The steps needed to prepare phenylacetylene C₆H₅C≡CH from C₆H₅CH₂CHBr₂ is as follows:
C₆H₅CH₂CHBr₂ + 2Na⁺ + ⁻NH₂ → C₆H₅C≡CH + 2HBr
The process involves two steps. Firstly, the alkyl halide is converted into alkynes with the help of a base (NaNH₂) which proceeds via an elimination reaction. The alkyne molecule is synthesized from the vicinal dihalides by two E₂ elimination reactions consecutively along with two equivalents of hydrogen halide.
In the second step synthesis of specified chemicals take place.
Phenylacetylene (C₆H₅C≡CH), is an alkyne hydrocarbon which has a colorless and thick appearance. It is more convenient for use in reactions than acetylene gas.
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1. how many atoms does each element have: remember: if there is no little number (subscript) after the symbol, it has a 1 value. he nacl n2o c6h12o6 ar h2o ccl4 caco3 h2 co2 cabr2 naoh o2 nh3 c2h4 mgcl2
A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are smaller pieces of matter. An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons orbiting around it.
There may be positively charged, relatively abundant protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus. Each of the elements listed below has atoms that have
Nacl has 2 atoms one sodium and 1 chloride atom
N2O has 3 atoms containing 2 nitrogen and 1 oxygen
C6H12O6 has 24 atoms , H20 has 3 atoms, CCl4 has 5 atoms, CaCO3 has 4 atoms, H2 has 2 atoms, CO2 has 3 atoms, CaBr2 has 3 atoms, NaOh has 2 atoms, O2 has 2 atoms , NH3 has 4 atoms, C2H4 has atoms and MgCl2 has 3 atoms.
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Arrange the colors of the visible spectrum in order from highest to lowest energy !
The colors of the visible spectrum are in order from the highest to lowest energy which is : Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange and Red.
Red light has the lowest energy since it has the longest visible light wavelength. The highest energy visible light is violet since it has the shortest wavelength. The visible light spectrum has energies ranging from red to violet, and the human brain perceives these energy as different hues. Violet has the highest energy whereas red has the lowest. Red light, which has the lowest visible light frequency, has the least energy. The order spectrum reveals frequency content, just like the power spectrum does.
However, the order spectrum offers extra information about harmonically connected rotating machinery systems. Orders are frequency multiples of the reference velocity that are specific.
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You are using a microscope with a 10x eyepiece. What is the approximate focal length of an objective lens which will give a total magnification of 200x? assume a tube length of 160 mm.
The approximate focal length of an objective lens is 8.42 mm.
The magnification of eye piece (m1)=10
Total magnification (m)=200
using,
m=m1*m2
200=10*m2
m2=20
Thus, magnification of objective lens=20
Using the formula for magnification of objective lens,
m2=1+L/f
20=1+0.16/f
f=0.16/19
=0.00842 m
8.42 mm
Therefore, the focal length is 8.42 mm.
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what mass of hydrogen is present in a 200.0 mg sample of water? (hint: calculate percent composition first.)
Mass of hydrogen present in a 200.0 mg sample of water is 22.2g.
The molar weight of water is 18.015 g/mol, and hydrogen has a weight of 1 g/mol.
So mass of hydrogen= (2/18.015)(200)=22.2 grams.
What is hydrogen?
Hydrogen is the first chemical element which is denoted by H. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At trendy conditions hydrogen is a fuel of diatomic molecules having the components H2. it's miles colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and enormously flammable.Hydrogen is the maximum ample chemical substance within the universe, constituting kind of 75% of all ordinary dependants.Stars inclusive of the sun are specially composed of hydrogen within the plasma country. most of the hydrogen on this planet exists in molecular bureaucracy including water and organic compounds.To know more about hydrogen, click the link given below:
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why did the big bang not produce a significant proportion of elements heavier than helium?
Only so long as it didn't get too cold for heavier elements to form could helium survive.
