A decrease in the extracellular K+ concentration leads to hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and can result in muscle weakness that is occasionally severe enough to cause paralysis, which occurs in patients with hypokalemic dRTA.
Conversely, hypokalemia inhibits aldosterone production. Small changes in plasma potassium have a greater effect on aldosterone than on renin secretion. In patients with essential hypertension, diuretic-induced changes in serum potassium concentrations may affect both renin and aldosterone secretion. You also need potassium for a healthy digestive system and bone health. Low potassium can affect these important functions in your body. Over time, low levels of potassium in your body can cause effects such as abnormal heart rhythms, muscle weakness, and even paralysis.
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what are the functions of mesophyte
The function of mesophytes are diverse depends on what kind of mesophytes.
What is the mesophyte ?
Mesophyte is kind of plant which survive at normal area, neither too dry or too wet.
Its functions are ranging from functions as a producer of fruits that can be consumed by humans to grasses in the mountains (the Alps for example) where the grass is useful as a soil binder and the function of absorbing water in moderation.
in conclusion, the function of mesophyte such as crops which its fruit or harvest can be consumed by human, even the grass as a soil binder and absorbing water.
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Which molecule is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
NADPH
carbon dioxide
Water
Oxygen
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
During the light dependent stage of Photosynthesis, water that was absorbed and transported to leaves are split apart by heat energy which was converted from the light energy from the sun that got trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast.
when the water(H2O) is split apart, oxygen is given off as a by-product while the Hydrogen is later used in the light independent where it combines with CO2 from to atmosphere to make glucose.
light dependent equation:
2H2O(l) + (light energy) --> 2H2(g) + O2(g)
water --> Hydrogen + oxygen
What is the primary goal of cellular respiration in eukaryotes?
Answer:
Cellular respiration
Explanation:
Cellular respiration in eukaryotes occurs primarily in the mitochondria. Eukaryotic cells depend on cellular respiration to survive. During glycolysis, the cell breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm with or without oxygen present.
What are the side effects of anabolic steroid use?
(Select all that apply.)
Responses
prostate enlargement for men,
severe acne for men ,
muscle loss for men and women ,
low blood pressure for men and women ,
deeper voice for women
Taxes that are paid by individuals on all money earned, including investments, are
.
Taxes that are paid by homeowners to state and local governments are
.
Taxes that businesses are required to pay on their earnings throughout the course of a year are
.
1.progressive.
2income
3corporate
1.property
2.regressive
3.corporate
1. direct
2. proportional
3. corporate
Taxes that are paid by individuals on all money earned, including investments, are income tax, option 2.
Taxes that are paid by homeowners to state and local governments are regressive tax, option 2.
Taxes that businesses are required to pay on their earnings throughout the course of a year are corporate tax, option 3.
Why are taxes paid?Taxes are compulsory offerings levied on individuals by a government either locally, regionally or on a national level. Income taxes for example are a means that allow the government to generate revenues.
There are various forms of taxes including, progressive, corporate levied on businesses, regressive for home owners, income tax for individual earners, property tax, direct tax, etc.
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Dna replication begins at a site called the origin of replication, forming a bubble, which is followed by a __________, where parental strands are unwound by __________.
DNA replication begins at a site called the origin of replication, forming a bubble, which is followed by a replication fork, where parental strands are unwound by helicase.
Initially, replication Forms a fork. The double-stranded molecule of DNA needs to be "unzipped" into two single strands before it can be copied.
Primer binding is step 2. The easiest part of replication is the leading strand.
Step 3 is elongation.
Step 4 is The final step.
As it moves along the DNA, a DNA helicase unwinds and separates double-stranded DNA. By severing hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotide pairs, it creates the replication fork.
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Recessive lethal alleles tend to be more common than dominant lethal alleles in part because.
Dominant lethal alleles are those that only need to be present in one copy in an organism to be fatal. These alleles are uncommon in populations because they usually kill an organism before it can pass on its lethal allele to its offspring.
