What is the only special sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus?
a. touch
b. smell
c. taste
d. vision

This question is incomplete

In order to calculate the number of moles of CuSO4 in the impure solution, we need to have the mass of copper sulphate in that impure solution. Only then, we can divide the mass of copper sulphate with its molar mass to get the number of moles of CuSO4 in the solution.

Therefore, the formula to calculate the number of moles of CuSO4 in the solution is

Number of moles = Mass of copper sulphate/ molar mass of copper sulphate

If you are given the molarity of a particular volume of the solution. You can apply following formula

Molarity = moles / volume of solution

Or

Moles = molarity x volume of solution

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The option (b) is correct - 3.11 g.

What is concentration?

(KON-sen-TRAY-shun) The quantity of a substance, like salt, that is present in a specific volume of tissue or liquid, like blood, according to scientific definition.

What is mass?

Although grams can be used to measure lower quantities instead of kilograms, which is the standard SI unit for mass (g). Using a balance would be necessary to determine mass.

Gives that

volume of solution = 350 ml

350/1000 l = 0.350l

concentration of na+ ions = 0.125m

concentration of mg2so4 = concentration of na/2

concentration of na2so4= 0.125/2m= molarity

moles of na2so4= m*v

o.125/2*0.350

0.021875 moles

molar mass of g na2so4= 142.04g/mol

mass g m na2so4 = molar mass * mole

142. 04* 0.021875

=3.11g

Therefore, option (b) is correct - 3.11 g.

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The balanced chemical equation is as follows:

2NaOH+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O.

Given chemical equation is NaOH + H₂so₄ → Na₂so₄ + H₂o and this equation is not balanced as number of atom is not equal in both product and reactant side.

In the above equation there are 2 atoms in product sodium(Na) on the product side whereas 1 atom in the reactant side, So to balance it multiply NaOH by 2.

Now Hidrogen(H), Oxygen(O) and sulphate(so₄) are also unbalanced, to balance these atom multiply H₂so₄ and H₂O by 2.

So, Balanced chemical equation will be ;

2NaOH+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O.

What is a Balanced equation ?

A balanced equation is a chemical equation in which mass is conserved and there are equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

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The two type of health effects of chemical exposure are difficulty in breathing and burning of skin.

While working in a chemical laboratory, there are certain ways in which a person can be exposed to a harmful chemical.

If the chemical is present in the form of gas then it is very much possible that the person can inhale the chemical.

This might create a difficulty in breathing.

During chemical experiments, it is very certain that sometimes we require concentrated acid and base.

Both acid and base are very harmful for human skin. So, if the acid or base makes a direct contact with the skin it can cause a burn.

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Atomic radius is defined as the distance from the centre of the nucleus of the atom to its outermost shell.

Atomic radii of elements gradually increases in a group from top to bottom. As we go down a group, the atomic number increases, thus, the number of shells increases. Also, as we move down the group, the valence electrons are present in a higher shell and thus, the distance of valence electrons from the nucleus increases. As a result of this, the force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron decreases. Therefore, the atomic radius increases on moving down a group.

Higher principal energy levels consist of orbitals which are larger in size than the orbitals from lower energy levels. The effect of the greater number of principal energy levels outweighs the increase in nuclear charge, and so atomic radius increases down a group.

As we move across a period from left to right, the atomic radii decreases gradually. In a period, there is gradual increases in the nuclear charge from left to right. As the atomic number increases in a period, the electron enters in the same shell. Thus, they are more and more strongly attracted towards the nucleus. As a result of this force of attraction from the nucleus, the atomic radii gradually decreases.

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In addition to other natural and human-made processes, the burning of organic materials is the main source of formaldehyde formation.

The simplest of the aldehydes, formaldehyde (HCHO), commonly known as methanal, is an organic molecule utilized in huge quantities during numerous chemical industrial processes. It is often supplied as formalin, an aqueous solution with a 37 percent concentration, and is primarily manufactured via the vapor-phase oxidation of methanol.

Industrial production of formaldehyde involves the catalytic oxidation of methanol. The most often used catalysts are iron(III) oxide, iron molybdenum oxides, and silver metal [e.g. Vanadium oxides or iron(III) molybdate with a molybdenum-enriched surface. Methanol and oxygen react at around in the commonly used formox process.

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A chemical bond can be formed by exchange of electrons, sharing of electrons.

There are majorly three types of chemical bonds.

These are:

Ionic Bond,

Covalent Bond,

and Metallic Bonds.

Ionic Bond: When an atom lose or gain the electron to attain the stability it forms ions and the attractive forces between two oppositely charged ions is known as ionic attractions or electrostatic attractive forces.

and such formed bonds are known as ionic bonds.