What prevented the Big Bang from producing more heavy elements?Big Bang nucleosynthesis produced incredibly few stable nuclei of elements heavier than lithium because of a bottleneck brought on by the absence of a stable nucleus with 8 or 5 nucleons. Additionally, this lack of larger atoms limited the quantity of lithium-7 that could be produced during BBN.
Why didn't more massive atoms than helium form in the first few seconds of creation?The early cosmos was too hot before a few minutes into the expansion for atoms to form. Only a few minutes remained before it became too cold to continue nucleosynthesis and prevent the formation of new elements.
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What is a homogeneous mixture in which a substance is dissolved in a liquid?
A homogeneous mixture in which a substance is dissolved in a liquid is a solution.
A homogeneous mixture is the that has the same proportion of the components through out the mixture. a homogeneous mixture has the uniform composition through out the mixture. The liquid is called as the solvent which dissolves the other substances is called as the solute. there are some examples of homogeneous mixtures are :
Air sugar waterrain watersalt watervinegarin the homogeneous mixture we can not distinguish the the components of the mixture. so, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which a substance is dissolved in a liquid.
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The effective multiplication factor of a reactor is 0. 94. (a) what is the reactivity of the reactor? (b) what change in core reactivity would be required to make the reactor critical?
The effective multiplication factor k=0.94.
What is reactivity ?
Being responsive as a trait or state. Chemistry. the resemblance of an atom's, molecule's, or radical's ability to interact chemically with another atom, molecule, or substance.
What is reactor?
Reactor: A vessel or equipment used in chemical engineering to conduct chemical reactions for research or production.
(a) The effective multiplication factor k=0.94
The reactivity \rho = \frac{k-1}{k}=-0.0638.
(b) For the reactor to be critical, k = 1, which means the core reactivity should be increased to make it critical.
Therefore, the effective multiplication factor k=0.94.
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gold decomposing into powder exothermic or endothermic?
Answer:
endothermic
Explanation:Yes all decomposition reactions are endothermic. Decomposition reactions involve breaking of bonds which require energy. Due to this decomposition reactions are generally endothermic in nature.
a 25.00 ml volume of hbr solution is titrated with 0.250 m koh. the initial volume of koh in the buret is 1.25 ml and the final volume is 28.35 ml. determine the concentration of the hbr solution. a. 0.221 m hbr b. 0.250 m hbr c. 0.271 m hbr d. 0.345 m hbr e. 4.33 m hbr
Titration of a 25.00 ml amount of hbr solution with 0.250 m koh is performed. The buret holds 1.25 ml of koh at the beginning, and 28.35 ml at the end. The hbr solution has a concentration of 0.345 m hbr.
An unknown acid/base analyte solution's molar concentration (or "molarity") has to be ascertained using an acid-base titration. An accurate base/acid titrant addition from a burette is used to achieve this. Strong base KOH reacts with strong acid HBr in a 1:1 molar ratio in this acid-base titration reaction: KOH+HBrH2O+KBr
The analyte will finally be completely consumed if the titrant is kept adding. Beyond that, every additional addition will result in an excess of titrant.
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Given that S is the central atom in OSF4, draw the LewisStructure in which the formal charges of all atoms are zero.Include any lone pair electrons.
In a schematic illustration of a compound called a Lewis structure, the atoms and their associated electrons are shown.
Which Lewis structure for SOF4 has the most lone pairs overall?As a result, each fluorine and oxygen atom contains three lone electron pairs and six non-bonding electrons.
What part of OSF4's structure does the oxygen atom most likely occupy?The equatorial plane The two F atoms would occupy the axial places in accordance with Bent's Rule, and the other two F atoms, along with the oxygen atom, would occupy the equatorial positions. This would result in a triangular bipyramidal structure.
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What is the frequency of an x-ray wave with an energy of 2×10 to the power of -17 jewels in hertz
The frequency of an x-ray wave with an energy of 2×10^(-17) J in hertz is 3.01 × 10^(16) hz.