Lethal alleles (also known as lethal genes or lethals) are alleles that cause the organism that carries them to die. They are typically caused by mutations in genes that are required for growth or development. Huntington's disease, a neurological disorder that reduces life expectancy, is one example of a disease caused by a dominant lethal allele.
Because Huntington's disease develops slowly, people who carry the allele can pass it on to their children. If both recessive alleles of this gene are present in the same person, it results in death. Because a certain level of protein output is maintained, recessive lethal alleles do not cause death in the heterozygous form.
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Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. this is an example of a?
a. sporadic disease
b. latent infection
c. None of the answers are correct
d. communicable disease
e. nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. this is an example of a nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infections is referred as healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and hospital-acquired infections because this is the infections that people acquire while receiving healthcare
The infection can occur when a pathogen spreads to a susceptible host.
Types of nosocomial infections include:
1.ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
2.central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
3.surgical site infections (SSI)
4.fungal etc.
Prevention of nosocomial infection-
1. Frequent hand hygiene
2. Usage of personal protective equipment
3. Proper sterile techniques during insertion and maintenance of devices.
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Make an inventory. Think about all the chemicals in your house and all the electronic devices you own. Make a list of everything that will need to be disposed of as hazardous waste. Find out how you would dispose of these things properly in your area.
The common household items which can be categorized as hazardous waste are:-
BatteriesOil based paintsMercury thermometerPesticidesToilet cleanersComputersTelevisionsNail polish removerFluorescent light bulbsThe points that need to be considered while disposing these items are as follows:-
Directions for use and storage described on the label of the product should be read carefully, and the instructions regarding its disposal should be followed accordingly.Segregate hazardous waste from regular household waste and dispose of it separately in an environment-friendly manner. Items that are regarded as hazardous should be recycled as much as possible e.g. batteries.Do not flush hazardous waste down the drain as they contain harmful chemicals.To learn more about Pesticides here
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Where do the electrons in the electron transport chain come from?
Responses
NAD+ and FAD
N A D superscript plus, and , F A D
ATP
uppercase A T P
NADH and FADH2
uppercase N A D H, and , F A D H subscript 2
glucose and pyruvate
According to the research, the correct option is NADH and FADH2. The electrons in the electron transport chain come from NADH and FADH2.
What is the electron transport chain?It is the series of oxidation-reduction reactions that releases ATP in prokaryotes attached to the plasma membrane and in eukaryotes it is found in the inner membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
In this sense, this process is capable of using the reducing power of NADH or FADH2 with a high energy level to transfer protons to the interior of the thylakoid or mitochondria membrane.
Therefore, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 along the electron transport chain, while energy is released in the form of ATP.
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Refer to the diagram below.
Which type of biomolecule is it?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Proteins
What are the potential impacts of coal mining on the environment? Include the subject of fossil fuels
Coal mining has the following impacts on the environment:
- Landscape alteration: due to the deforestation conducted to clear the mining areas, which destroys forests and natural wildlife habitats. The destruction of the forests also promotes soil erosion, flooding and stirs up dust pollution which can cause respiratory problems to the populations nearby the mining area. Mountains are also "removed" during the mining process.
- Release of methane (CH₄), which is a greenhouse effect gas, and carbon monoxide (CO) which is a toxic gas that may affect the people and animals in the area.
- Water pollution: Sulfuric acid is formed when coal is exposed to the air and water, this acid washes down heavy metals, such as copper, lead, or mercury, which acidifies and pollutes the local streams and water supplies.
Coal is considered a fossil fuel because it was formed out of the remains of forests that grew on swamp areas during the Carboniferous era (350 million years ago). Successive layers of plants were later covered by dirt and water, which stopped their decaying process. With the eras, the weight of the layers above them, and the heat produced a series of chemical and physical changes that allowed the plant remains to become coal.
Which component of the cardiac conduction system receives action potentials from the sinoatrial node?.
The sinoatrial node receives action potentials from the Atrioventricular (AV) node.
