into two steps, meiosis one and two and each step divided into four steps; they are prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase. Meiosis takes place during gamete production. This process takes place in the testis and ovary. Gamete production process in testis is called spermatogenesis whereas one that takes place in ovary is oogenesis.
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How does this model support the conclusion that cells need to have a high amount of surface area relative to their total volume?
Answer:
Due to the increase in surface area, the nutrients move efficiently inside the cell.
Explanation:
The cells need to have a high amount of surface area as compared to their total volume because, with the increase of surface area, the nutrients move efficiently inside the cell. A large surface area to volume ratio indicates that the cell can be efficient in moving nutrients and waste materials around using the process of diffusion but when the volume increases instead of surface area, the efficiency of the cell decreases, and cells won't be able to do its job efficiently.
a group of freshwater green algae known as charophytes are the most closely related to plants.
Charophytes contain cellulose-based cell walls, store carbohydrates as starch, have chlorophyll a and b, and go through comparable cell-division processes like plants. The reproductive organs of charophytes are distinctive and quite different from those of other algae.
What kind of life cycle do charophytes have and what other organisms are they most similar to?The charophyte algae are the terrestrial plants' closest surviving cousins. They often exhibit zygotic meiosis during their haploid life cycles. However, this conclusion is based on a tiny number of observations and on speculative beliefs about the types of life cycles that may exist.
Plants and all green algae (Chlorophyta) originated from the same evolutionary parent. The photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are present in both of them. Between 630 million years ago, the two lineages separated.
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Cell theory describes the basic function of all living things. Why is this considered a theory and not a law?.
Answer:
Cell theory is a theory, not a law because the cell theory does not have enough support to become a law.
The scientist, Theodor Schwann in 1839, did not give the proposed cell theory enough credit to become a law.
How many chromosomes are in meiosis?
During meiosis, the human cell contains 23 chromosomes. A normal diploid human cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes; 46 total, half of which are of maternal origin and half of which are of paternal origin.
Meiosis is the process through which haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes are produced.
As a result, meiosis produces four haploid genetically distinct daughter cells, each containing half the DNA of the parent cell Because the parent cell in human cells contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), the cells created by meiosis have 23 chromosomes.
When a cell divides, the copies are separated, and each new cell receives one identical copy of each chromosome. Mitosis is a kind of cell division that results in cells having a total of 46 chromosomes.
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although darwin became the best-known evolutionist, the idea of evolution had been around well before him. darwin's key contribution was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution, which is known as
Although Darwin became the best-known evolutionist, the idea of evolution had been around well before him. Drawn's key contribution was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution, which is known as natural selection.
The variation in phenotypic variance-driven individual survival and reproduction is known as natural selection. The generational evolution of a population's heritable features is a fundamental mechanism of evolution. By contrasting it with artificial selection, which in Darwin's perspective is intentional whereas natural selection is not, he popularized the phrase "natural selection." Each group of species has its own unique characteristics. This happens in part because it's possible for an organism's genome to experience random mutations, which its descendants may inherit. People exhibit a variety of phenotypes as a result of their experiences and genetic composition throughout their lifetimes.
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Does cellular respiration take place in the plant cell? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
So what is the answer to this question then
Answer:
yes because all organisms (even plants) and it is in the mitochondria of all organisms
which one of the statements most accurately describes dna methylation? methyl groups are most often added to cytosines adjacent to guanine bases in or near the promoter sequence, decreasing the probability of gene expression. methyl groups are most often added to cytosines adjacent to guanine bases in or near the promoter sequence, increasing the probability of gene expression. methyl groups are most often added to adenine-thymine base pairs, and this increases the probability of gene expression. methyl groups are added to most bases in the promoter region of a specific gene so that rna polymerase and its associated proteins will bind more efficiently. methyl groups are most often added to guanines adjacent to cytosines bases in or near the promoter sequence, increasing the probability of gene expression.
DNA methylation refers to the process where methyl groups are most often added to cytosine adjacent to guanine bases in or near the promoter sequence, increasing the probability of gene expression.
A bodily chemical process in which DNA, proteins, or other molecules are given a methyl group by a tiny molecule. Some compounds' biological actions can be influenced by the presence of methyl groups. For instance, methylation of a gene's DNA sequence has the potential to turn the gene off, preventing it from producing proteins.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process in which a methyl group is added to the cytosine at position C5 to create 5-methylcytosine. DNA methylation controls gene expression by either attracting proteins that are involved in gene repression or by preventing transcription factor from binding to DNA.