We can find the value of frequency of an x ray wave by using the relation between energy and frequency.
As we know that,
Energy is directly proportional to the frequency of the wave.
Mathematically,
E = h. f
Where,
E is the energy in joule
f is the frequency of the wave in hertz
h is the planck's constant
Given,
E = 2 × 10^(-17)J
h = 6.63 × 10^(-34) kg.m2/s
By substituting all the values, we get
2 × 10^(-17)J = 6.63 × 10^(-34) kg.m2/s × f
f = 2 × 10^(-17)J / 6.63 × 10^(-34) kg.m2/s
f = 3.01 × 10^(16) hz.
Thus, we concluded that the frequency of an x-ray wave with an energy of 2×10^(-17) J in hertz is 3.01 × 10^(16) hz.
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The united states mint uses electrolysis to copper plate zinc pennies by placing them in a cu2+ solution and connecting the pennies and a copper electrode to a battery. Enter the half-reaction that takes place when the pennies are plated with solid copper. Include phases.
Cathode reaction: [tex]Cu^{2+} + (aq) + 2e-- > Cu (s).\\[/tex]
Anode reaction: [tex]Cu(s) -- > Cu^{2}+ (aq) + 2e[/tex] is
What is half-reaction?
A redox reaction's oxidation or reduction reaction component is known as a half reaction (or half-cell reaction). By taking into account the change in oxidation states of specific chemicals participating in the redox reaction, a half reaction is produced.
Here Zn pennies act as cathode , reduction of [tex]Cu^{2+}[/tex] to Cu take place here.
Cu rod acts as anode,here dissolution of Cu (s) to [tex]Cu^{2+}[/tex] take place .
Half cell reactions
Cathode reaction: [tex]Cu^{2+} + (aq) + 2e-- > Cu (s).\\[/tex]
Anode reaction: [tex]Cu(s) -- > Cu^{2}+ (aq) + 2e[/tex]
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True or false? you can follow the progress of a reaction that produces a gas using a sensitive mass balance, because the mass of the reaction vessel increases as the gas is produced. False true.
“We can follow the progress of a reaction that produces a gas using a sensitive mass balance because the mass of the reaction vessel increases as the gas is produced.” This statement is: False.
What happens to the masses of compounds after a reaction occurs?According to the law of conservation of matter, energy and mass is neither created nor destroyed when a reaction occurs. Hence, the total mass of the products always equals the total mass of the reactants. Even if the product is in the gas state, the total mass of the product is always the same as the initial mass of the reactant. So, the statement above is false.
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What is bond answer in one sentence?
A chemical bond can be interaction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules and crystals.
A chemical bond can be formed by exchange of electrons, sharing of electrons.
When an atom lose or gain the electron to attain the stability it forms ions and the attractive forces between two oppositely charged ions is known as ionic attractions or electrometric attractive forces.
and such formed bonds are known as ionic bonds.
An ionic bond is formed when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is high as an electron transfer to occur to form the ions.
A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
A covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.
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Does P and Cl form an ionic bond?
Which is accepted to react most readily with bromine?
It is expected that bromine will react with the Option (D) Propene
CH₃−CH=CH₂ easily.
This is the electrophilic substitution reaction . Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes or alkynes. Additionally, substituted alkenes that release electrons will be more reactive than unsubstituted alkenes.
Alkenes > Alkynes > Alkanes
The choice (A) CH₃−CH₂−CH₃ an alkane will have the lowest level of reactivity to bromine. (C) CH≡CH is an alkyne and will be more reactive than the alkane but less reactive than the alkenes.
Both (B) CH₂=CH₂ and (D) CH₃−CH=CH₂ are alkenes. The electron density on both carbons will be equivalent upon bond breaking in the ethylene molecule (CH₂=CH₂).
In contrast to the ethylene molecule, the substituted carbon atom in the propene molecule (CH₃−CH=CH₂) will have a higher electron density upon bond breaking and a higher reactivity toward the bromine atom.
