What is the mole fraction of a solute in solution?

We have a closed container, so the number of moles remains constant.

Now, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. And the partial pressure of a gas will depend on its molar fraction, that is, the moles of the gas over the total moles. So the partial pressure is defined as:

Where,

Pi is the partial pressure of the gas

ni, are the moles of the corresponding gas

nT, are the total moles

Pt is the total pressure.

1. Partial pressures of O2 and CO2

Answer: PO2=360mmHg

PCO2=540mmHg

2. Now, the density will depend of the number of moles and the volume. We can calculate the volume of the gases with the ideal gas equation that says:

For each gas we will have:

O2

PO2=340mmHg=0.45atm

T=37°C=310.15K

R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)

nO2=2mol

massO2=2mol x MolarMass = 2 mol x 31.998g/mol=63.996g

CO2

PCO2=540mmHg=0.71atm

T=37°C=310.15K

R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)

nCO2=3mol

massCO2=3mol x MolarMass = 3 mol x 44.01g/mol=132.03g

Answer:

Density O2=0.57g/L

Density CO2 = 1.23g/L

3. In the second situation, what will happen is that the partial pressure of the gases will decrease, since due to the pressure exerted by the piston, part of the moles of gas will dissolve in the water. So in the gas phase we will have fewer moles of gas.

Explanation:

For reactants: BE 2CH2OH = 2*(3*414+351+460) = 4106kJ/mol

: BE 3O2 = 3*499 = 1497kJ/mol

For products: BE 2CO2 = 2*799 = 1598kJ/mol

: BE 4H2O = 4*2*460 = 3680kJ/mol

Answer:

Bond energy is 325kJ/mol

Step 1

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) (must be balanced)

The limiting reactant

Data needed:

The molar mass:

For N2) 28 g/mol

For H2) 2 g/mol

For NH3) 17 g/mol

Procedure:

28 g N2 ------ 3 x 2 g H2

7.0 g N2------- X = 1.5 g H2

According to this, for 7.0 g N2, 1.5 g H2 is needed to react, but 5.0 g is provided. Therefore, H2 is the excess, and N2 is the limiting reactant

1.5 g of H2 is reacted, so 5.0 g - 1.5 g= 3.5 g are leftover

------------------

Step 2

The theoretical yield.

Procedure:

28 g N2 ------ 2 x 17 g NH3

7.0 g N2------ X = 8.5 g NH3

Answer: The theoretical yield of ammonia is 15 g. FALSE

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the valence electron number for each of the listed elements

The number of valence electrons is used to put elements into groups

Thus, an element will have 1 valence electron if it belongs to group 1

Now, let us get the valence electrons for each of the listed elements

Carbon C has 6 valence electrons

Chlorine Cl has 7 valence electrons

Neon Ne has 8 valence electrons

Calcium Ca has 2 valence electrons

Oxygen O has 6 valence electrons

Kindly note that we do not count the d-block when checking for the number of valence electrons. After the second group, we skip the next 10 (the transition metals) and count the next group, starting from Boron as 3, in that sequence

Explanation:

In solar power we use the radiation from the sun to produce electricity.

Answer: C. Solar power

The energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity is solar power. The correct answer is option C.

Energy refers to the capacity or ability to do work or cause change. It is a scalar quantity that can be transferred or converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Solar power is generated by converting sunlight into electrical energy using solar panels or photovoltaic cells. These cells are made up of layers of silicon that absorb sunlight and convert it into an electrical current.

The energy produced by solar power is clean, renewable, and does not produce any harmful emissions or waste products.

In conclusion, solar power is the energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity. Option C is the correct answer.

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Answer and Explanation

(a) At constant temperature and volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.

P = n (RT/V) where P is the pressure, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature and V is the volume

So when the pressure in increased, the volume will be decreased, meaning there will be less space in the container, this will lead to more collisions inside a container, meaning, the number of moles will be increased.

(b) Given: initial number of moles (n1) = 4.0 moles

initial pressure (P1) = 1.6 atm

Final number of moles (n2) = 3.0 moles

Required: Final Pressure (P2)

solution

P1/n1 = P2/n2

P2 = P1*n2/n1

P2 = 1.6 atm*3.0 moles/4.0 moles

P2 = 1.2 atm

The type of reaction involved in the illustration is a single displacement reaction.

Displacement reactions are chemical reactions in which an atom displaces another atom from a participating species of the reaction. Displacement reactions could be:

When you consider this reaction: [tex]Zn + AgNO_3 -- > ZnNO_3 + Ag[/tex]. Zn displaced Ag from the compound, [tex]AgNO_3[/tex]. Thus, it is a single displacement reaction.