The sinoatrial node (SA node) is the normal pacemaker for the heart. The SA node is located in the upper right atrium and close to the superior vena cava. Pacemaker sources other than the SA Node can be said to be abnormal pacemakers or one of the characteristics of cardiac arrhythmias/dysrhythmias on the EKG image. To carry out its function as a normal pacemaker for the heart, the SA Node is influenced by the autonomic nervous system, namely sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. There is an increase in the work of the SA Node (increased heart rate) and conversely, the presence of parasympathetic activity will decrease the work of the SA Node (decreased heart rate)
The AV Node is the second source of pacemakers after the SA Node. The size of the AV node is smaller than the SA node, located in the lower right atrium, to be precise, close to the tricuspid valve and also close to the coronary sinus ostium.
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What causes the differentiation of blood stem cells into new cells with different shapes and functions?.
Transcription factors are the main method by which genes are activated or deactivated.
What controls how stem cells differentiate?Stem cells often have the ability to develop into a wide variety of cell types. It appears that transcription factors, which are proteins that control which genes are transcribed in a cell, are crucial in defining the course that specific stem cells take when they differentiate.
A cell only has to alter the genes (and consequently the proteins they will produce) that will be expressed, not the ones that will remain silent, in order for it to differentiate into its specific form and function. Transcription factors are the main method by which genes are activated or deactivated.
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which type of photoreceptor cells demonstrate extensive neural convergence resulting in spatial summation, useful for low light vision?
Rods are the type of photoreceptor cells demonstrate extensive neural convergence resulting in spatial summation, useful for low light vision.
Although they lack the spatial resolution and colour function of the cones, rods are specialised photoreceptors that perform well in low light. They contribute to our ability to see in low-light conditions and to detect movement outside of our visual field.
Rods and cones are the two categories of photoreceptors found in the human retina. When it comes to seeing in low light, rods are in command (scotopic vision). They do not mediate colour vision and have poor spatial acuity. Cones are in charge of colour vision, sharp spatial acuity, and activity in brighter environments.
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Animals called sponges reproduce by budding. The sponge in this photo formed
buds on the outside of its body.
Which statement describes the process of budding?
Answer: 3. New individuals develop from pieces that break off an individual. (Fragmentation)
Explanation:
Sponges reproduce sexually as well as asexually. Fragmentation, in which a piece of the sponge breaks off, settles on a new substrate, and develops into a new individual, or budding is the two most common methods of asexual reproduction (a genetically identical outgrowth grows from the parent and eventually detaches or remains attached to form a colony). Only freshwater sponges engage in an unusual form of asexual reproduction that results in the development of gemmules. Gemmules are structures made by adult sponges that are resistant to the environment (e.g., in the freshwater sponge Spongilla). In gemmules, a pneumatic cellular layer that may be fortified with spicules surrounds an inner layer of archeocytes (amoebocytes).
The rock cycle is affected by the biosphere in addition to geological processes. Hypothesize about the role in the rock cycle of the formation of calcium carbonate shells in ocean animals, and plant growth on land.
The rock cycle plays an important role in the process of calcium carbonate formation is that it is built by plankton and corals. Therefore, it is true that the rock cycle is influenced by the biosphere processes as well as the geological processes.
What is the significance of the rock cycle?A rock cycle can be described as the process that leads to the formation of minerals and chemical elements because of the occurrence of natural processes near the oceans and water bodies.
Substances like calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) are one of the influential formations in the rock cycle. The formation of calcium carbonate is highly contributed by the plants and animals to form the plankton as well as the corals on reefs.
Therefore, the significance of the rock cycle has been aforementioned.
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rabbits produce two types of droppings: fecal pellets, which are waste products of digestion, and cecotropes, which they re-ingest. ruminants do not re-ingest any droppings. why is re-ingestion required in rabbits but not in ruminants?
Rabbits are hindgut fermenters; therefore, nutrients are lost if the product boiled in the coecum is not eaten. Ruminants are foregut fermenters, and the products of their digestion are absorbed in the small intestine.