Therefore, bromine will react more readily with the compound CH₃−CH=CH₂.
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Select all the statements that correctly describe the arrangement of individual particles in the three physical states of matter. Relate these particulate views to the observable properties of matter.
Gases occupy the entire volume of the container.
The particles in a solid move quite freely.
The particles in a solid occupy fixed positions.
Liquids take the shape of the container.
Liquids have the same fixed arrangement of particles as observed in solids.
The particles in a gas move quite freely.
The correct statements are statement 1 (Gases occupy the entire volume of the container), statement 3 (The particles in a solid occupy fixed positions), statement 4 (Liquids take the shape of a container), and statement 6 (The particles in a gas move quite freely).
The term "matter" refers to anything that occupies space and has mass. There are three different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solids have distinct volumes and shapes. They are not compressible and are densely populated. The particles of a solid are attracted to one another with a powerful force. The distance between solids' particles is minuscule. The particles in a solid are in a fixed location.
A liquid cannot be compressed because it has a fixed volume. They don't have a fixed shape; instead, they take on the shape of the vessel they are placed in.
Gases are compressible. To fill their vessels, gases enlarge. They take up a lot more space than the liquids or solids they originate from.
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a solute is dissolved in a liquid. how does the osmotic pressure of the solution compare to the osmotic pressure of the pure liquid?
the osmotic pressure of solution is greater than the pure solvent.
As more solute dissolves in the solvent, the concentration of the solution continues to increase. As the concentration of the solution increases, the osmotic pressure of the solution increases. Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution is greater than that of the pure solvent. Since the concentration of solutes in
solution is higher than that of pure water, water from pure water tends to diffuse or penetrate into the solution. Therefore, the pressure required to prevent water from entering the solution, the osmotic pressure of the H. solution, is always higher than that of pure water or solvent.
The osmotic pressure of a liquid is determined by the number of solute particles present in the solution. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to dissolved particles in a liquid. H. The higher the osmotic pressure, the higher the number of dissolved particles.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP:Two objects are placed a certain distance from each other. The amount of gravitational force between the two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. As the masses of the objects decrease, the force of gravity between them _____________. As the distance between the objects decreases, the force of gravity between them ______________.
Answer: 1st blank= decreases 2nd blank= increases
Explanation:
The force of gravity depends directly upon the masses of the two objects, and inversely on the square of the distance between them. This means that the force of gravity increases with mass, but decreases with increasing distance between objects.
The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by
Controlling the flow of electrolytes between fluid compartments regulates the mobility of water. Osmosis is the process through which water moves between fluid compartments.
What controls the flow of fluid between compartments?A hydrostatic force, smooth Transitions between Compartments The force that a fluid applies against a wall—hydrostatic pressure—is what moves fluid between compartments. The pressure that blood applies to the blood vessel walls as a result of the heart's pumping motion is known as the hydrostatic pressure of blood.
What variables control the transport of electrolytes and water?Regulation of electrolytes and fluids. To avoid fluid volume excesses or deficits and maintain healthy blood pressure, the body must carefully control intravascular fluid buildup and excretion. Thirst, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), and ADH are some of the systems that control water balance.
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a gaseous mixture of o2 and n2 contains 35.8 % nitrogen by mass. what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture if the total pressure is 705 mmhg ? express your answer numerically in millimeters of mercury.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture if the total pressure is 705 mmHg is 427.935 mmHg
mO2 =100g - 35.8% = 64.2 g
We shall use the molar masses of both masses to convert them to moles.
N2 = 35.8*1mol/28.00=1.29mol
O2=64.2, *1 mol/32.00, or 2 mol.
O2's mole fraction is:
O2 = nO2 + nN2 + nO2 = 2/ 1.29 + 2 = 0.607
We can use the following expression to determine the partial pressure of oxygen given the total pressure (P) is 705 mmHg.
pO2= P* O2
= 705 * 0.607
=427.935
a gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen with a mass percentage of 35.8% nitrogen and a total pressure of 705 mmHg.