An ionic bond is formed when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is high as an electron transfer to occur to form the ions.

Covalent Bond: A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.

A covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.

Metallic Bonds: Metallic bonds are made up of electrostatic attraction between metal cations and the delocalized electrons. Metallic bond is  collective sharing of valence electrons between several positively charged metal ions.

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The conversion of volume to moles at STP is 1 mole.

The ideal gas equation is given as :

P V = n R T

where,

P = pressure of the gas

V = volume of the gas

n = ?

R = constant = 0.823 atm L / mol K

T = temperature

At STP , the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273.15 K, the volume At STP is 22.4 L.

moles , n = P V / R T

n = ( 1 × 22.4 ) / (0.0823 × 273.15)

n = 1 mole

Thus, at STP , the number of moles is 1 mol.

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The given statement is True.

A calorimeter is a tool used in the calorimetry process. Calorimetry is a method for measuring a physical or chemical reaction's heat capacity as well as its heat changes. Therefore, the measurement of heat gained or lost by a system and its surroundings uses a calorimeter

Where is calorimetry employed?

Calorimetry is a popular tool for measuring chemical reactions and biological ones. The primary benefit of calorimetry is that it does not require expensive equipment and can monitor minute changes in energy.

What is a practical illustration of calorimetry?

Calorimeters are useful in a variety of fields, including academia. An industrial pilot plant can use a DSC to assess the impact of a change to a product's formula. In food testing labs, oxygen bomb calorimeters are useful for calculating the quantity of heat (calories) in food.

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Answer:

D.The increases in CO2 is caused by burning of fossil fuels

Explanation:

CO2 increases happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2.

so the answer is D. The increase in CO2 is caused by burning of fossil fuels

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Calcium chloride is more effective than sodium chloride and dicing roads in the winter because it has a lower freezing point.

The calcium chloride solution when mixed with water has a lower freezing point in comparison with the sodium chloride solution there is why it makes it easier for us roads with calcium chloride solution.

The calcium chloride solution has a lower freezing point because of the van't hoff factor.

When we spread calcium chloride on the ice, it absorbs heat from the ice and melts the ice because it has a lower freezing point then the ice. This same thing cannot be done more effectively with sodium chloride solutions.

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Base solution of the concentration used in this laboratory 0.182

Moles = given mass/molar mass

Molarity equation, M1 V1 = M2 V2

a) Assuming base solution concentration used in lab = 1M

Volume of NaOH needed= V1 = (M2 × V2)/M1 = (1L×1M)/5.5M = 0.182

b) Moles NaOH = 0.025 L × 0.18 M = 0.0045 mol

Molar mass KHP = 204.22 g/mol

Mass KHP = 0.0045 mol × 204.22 g/mol = 0.91899 g

c) given the uncertainty in mass of ±0.1g,

we can predict the range of mass = 0.8—1.0 g

The ability to suppose cautiously about some thing you are doing and nothing else. The noise outdoor made concentration difficult. there has been a glance of severe attention on her face.

An area ready for experimental take a look at in a science or for testing and evaluation a research laboratory widely a place imparting possibility for experimentation, observation, or exercise in a discipline of take a look at an area like a laboratory for trying out, experimentation, or exercise.

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The equilibrium constant of a reaction determined by "The molarity of products is divided by the molarity of reactants".

What is molarity ?

A chemical entity's concentration in some kind of a solution, specifically the quantity of a solute per unit volume of solution, has been measured by its molar concentration.

Moles = given mass/molar mass

Molarity equation, M1 V1 = M2 V2

Solution concentration = 1M

Moles NaOH = 0.025 L × 0.18 M = 0.0045 mol

Molar mass KHP = 204.22 g/mol

Mass KHP = 0.0045 mol × 204.22 g/mol = 0.91899 g

Volume of NaOH needed= V1 = (M2 × V2)/M1 = (1L×1M)/5.5M = 0.182

Therefore, the volume of the molarity used is 0.182

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The metal that will react is Cobalt.

The equation for the reaction is,

Co + Ni(NO3)2 → Co(NO3)2 + Ni

The above reaction is an example of Displacement Reaction. Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.

Cobalt is more reactive than Nickle in the reactivity series so it displaces Nickle from Nickle Nitrate and forms Cobalt Nitrate.

Reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in decreasing order of their reactivity. The metals with the greatest reactivity are at the top, followed by those with the lowest reactivity. Higher-ranking metals in a series can force lower-ranking metals out of their salt solution for any two metals in the series.