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AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + NH₄NO₃

This is a double replacement equation, so there is an ion exchange. So the easiest way to balance this equation is to separate the compounds into their ions.

AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + NH₄NO₃

Ag⁺ + NO₃⁻ + 2 NH₄⁺ + CrO₄²⁻ ----> 2 Ag⁺ + CrO₄²⁻ + NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻

Usually we balance the elements, but it is easier in this case to balance the ions.

AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + NH₄NO₃

Ag⁺: 1 Ag⁺: 2

NO₃⁻: 1 NO₃⁻: 1

NH₄⁺: 2 NH₄⁺: 1

CrO₄²⁻: 1 CrO₄²⁻: 1

Let's start balancing the ion Ag⁺, we have two ions Ag⁺ on the right and only one on the left, so we have to change the coefficient in front of AgNO₃ and write a 2 there.

2 AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + NH₄NO₃

Ag⁺: 2 Ag⁺: 2

NO₃⁻: 2 NO₃⁻: 1

NH₄⁺: 2 NH₄⁺: 1

CrO₄²⁻: 1 CrO₄²⁻: 1

That change balanced the ion Ag⁺, but unbalanced the NO₃⁻. We have two on the left and only one on the right. We have to change the coefficient in front of NH₄NO₃ and write a 2 there.

2 AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + 2 NH₄NO₃

Ag⁺: 2 Ag⁺: 2

NO₃⁻: 2 NO₃⁻: 2

NH₄⁺: 2 NH₄⁺: 2

CrO₄²⁻: 1 CrO₄²⁻: 1

And finally our equation is balanced.

Answer: 2 AgNO₃ + (NH₄)₂CrO₄ ----> Ag₂CrO₄ + 2 NH₄NO₃

Both fiber optic and metal are used to transmit signals across long distances. While fiber optic cables use light to carry signals making them much faster and higher quality.

The main way that could be told to do this is to actively show their presence in the campaign and get involved with the campaign with interest and enthusiasm.

Some other ways to tell the students of the region to do their part in a campaign are as follows:

These are some ways that could be told to the students of the region to take part in the campaign.

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ANSWER

Option C

EXPLANATION

The collision between particles of substance increases with an increase in the temperature.

Recall, that matter exists in three states which are;

solid

liquid

gas

The particles will move faster is gas because the intermolecular force binding the particles together is very weak and therefore, the collision between the particles are very fast

Therefore, the particles of steam at 110 degrees Celcius will move faster

Option C is correct

Answer:

0.392 moles of KNO3.

Explanation:

To find the moles of a solute based on the volume and concentration of a solution, we use the following formula:

The given data is: molarity = 0.560 M and volume (liters of solution) = 0.70 L. So, let's solve for 'moles of solute' and replace the values that we have. The solute in this case, would be KNO3:

We're going to use 0.392 moles of KNO3 to prepare 0.70 L of a 0.560 M solution.

Answer

Elements found in in the same vertical columns (Group 1A, 2A, etc) will share common properties. In the periodic table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families.

Explanation

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.

Hence, elements found in in the same vertical columns (Group 1A, 2A, etc) will share common properties. In the periodic table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families.

In this question, we have a situation in which we have to use the Calorimetry formula, which is how much heat was released or absorbed (in Joules), after we had a change in temperature of a compound. The formula for this Calrimetry question is:

Q = mcΔT

Where:

Q = is energy as Heat

m = mass in grams

c = is the specific heat capacity

ΔT = the change in temperature, calculated as Final Temperature - Initial T

We have:

m = 75.0 grams

c = for water is 4.184 J/g°C

ΔT = 27.5 - 100 = -72.5°C

Now adding these values into the formula:

Q = 75 * 4.184 * (-72.5)

Q = - 22750.5 Joules, or -22.75 kJ

Answer:

267 mmHg.

Explanation:

What is given?

Total pressure = 723 mmHg

Partial pressure of helium (He) = 194 mmHg.

Partial pressure of nitrogen (N) = 262 mmHg.

Step-by-step solution:

Let's see the formula of total pressure:

Let's write the formula to our context if we have 3 different gases:

We want to find the partial pressure of oxygen (O), so let's solve for Po which is the unknown value in the formula, and replace the given data:

The partial pressure of oxygen is 267 mmHg.

Answer

9.987 grams of O2

Explanation

Given:

Mass of potassium chlorate that decomposed = 25.5 g

What to find:

The mass of oxygen produced.