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The specific location where a substrate fits/connects to an enzyme is called the?
The term "active site" refers to the precise region where a substrate attaches or fits to an enzyme.
Enzymes help accelerate some chemical reactions in living organisms without altering the chemical reactions themselves. Every biological activity in living things is based on chemical reactions, and the bulk of these processes are controlled by enzymes. Many of these processes wouldn't occur at a perceptible rate without enzymes. Each stage of cellular metabolism is catalysed by enzymes. For instance, during food digestion, big nutrition molecules (such as proteins, carbs, and fats) are broken down; chemical energy is converted and stored; and cellular macromolecules are synthesised from smaller building blocks. Numerous genetic human diseases, such as albinism and phenylketonuria, are influenced by the absence of a specific enzyme.
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be sure to answer all parts. (a) calculate the ph of the 0.39 m nh3/ 0.73 m nh4cl buffer system. ph
NH4+ + H2O results in NH3 + H3O+
Ka = (NH3)(H3O+)/(NH4+)
pKa = 9.2
Since the ion in NH4Cl, NH+4, has a pKa of roughly 9.2, we can proceed to compute the pH as follows:
pH is 9.26 plus log(0.39 M0.73 M) = 8.99, while pOH is 4.74 plus log(0.73 M0.39 M) = 5.01.
pH=14−pOH. =14−5.01≈8.99.
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What type of bond is formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde has a double bond.
Formaldehyde is a molecule that consists of one carbon atom coma one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
In this atom carbon and oxygen contains two bonds between them. There is one Bond present between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom. Generally, the double bonds are shorter than the single bond because a single double s weaken than a single bond.
Because of the presence of the double bond between the carbon and oxygen molecule we can say that formaldehyde as a double bond.
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draw the three alkenes, each of formula c5h10 , that will form 2‑methylbutane upon hydrogenation.
The three alkenes, each of formula C5H10, that will form 2-methylbutane upon hydrogenation will be 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene, and 3-methyl-1-butene.
Alkenes are acyclic (branched or unbranched) hydrocarbons having one carbon-to-carbon double bond. The addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond is called hydrogenation. The general outcome of such an addition is the reductive reduction of the double-bond functional group. The easiest source of two hydrogen atoms is molecular hydrogen, but integrating alkenes with hydrogen does not result in any noticeable reaction.
Hydrogenation plays a a pivotal role in chemical synthesis. Although the widespread hydrogenation reaction is exothermic, a high activation energy precludes it from taking place under regular conditions.
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You can find the figure of three alkenes in the attached file.
How much of each starting material would you use to prepare 2. 00 l of each of the following solutions?.
a. For preparing 0.274 M NaOH from 1.00 M NaOH stock solution, add 548 mL of 1.00 M NaOH stock solution to a 2.00 L volumetric flask and b. for preparing 0.120 M K2CrO4 from 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution, add 137 mL of 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution to a 2.00 L volumetric flask.
A stock solution refers to a solution with a high concentration of a particular solute and is used for obtaining moderate quantities of solute using small volumes. A dilute solution refers to a solution with a low concentration of a particular solute and is used for dealing with substances by using normal volume instead of small volumes.
As the process provided is given by taking a certain volume of a stock solution and adding water to the quantity of solute till it reaches the 2L mark, hence the dilute and stock solution have the same number of moles. The volume (V) of the dilute, which is two liters, and the concentration (M) of the dilute is used to calculate the number of moles of the dilute. The number of moles of the dilute and stock solution are used to calculate how much volume should be taken from it.
The volume taken from the stock solution can be calculated as:
Mstock * Vstock = Mdilute * Vdilute
a. 0.274 M NaOH from 1.00 M NaOH stock solution.
1M * Vstock = 0.274M * 2L
1M * Vstock = 0.548 mol
Vstock = 0.548mol/1M
Vstock = 0.548 L or 548mL
b. 0.120 M K2CrO4 from 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution.