Hindgut fermentation is a digestive process that can be observed in monogastric herbivores, animals with a stomach consisting of only one chamber. Cellulose is digested with the help of symbiotic bacteria. Microbial fermentation occurs in the digestive organs after the small intestine: the large intestine and the appendix. Examples of animals that are stuck behind their intestines are elephants and odd-hoofed animals such as horses and rhinos, and small animals such as rats, rabbits, and koalas.
Foregut fermenters are a complaint to the foregut, namely the digestive system found in animals with a stomach consisting of four chambers, as well as in sloths, and ruminants.
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When farm animals become used to sounds and movement such as cars moving near them, they have stopped reacting to stimuli. This is an example ofQuestion options:territory.instincts.fight or flight.habituation.
The way animals learned to stop responding to certain stimuli is called habituation, it is a form of non-assosiative learning, due to the stimuli do not lead to later actions like punishment or reward.
1) Which of the following is a piece of biochemical evidence for all for all species that supports the theory of evolution from a common ancestor?a) aerobic respirationb) storage of DNA in the nucleic) production of the same types of proteinsd) use of the same genetic code
One biochemical evidence that supports the theory of evolution that says that we all come from a common ancestor is the fact that all organisms use the same genetic code for the translation of proteins, for example, the codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine in all organisms.
This means D would be the right answer.
Explain why pouring salt on a slug kills it, using these terms: diffusion ,osmosis, concentration gradient, hypertonic, hypotonic. (I need answers pls)
Pouring salt on a slug kills it because of the osmosis effect.
Osmosis is the phenomenon where water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane from the region of its high concentration gradient to the region of low concentration gradient.
Salt is a chemical substance produced due to the reaction of an acid with a base. Before putting salt on the slug the condition is hypotonic i.e. less solute and more solvent. However, when salt is poured over the slug, the situation becomes hypertonic with more concentration of solute and hence that is why the slug is killed due to dehydration.
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Explain why you know that diuron caused the coral to bleach.
I know that Diuron caused the coral to bleach because the coral expelled the algae that are living in their tissues.
What is Diuron?This is referred to as a herbicide which is made up of substituted urea and it is used for the control of crop and noncrop areas. Its mechanism of function is that it is able to inhibit photosynthesis which prevents plant growth.
In a situation where corals bleach, they turn white which is as a result of them expelling algae in their tissues due to different types of stressful conditions. An exposure to chemicals or a high pH may result in this condition also.
In this scenario we were told that the coral bleached however diuron inhibits photosynthesis which could have caused the expulsion of the algae which is why it was chosen.
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DNA Structure and Replication WARM UP
Which compound is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?
O ribose
O adenine
O thymine
O deoxyribose
Answer:
Ribose
Explanation:
DNA consists of a ribose molecule whilst RNA consists of a deoxyribose molecule.
which noninvasive procedure uses shock waves to break up stones in the biliary ducts? question 48 options: lithectomy cholelithectomy lithotomy extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy choledocholithotomy
Stones in the bile ducts are broken up using shock waves during an extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
What is the process for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a treatment to remove stones from the bile ducts, pancreatic duct, or urinary system using a succession of shock waves produced by a lithotripter. An X-ray is used to target the shock waves as they enter the body.
What is the price of ESWT treatment?Depending on the region treated, a shockwave therapy might cost between $200 and $500. When you visit the doctor's office to get diagnosed and find out if Shockwave is suited for you, you'll have to pay an usual doctor visit fee, which is a separate expense if your insurance doesn't cover the cost.
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*VOCABULARY*
Which of the following is not related to metallic bond?
A. Alloy
B. Shared electrons
C. Transferred electrons
D. Sea of electrons
Shared electrons is not related to metallic bond.
Positively charged metal ions and the electrons that surround them are attracted to one another, creating metallic bonds. Covalent and ionic bond electrons are shared, but metallic bond electrons are delocalized.