A dynamic process involving both de novo DNA methylation and demethylation causes the pattern of DNA methylation in the genome to alter during development. As a result, differentiated cells create a consistent and distinctive DNA methylation pattern that controls the transcription of genes specific to various tissues.
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the continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of dna . explain how the passage of genes from parents to offspring, in the form of particular alleles, ensures perpetuation of parental traits in offspring and, at the same time, genetic variation among offspring.
The genetic makeup of an organism is the information encoded in the nucleotide sequence in the DNA. Genes are the genetic components that affect an individual's attributes.
Alleles are the many forms that genes can take. These alleles are passed down from parents to children; the mother and father each pass one allele. As a consequence, the genes-determined features are passed down to the progeny.
Mitosis and meiosis
New, identical cells are created during the cell division process known as mitosis. The genetic make-up of the cell and its biological components are duplicated prior to division to guarantee that the daughter cells have the same genetic make-up as the parent cell.
Meiosis is a cell division process that results in the production of gamete cells, sperm, and eggs. Half as much genetic material as the parent cell is present in the gametes that are generated. Meiosis involves the exchange of genetic material, which results in recombination of genetic material in the gametes.
Explanation for the perpetuation of parental traits and genetic variation among offspring:
The qualities that are inherited from parents are determined by DNA. The alleles inherited from the parents influence the characteristics. Mitosis guarantees that the exact genetic material is passed on to the progeny in the form of alleles. This explains why parental characteristics are passed on.
The genetic makeup of the gametes generated, however, varies as a result of the recombination of genetic material during meiosis. The observed genetic variance in the children is explained by this.
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The two-neuron chain allows increased communication and control of the effector organ.
a. True
b. False
The statement that the two-neuron chain allows increased communication and control of the effector organ is true.
Two neurons and a synapse within an autonomic ganglion are part of the visceral efferent (VE) pathways that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are located in the brainstem or spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). Increased communication and control over the effector organ are made possible by the two-neuron chain. Preganglionic neurons' cell bodies are found in the sympathetic division. Simple reactions in a two-neuron arc are quick, fleeting, instinctive, and only affect a portion of the body. The contraction of a muscle in reaction to stretching, the blinking of the eye when the cornea is touched, and salivation at the sight of food are examples of simple reflexes.
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Wildflowers are plants that grow on the forest floor. During a study, a scientist observed that wildflowers began to bloom before the leaves appeared on the tall trees above them and stopped blooming once the trees were full of broad leaves which blocked the sunlight.
Evaluate this observation and explain a limiting factor this is affecting the wildflowers on the forest floor
The limiting factor that is affecting the wildflowers on the forest floor is the sunlight.
Why the sun is been regarded as the limiting factor ?The sun is been regarded as the limiting factor because the wildflowers bloomed even prior to the appearance of the leaves on tall trees as aresult of their access to sunlight, however when the trees become tall, the height of the tall trees blocked the sunlight with their leaves, which will prevent the wildflowers from bloom.
It should be noted that the limiting factor can be described as anything that constrains a population's size as well as slows or stops it from growing insdtance of the limiting factors can be the biotic, such as food, mates, and competition with other organisms for survival.
In conclusion the limiting factor which was affecting the wildflowers on the forest floor can be regarded as the sunlight.
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Consider the equilibrium system below.
Upper N upper H subscript 4 upper H upper S (s) double-headed arrow upper N upper H subscript 4 upper C l (g).
If the system is at dynamic equilibrium, which statement is true?
Sublimation of the NH4CI crystals stops.
Solidification of the NH4CI vapors stops.
The rate of sublimation of the NH4CI crystals is equal to the rate of solidification of the NH4CI vapors.
The rate of sublimation of the NH4CI crystals is higher than the rate of solidification of the NH4CI vapors.
Option C is the correct answer. The rate of sublimation of the NH₄CI crystals is equal to the rate of solidification of the NH₄CI vapors.
The left side of the equation shows solid NH₄CI. The right side shows gas NH₄CI. Thus, the equation represents the equilibrium of compound NH₄CI.