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The statement that is correct is if a molecule contains polar bonds, then it will be a polar molecule. a molecule with a single polar bond will be polar overall.

Bond among or extra atoms is polar if the atoms have notably exceptional electronegativities (>0.4). Polar bonds do now no longer percentage electrons equally, that means the bad rate from the electrons isn't always calmly dispensed withinside the molecule.

This reasons a dipole moment.Polar MoleculesIn a molecule having a polar bond, the centre of the bad rate can be on one side. Whereas the centre of superb rate can be at the exceptional side. The whole molecule can be a polar molecule.

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The appearance of the cyanobacteria changed from green to red during photosynthesis because of the alteration of the major colored light harvesting protein.

To turn sunlight into energy photosynthesis is used. Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and some bacteria to turn sunlight into energy. The process chemically converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. The chemical reaction often relies on a pigment called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.  Photosynthesis is also the reason our planet is blanketed in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Cyanobacteria is a type of bacteria that performs photosynthesis. it utilize a photosensor to maximize their light-harvesting capacity under different light environments. A joint research team found a new photosensor that regulates yellow-green light-harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria. the appearance of the cyanobacteria changed from green to red. This  color change is  called complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA) is caused by alterations of the major colored light-harvesting proteins.

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When solid magnesium sulfate MgSO₄ is poured into water, then the dissolution of MgSO₄ occurs. MgSO₄ is a strong electrolyte. Hence, the reaction is MgSO₄ + H₂O ⇒ Mg²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + H⁺ + OH⁻.

Magnesium sulfate, also known as magnesium sulphate, is a salt with the chemical formula MgSO4 that is made up of the cations magnesium and sulfate. It is a crystalline white substance that dissolves in water but not ethanol.

Epsom salt can be dissolved in water to create hard water. Hard water is the outcome of the separation of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and sulfate ions (SO4-2) during the dissolution of Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate).

Thus, When solid magnesium sulfate MgSO₄ is poured into water, then the dissolution of MgSO₄ occurs.

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Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are products.

2Li (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)

What is Chemical Reaction?

In a chemical reaction, bonds between molecules of the reactant are broken and new bonds between molecules of the product are established to create a new substance.

Chemical reactions occur all around us, including in our body's digestion of food and the creation of the sunlight's light. Understanding physical and chemical changes is crucial before starting any chemical processes.

The following balanced chemical equation depicts how lithium metal reacts with water to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas

LiOH (aq) + H2 = 2Li (s) + 2H2O (l)

0.30 mol of H2 gas is separated in the lab when Li is combined with extra water.

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The  rate of decay of a long half-life material is less than the rate of decay of a short half-life material.

Definition of Half-life

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the total amount of time taken for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay. Half-life of a material (symbol t½) is the time required for a quantity of material to reduce to half of its initial value.

The longer half life of the material is more stable than the short half life of that material.

Hence, the  rate of decay of a long half-life material is comparatively less to the rate of decay of a short half-life material.

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chemical bonding allows each atom involved in the bond to fill its outer shell.

Chemical Bonds

Atomic or elemental bonds depend on the energy level in which the outermost electron e- or e- resides.

The first shell, the innermost level, can hold up to two electrons.

The second can hold up to 8 electrons.

The third can hold up to 8 electrons.

An atom

is stable or non-reactive if the outermost energy level (shell) holds the maximum number of electrons. It does not bond with other atoms. Does not form chemical bonds,

or compounds.

To become stable, atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their outermost energy levels (electron shells).

octet rule because levels 2 and 3 need 8 electrons to be stable.

Look at the outermost electron shells (energy levels).

VALENCE

The number of electrons in the outer energy plane (shell) determines (tells) the valence of the atom.

Having 8 electrons in the outermost shell (the octet rule) determines the valence of the atom (it's a number).

Note: The "group number" in the periodic table indicates the number of electrons in the outermost shell. From this we can read how many electrons the atom must lose or gain to reach 8.

The valence is the number of electrons an atom loses or gains in order to have a perfect outer shell (it is always the minimum number).

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After 24 hours, only 1/8 (or 12.5%) of the original sample of technetium-99m remains.

What is half life?

Half-life is the amount of time required for a substance, such as a drug or radioactive material, to reduce to half its initial amount. The term is commonly used in the fields of nuclear physics and radiochemistry, where it describes the time required for a nucleus to reach half its original activity. In pharmacology, it is the time it takes for a drug to reduce its dose by half in the bloodstream. In general, the half-life of a substance is the amount of time it takes for the amount of the substance to decrease by half.