What about metallic bond?Atoms in a metallic substance are held together by a force called the metallic bond. Atoms in such a solid are packed closely together.The attraction between positively charged metal nuclei and their delocalized valence electrons causes metallic bonding, a type of chemical bonding between two or more metal atoms.Metallic bonding is particularly prevalent in minerals involving transition metals. In most cases, the outermost electron shell of each of the metal atoms overlaps with a significant number of neighboring atoms. Minerals with metallic bonding include gold, silver, and copper. Metallically bound compounds are efficient heat and electricity conductors because valence electrons can travel freely throughout the structure. Strength, malleability, ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity, opacity, and brilliance are a few qualities of metallic bonding. These features serve as important findings to define metallic bonding. Electrostatic attraction between metal captions and delocalized electrons produces metallic bonds. Many of the physical characteristics of metals, like conductivity and malleability, are explained by the type of metallic bonding that exists.Learn more about metallic bonds here:
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GIVING POINTS PLEASE HELP DUE IN 20 MINUTES
Answer:
1. Chloroplasts and cell wall
2. Plant cells are square or rectangular, while animal cells are round.
3. Absorbs sunlight to carry out photosynthesis
4. To store water
Answer:
1. Cell wall and chloroplasts
2. Plant cell have cell wall around cell membrane which determines shape of plant cell and In animal cells cell membrane is outermost structure which is semi fluid and elastic, can help to cell in changing shape
3. produce energy through photosynthesis
4. functions to hold various solutions or materials.
Explanation:
g in glycolysis, mutase catalyzes a more or less energetically neutral reaction that results in the transfer of a functional group from one position to another.
The interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate, one of the final stages in the glycolytic process, is catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM).
This glycolysis process, which produces a phosphoryl molecule with "high energy," provides necessary setup for the next, essentially glycolytic energetically neutral reaction. phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the transformation of 3PG into 2PG. Enzymes that catalyze chemical rearrangements, glycolysis particularly those involving the transfer of phosphoglycerate mutase from one hydroxyl group to another in the same molecule
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1st. Drop down menu A.DNAB.RNAC.amino acids 2nd drop down menu A.mitochondria B. Nucleus C. RibosomeD. Cytoplasm 3rd drop down menu A. TranslationB. Transcription4th drop down menu A. NucleusB. Cytoplasm5th drop down menu A. TranslationB. Transcription6th drop down menu A. NucleusB. Cytoplasm7th drop down menu A.nucleotides B.amino acids C.proteins 8th drop down menu A.DNA replication B.photosynthesis C. Protein synthesis
According to the information provided by the question we have:
The structure labeled W represents the double stranded DNA that is found in the Nucleus of the animal cell. The arow labeled X represents the process of Transcription where DNA is decoded into a single strand of mRNA in the Nucleus.
The arrow labeled Y represents the process of Translation where the tRNA molecules bring which occurs in the Cytoplasm of the cell. The structure labeled Z represent Amino acids that are being brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules and will ultimately make up the protein. This entire process is referred to as Protein Syntheis.
The molecules that are labeled as W, X, Y and Z are, respectively: the DNA molecule, transcription, translation and amino acids.
what process are you performing to get the newly ligated promoter and plasmids from the gga reaction into e. coli cells? explain.
We used transformation to obtain the freshly ligated promoter and plasmids.
What causes the DNA in E. coli cells to change?One of the fundamental methods in molecular biology is the heat shock method, which transforms plasmid DNA into E. coli. A foreign plasmid or ligation product is inserted into bacteria in this method.
What procedures are employed in E. coli transformation?Bacterial cells can be transformed primarily by heat shock or electroporation. The bacterial cells in both situations must be made competent or permeable to the plasmids you want the cell to spread.
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1. What do enzymes do for our body?
2. How do enzymes work?
3. How are enzymes similar to puzzle pieces?
Enzymes are the biological catalysts. They are made up of proteins that have the catalytic activity. It is the result of enzymes that each reaction is accomplished within seconds inside the living organisms, which otherwise would have taken even days to finish up.
Substrate is the starting product in any chemical reaction. The enzymes acts upon the substrate, causes some changes in it and therefore forms the product.
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