How rate of sublimation is equal to rate of solidification?Sublimation is the change of a substance directly from the solid state to the gas state without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
Solidification is a process in which atoms are converted into an ordered solid state from a liquid disordered state.
Dynamic Equilibrium is defined as the state in a given system in which the reversible reaction takes place. Here the reactants stop converting into products but movement of particles keeps taking place.
In equation given in question,
NH4Cl (s) = NH4Cl (g)
The left side of the equation shows solid NH₄CI. The right side shows gas NH₄CI.
Thus, the equation represents the equilibrium of compound NH₄CI.
The change from solid state to gas state is represented by the forward reaction (from left to the right). It is named sublimation.
The change from vapors to crystals (named deposition) is represented by the reverse reaction (from right to left). It us named solidification.
Thus, the rate of sublimation of the NH₄CI crystals is equal to the rate of solidification of the NH₄CI vapors (option C).
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The hereditary determinant of a trait or a section of dna that codes for a protein is called__________.
The hereditary determinant of a trait or a section of dna that codes for a protein is called Gene.
Which one of the following factors determines whether a trait is inherited?Because they contain the genes that define all of an organism's features, chromosomes are referred to as the "carriers" of heredity.DNA, the genetic substance in charge of transmitting knowledge from.
What is the name of the protein's genetic code?A set of guidelines known as the proteomic code governs how genetic information is translated into the physico-chemical characteristics of amino acids.It controls the interactions between different amino acids during folding and during particular protein-protein interactions.
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describe the construction of a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase and the insertion of the plasmid into a bacterial cell by placing the steps in order.
a. Perform a restriction digestion of the luciferase gene and the plasmid. b. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid using electroporation. c. Ligate together the luciferase gene and the plasmid to generate a recombinant plasmid. d. Use PCR to amplify the gene for luciferase. e. Plate the bacterial cells, and screen for positive transformants.
1. First step 2. Last step
The transformation procedure can be used to insert this plasmid into a bacteria.
Recombinant plasmids are injected into bacteria in what ways? A plasmid vector can be modified by researchers to incorporate DNA snippets or genes, resulting in a recombinant plasmid.The transformation procedure can be used to insert this plasmid into a bacteria.Bacteria can thus be employed as factories to copy vast amounts of DNA fragments since they reproduce quickly.Basic actions include:Cut the plasmid open, then "paste" the gene inside.DNA ligase and restriction enzymes, which cleave DNA, are both necessary for this process (which joins DNA).Put the plasmid inside of bacterium.Plasmid-carrying bacteria should be multiplied and used as "factories" to produce the protein.To learn more about PCR refer
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Both gymnosperms and angiosperms are types of plants that produce seeds to reproduce.
a. True
b. False
True
Gymnosperms cannot develop fruits and their seeds are bare, but angiosperms can form fruits and their seeds are encased in a fruit.
How do the gymnosperms reproduce?
Unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by fully developed ovaries, or fruits, gymnosperms, or any vascular plant, reproduce by the use of an exposed seed, or ovule.
How does angiosperm reproduce?
Angiosperm seeds are found in a flower, as opposed to gymnosperm seeds found in conifers and cycads. Angiosperm ovaries, which are typically found in flowers, are where fertilized angiosperm eggs turn into seeds. Angiosperm flowers have either female or male reproductive organs.
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a student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. the student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells. virus structure. capsid. dna. which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes? a both transport proteins throughout the structures. b both provide energy for activities in the structures. c both protect genetic information for the structures. d both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.
Both capsid and nuclear membrane protect genetic information for the structures.
What are functions of capsid and nuclear membrane?A capsid is the protein "jacket" that forms the body of a virus. The main job of the nuclear membrane is to contain and protect the genetic code of the cell: its DNA.
Moreover, a primary function of the capsid is to protect the viral genome from environmental conditions and ultimately to deliver the genome to the interior of a homologous host cell.
The function of the nuclear membranes is to act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
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Which of these animal taxa has the highest population of species threatened with extinction? a) Birds b) Mammals c) Amphibians
Amphibians have the highest population of species threatened with extinction.
Amphibians are threatened with extinction due to destruction of suitable habitat for amphibians, predation by invasive species, climate change (which changes water levels and temperature), disease and pollution. These organisms require both aquatic and terrestrial environments, and due to rapid climatic changes and global warming, most of them are dying.