1.75M * Vstock = 0.120 M * 2L
1.75M * Vstock = 0.240 mol
Vstock = 0.240mol/1.75M
Vstock = 0.137 L or 137 mL
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Describe how you would prepare 2.00 L for the following solutions: a. 0.274 M NaOH from 1.00 M NaOH stock solution. Add _____ mL of 1.00 M NaOH stock solution to a 2.00 L volumetric flask; fill to the mark with water, mixing several times along the way. B. 0.120 M K2CrO4 from 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution. Add _____ mL of 1.75 M K2CrO4 stock solution to a 2.00 L volumetric flask; fill to the mark with water, mixing several times along the way.
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A 3. 5kg object i accelerating at 2. 2m/ while being puhed by a force of 10 n to the right acro the floor
The force of friction acting against the object is 2.3 N.
The problem isn't complete. A similar problem is in the attachment. According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of the object depends on the force that acts on the object
∑F = ma
m = the mass of the object = 3.5 kga = the acceleration = 2.2 m/s²F = the force = 10 Na = F ÷ m = 10 ÷ 3.5 = 2.86 m/s²
The acceleration is different from the info, so there is another force acting on the object. The friction force works in the object if it's on a rough surface. The direction of the friction force is always against the movement of the object.
∑F = ma
F - f = ma
10 - f = 3.5 × 2.2
10 - f = 7.7
f = 10 - 7.7
f = 2.3 N
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what is the product of the reaction of bromoethane with each of the following nucleophiles?
1-butyne is the product that is formed by the reaction of bromoethane and the following nucleophile sodium acetylide.
Definition of nucleophilic substitution reaction
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are a class of reactions in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks a positively charged electrophile and replaces a leaving group. For alginate reactions, the most reactive nucleophile is considered as the C6 carboxylate group.
1-butyne is the product formed from the reaction between bromoethane and sodium acetylide. This reaction is a nucleophilic substitution type reaction where acetylide ion act as nucleophile. General reaction is given below:
C₂HNa + C₂H₅Br → CH₃CCHCH₂ + NaBr
1-butyne is the product formed in this reaction.
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What are the different types of chemical bonds list the 3 types of bonds from strongest to weakest and describe each type of bond?
A chemical bond can be formed by exchange of electrons, sharing of electrons.
There are so many types of chemical bonds but majorly three types of chemical bonds are:
Ionic Bond,
Covalent Bond,
and Metallic Bonds.
And out of these three types of bonds, Ionic Bonds are the strongest bonds.
The order from strongest to weakest bond is given as :
Ionic Bond > Covalent Bond > Metallic Bond
Ionic Bond: When an atom lose or gain the electron to attain the stability it forms ions and the attractive forces between two oppositely charged ions is known as ionic attractions or electrostatic attractive forces.
and such formed bonds are known as ionic bonds.
An ionic bond is formed when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is high as an electron transfer to occur to form the ions.
Covalent Bond: A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
A covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.
Metallic Bonds: Metallic bonds are made up of electrostatic attraction between metal cations and the delocalized electrons. Metallic bond is collective sharing of valence electrons between several positively charged metal ions.
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Every second, the Sun converts about 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 million tons of helium. The remaining 4 million tons of mass is _________.
converted to an amount of energy equal to 4 million tons times the speed of light squared
ejected into space in a solar wind
reabsorbed as molecular hydrogen
ejected into space by solar flares
translated into 4 million tons of energy multiplied by the square of the speed of light.
What percentage of the Sun's mass is converted to energy per second?The Sun undergoes this reaction throughout, and as a result, 600 million tons if hydrogen are converted in 596 million tons or helium each second.E=mc² states that the 4 million tons that missing matter are transformed into energy.
How much of the Sun's hydrogen gets changed into helium every day?The sun makes 598 tons of helium and burns 600 million tons of hydrogen each second.The remaining 4 million tons per day are turned into electricity.
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