This is because the half-life of technetium-99m is 6 hours. This means that after 6 hours, half of the original sample has decayed, leaving only half of the original sample. Then after another 6 hours, half of that remaining sample decays, leaving 1/4 of the original sample. After another 6 hours, half of the remaining sample decays, leaving 1/8 of the original sample. Thus, after 24 hours, only 1/8 of the original sample of technetium-99m remains.

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Answer:

yes

Explanation:

The empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O and when the molecular weight of this compound is 180 g, its molecular formula is C₆H₁₂O₆.

The molecular weight of the compound according to its empirical formula is given as,

12 + 2 + 16 = 30 g

It is given that molecular weight of the compound is 180 g, so the ratio is,

180/30 = 6

Therefore, we can obtain the molecular formula by multiplying to each element in the empirical formula.

C₆H₁₂O₆.

Hence, the empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O and when the molecular weight of this compound is 180 g, its molecular formula is C₆H₁₂O₆.

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A mixture of an aqueous solution containing 15.0 g of NaOH and 15.0 g of h2so4 is performed. The limiting reactant is sulfuric acid.

Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O = H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) (l)

sodium hydroxide molecular weight is 40 g.

sulfuric acid's molar mass is 98 g per mole.

Calculate the number of moles necessary to equal the given molar mass.

15g/40 = 0.375 moles of sodium hydroxide make up the whole amount.

Sulfuric acid has a molecular weight of 15/98, or 0.153 moles.

We can say that sulfuric acid is the limiting reactant because its moles are low.

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The mass of the iodine that can be obtained from the reaction is 79.5 Kg.

We know that we have to look at the stoichiometry of the reaction so as to be able to solve the question well. We know that to look at the stoichiometry, it is important that we should able to consider the mass - mass relationship between the compounds.

We have the reaction equation written out in the form; [tex]2KI --- > 2K + I_{2}[/tex]. We have been told in the question as we can see above that a sample of potassium iodide are decomposed into the constituent elements. and the sample produced 24.4 kg of potassium.

Number of moles of the potassium produced = the sample produced 24.4 * 10^3 g/39 g/mol

= 625.6 moles

If the reaction produces 2 moles of potassium and 1 mole of iodine then the number of moles of iodine produced = 625.6 moles/2

= 312.8 moles

Mass of the iodine produced = 312.8 moles * 254 g/mol

= 79.5 Kg

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Copper  (0.34 V)  has higher tendency to get reduced than potential Zn  −0.76 V.

Zinc has an electrode potential of -0.76 V, whereas copper has a potential of +0.34 V.

With both electrodes acting anodically in relation to their respective local electrolytes, the voltmeter measures the sum of these two voltages, or 1.10 V, in an open circuit. Two electrodes are connected in a closed circuit, which allows current to flow. Copper functions as the galvanic cell's cathode, while zinc acts as its anode, supplying electrons (consuming electrons).

Copper electrode takes up copper atoms from the electrolyte as the zinc electrode dissolves (corrodes or oxidises) (electroplating or reduction). This procedure keeps going as long as the circuit is closed.

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Systematic error, random error, and human error are the three main types of mistake in physical and chemical laboratory research. Prior to taking any further action, these lab error sources should be thoroughly investigated.

Assuming you are using a stopwatch to determine the amount of time required for 10 pendulum oscillations, an example of how to tell systemic from random errors is to assume that you are. Your response time can be a factor when starting and stopping the watch. During one measurement, you might begin early and end late; on the following one, those inaccuracies can be corrected. Since all situations have an equal likelihood, these mistakes are unintentional. Repeated tests result in a series of slightly varying times. They fluctuate randomly around an average value.

If there is a systemic error, for instance, your stop watch won't start at zero, then the calculations will be different regarding the displaced value rather than the average value.

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The lewis electron-dot diagram which represents the bonding in potassium iodide, KI is give in image attached.

The correct answer choice is option 1.

The lewis structure can simply be defined as those diagrammatic chemical representations which describes the bonding between atoms in a particular molecular structure of a chemical substance. From the context of the above given task, the structure is bonded by eight different electrons.

The importance of lewis electron-dot structures cannot be overemphasized. Some of its significances are as follows:

In conclusion, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that potassium iodide is solid chemical compound.

The complete image of the options of the question is also attached.

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A phase transition means change of one phase of matter into another.

Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. Matter is interconvertible in nature.

The three phases of transition of matter are: melting, freezing and evaporation. These transition processes take place due to absorption and release of energy.

In the melting process, solid ice melts into liquid water due to absorption of energy.

In the freezing process, energy is released by liquid water which gives rise to the formation of solid ice.

In the process of evaporation, energy is released by liquid water , which results in the formation of water vapour.

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