The species is progressively losing its favorable environment for survival. In the terrestrial environment, invasion by reptiles has posed a great threat to amphibians, and their number keeps decreasing. Degradation also affects amphibians because it disturbs their natural survival mechanisms.
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A 0.060 kg ball hits the ground with a speed of –32 m/s. The ball is in contact with the ground for 45 milliseconds and the ground exerts a +55 N force on the ball.
What is the magnitude of the velocity after it hits the ground?
9.3 m/s
12 m/s
41 m/s
73 m/s
9.3 m/s.........................
What is an example of the relationship between structure and function?
The exchange of oxygen as well as carbon dioxide inside the lungs, which even the tissues must carry out to meet the body's metabolic needs, is an illustration of the relationship between form and function.
It is only possible to say that an organism is operating correctly when its structure corresponds to the goal it is trying to achieve. Different organelles within cells carry out a specific function to keep the organism functioning. A cell has several types of proteins to carry out other functions.
One of the layers of the original plan in biology is the organism, which includes cells, organs, tissues, departments, and bodily activities. All organisms are arranged in this hierarchy.
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A substance did not change its chemical nature in a reaction. Which most likely describes the reaction?
It was heated.
It was hit with a hammer.
It was placed in a salt solution.
It was frozen.
A substance did not change its chemical nature in a reaction when it was frozen or when it was hit with a hammer. The second and fourth options are correct for the chemical composition.
What are the factors that change its chemical composition?The chemical nature can be changed when the substance is heated up so that the bonds can be broken, but when the object is frozen, only the state of matter changes, not the chemical composition. The chemical composition of the substance changes when it is treated with a salt solution, but when it is hit with a hammer, only the physical structure changes and the substance breaks, but the chemical composition remains unchanged.
Hence, the second and fourth options are correct for the chemical composition.
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How does available energy affect the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels?
Answer:
Students should observe that since the energy available at each trophic level decreases, the populations of animals at higher trophic levels will be smaller than the populations at lower trophic levels. For example, many deer can support relatively few wolves.
Explanation:
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Consider the following chemical reaction in equilibrium.
CH3COOH Double headed arrow. CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq)
What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if MgCl2 is added?
The chemical equilibrium of the system will be unaffected.
The chemical equilibrium of the system will shift to the right to favor the forward reaction.
The chemical equilibrium of the system will shift to the left to favor the reverse reaction.
The chemical equilibrium of the system will be damaged irreversibly.
The addition of magnesium chloride to the solution results in unaffected chemical equilibrium of the system.
What is chemical equilibrium?
Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time, resulting in no apparent change in the system's properties.
According to the given qsn:
[tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] ⇄ [tex]CH3COO^-(aq) + H^+(aq)[/tex]
This reaction is reversible. the products can be converted back to reactant when the products concentration becomes high.
The increase or decrease in the concentration of reactants and products, there is a corresponding shift in chemical equilibrium.
Whereas, on adding MgCl[tex]_2[/tex]
it will dissociate as [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] ⇆ [tex]Mg^+ + Cl^-[/tex]
This will not affect the concentration of reactant or product.
So,
The addition of magnesium chloride to the solution results in unaffected chemical equilibrium of the system. Thus, option A is correct.
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what evidence indicated that orrorin tugenensis was bipedal? group of answer choices short, flat bones of the foot long neck of the femur large foramen magnum on skull wide, flared pelvis
The most significant relic of this species is an upper femur that reveals indications of bone development typical of a biped, indicating that Orrorin tugenensis individuals likely walked upright on two legs while simultaneously climbing trees.
A hypothetical early Hominin species called Orrorin tugenensis was identified in 2000 and is thought to have existed between 6.1 and 5.7 million years ago. How Orrorin is connected to contemporary humans is unknown. Although this remains the most popular theory of human evolution as of 2012, its discovery was used to refute the idea that australopithecines are human forebears. The name of the only classified species, O. tugenensis, comes from the Tugen Hills in Kenya, where the first fossil was discovered in 2000. The name of the genus Orrorin (plural Orroriek) means "original man" in Tugen. Twenty fossils of the species have been discovered as of 2007.
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in animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?
Reproductive cloning involves creating an exact genetic copy of an existing living organism. Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, involves the creation of embryonic stem cells that may be used to treat or cure certain diseases and disorders. Therapeutic cloning does not produce a cloned organism.
The Difference Between Reproductive and Therapeutic CloningReproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning are two distinct techniques used in animals. Reproductive cloning involves creating an exact genetic copy of an existing living organism, while therapeutic cloning involves the creation of embryonic stem cells that may be used to treat or cure certain diseases and disorders.
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True or false? The "blind spot" in vertebrate eyes is a region of the retina that contains no photoreceptors.
True, the blind spot in vertebrate eyes is a region of the retina that contains no photoreceptors.
Blind spot: a narrow area of each eye's visual field where the optic disc is located within the retina. The optic disc lacks photoreceptors, hence there are no image detection mechanisms present here. The blind spot of the right eye is situated to the right of the visual center, whereas the blind spot of the left eye is situated to the left of the visual center. If one keeps both of their eyes open, they won't be able to notice their blind spots because the visual fields of their two eyes will overlap. Since the brain has the ability to "fill in" or disregard the missing area of the image, the blind spot can be challenging to subjectively identify even with one eye closed.
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Frigidia is a colony in Antarctica. The colony is 1,000 square kilometers in size. Currently, 30,000 people live there. Last year, 10,000 children were born and 2,000 people immigrated. 20,000 people died and 5,000 emigrated. It is believed that the island could support up to 50 people per square kilometer.
The current growth rate is ___.
43%
-43%
4.3 %
-4.3%
what is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium? group of answer choices because they form a syncytium, cardiac muscles can contract on their own. because they form a syncytium, muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium. because they form a syncytium, muscle cells cannot summate contraction to produce tetanus, and thus do not fatigue. because they form a syncytium, cardiac muscle cells can pass an action potential by way of internodal bundles contracting both atrial chambers.
Muscle cells can transmit an action potential along a significant portion of the heart wall because they form a syncytium, which causes every muscle fiber in the syncytium to contract.
What functional importance do big heart muscle regions have?Muscle cells can transmit an action potential along a significant portion of the heart wall because they form a syncytium, which causes every muscle fiber in the syncytium to contract.
How are the cells in the heart's muscle arranged?A closer inspection reveals that heart muscle is organized into sheets of cells that are joined to one another in a latticework pattern. An intercalated disc is a specific connection that locks two cells together where they meet.
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reducing duplication of code is one of the advantages of using a loop structure.a. trueb. false
True : One benefit of adopting a loop structure is reducing code duplication.
What makes using the same code across multiple programs simpler?Code that is modularized is simpler to understand and easier to maintain.It lessens the need for repetitious writing by facilitating the simple reuse of techniques or functions inside a program.
Why is it crucial to lessen code repetition?It would be challenging to find and resolve errors if your application has a lot of duplicate code.You could counter that by launching the program, you can quickly determine whether it is functioning or not.This is valid only if the bug reappears in the same location as before.
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I don’t get it…………… please help
Answer: 678000
Explanation: 1 gram is 1000 Kilograms
which condition or laboratory result supports a diagnosis of pyelonephritis? low white blood cell (wbc) count myoglobinuria pyuria ketonuria
Leukocytosis, hematuria, pyuria (the presence of pus in the urine), and bacteriuria are signs of pyelonephritis. The client complains of flank pain, fever, and chills. The WBC count is more
High quantities of white blood cells (leukocytes) or pus in the urine are known as pyuria (pee). Your body produces pus, a viscous, discolored fluid that can be white, yellow, pink, or green to help fight off an infection. White blood cells, decomposed tissue, and bacteria make up the substance. If there are 10 or more white blood cells per cubic millimeter of urine, you have pyuria.
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of the following chromosomal abnormalities, which type is most likely to be viable in humans?
The sort of chromosomal abnormality that has the greatest chance of surviving in humans is known as trisomy.
What is an anomaly of the chromosomes?Both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities are possible. A numerical anomaly indicates that a person either lacks one of a pair's chromosomes or has more then two chromosomes. The structure of the chromosome has been altered during one of numerous ways when there is a structural problem.
What puts you at an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities?One of the potential parents has a chromosomal abnormality, and other risk factors include the woman's advanced age, a personal history of genetic disorders, a previous child who was born with a birth defect or experienced a miscarriage.
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