Solution:

The first step is to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂

From the equation; 2 moles of KClO₃ produced 3 moles of O₂

1 mole KClO₃ = 122.55 g/mol and 1 mole O₂ = 31.998 g/mol

This implies (2 mol x 122.55 g/mol) = 245.1 g of KClO₃ produced (3 mol x 31.998 g/mol) = 95.994 g of O₂

Therefore, 25.5 g of KClO₃ will produce

Therefore, the mass of oxygen produced is 9.987 grams

So,

Living things are made of four types of molecules, known as macromolecules. These macromolecules are:

1. Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates, are sugar molecules. Along with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks. Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs. The building blocks units of Carbohydrates are called Monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. The next one is a picture that shows the structures of some Carbohydrates:

2. Lipids:

A lipid is any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water. They include fats, waxes, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes and function as energy-storage molecules and chemical messengers. The building block units of lipids are Fatty acids and glycerol.

We can see some structures for lipids below:

3. Proteins:

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

A protein is a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds. Proteins are present in all living organisms and include many essential biological compounds such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies as well. The building block units of proteins are called Aminoacids.

A protein has four structures shown below:

And, finally:

4. Nucleic acids:

Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

They play an especially important role in directing protein synthesis. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

The building block units of nucleic acids are called Nucleotides.

The next one is their structure:

Molar concentration or Molarity is a way to measure the concentration of a solution after some solute has been added to the solvent, the formula for Molarity is:

M = n/V

where:

M = molar concentration

n = number of moles

V = volume of the solution in Liters

In the question we are given the molarity and volume, let's add these information to our formula

0.6 M = n/2.5 L

n = 1.5 moles of Iodine should be added

In this diagram, we have a reaction occurring and 3 letters that represent Reactants, Activation Energy and Products. To determine which is which, first, we will almost always have the Activation Energy in the middle of the reaction, this is how much energy is required for the reaction to occur, therefore Activation Energy is represented by letter B

To determine the total change in enthalpy, we need to subtract the sum of all the enthalpy from the products, which is letter C, and the sum of all the enthalpy from the reactants, which is letter A

ΔH = C - A

In this graph, we have the energy increasing and more energy on the products side, this means that an input of energy was required, this is the description of an Endothermic reaction, therefore the sign will be Positive

In World War 1, Chlorine gas was used as a toxic, poisonous gas to harm and terminate enemies.

answer

13. the molar mass of O2 is 32 g/mol

conversion: 2 mols x 16 g/mol = 32 g

14. there are 2 mols of water produced and this equals:

2 mols x 18 g/mol = 36 g

Answer

16,200 seconds

Explanation

Conversion factor:

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

Therefore,

4.5 hours x 60 minutes/1 hour = 270 minutes

270 minutes x 60 seconds/1 minute = 16,200 seconds

Explanations: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, hoever, it can only change its state.

A) Incorrect - this is not related to thermodynamics

B) Incorrect - has no correlations to energy being conserved.

C) Correct - energy state of the heat is transfered from the system to surrounding, this is an example of thermodynamic

D) Incorrect - no energy is conserved here.

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is not created nor destroyed, it is just transforms.

A chemical reaction satisfies this law if the same amount of each element is present in both sides of the equation.

By looking at the choices, it can be observed that in the third choices, 1 sulfate ion is reacting and 2 sulfate ions are being produced. This violates the law of conservation of mass because if 1 sulfate ion reacts, 1 sulfate ion must be produced.

It means that the correct answer is the third choice.

Explanation:

The energy of a photon of the violet light can be obtained as follows:

E = energy

h = Plank's constant

f = frequency

-------

Data provided:

f = 7.31x10^14 Hz

--

Data needed:

h = 6.63x10^-34 Js

So, E = h x f = 6.63x10^-34 Js x 7.31x10^14 Hz = 4.85x10^-19 J

Answer: 4.84x10^-19 J (nearest value)

Answer

C

Explanation

A higher ranked element in the activity series is more reactive in a single replacement reaction. We predict a single replacement reaction will occur when a less reactive element can be replaced by a more reactive element in a compound. Therefore since A is more reactive, it will replace B in a single replacement reaction.

Answer

The structural formula of 2-chloro-5,5-diethyloctan-4-ol is shown below

In this question, we have HClO4 and KOH being mixed together and then a final pH being calculated, one way of doing this calculation is by finding out how many moles are being equivalent to each other and how many we have left divided by the total volume, so lets work on that:

HClO4 = 0.200 (volume) * 0.180 (concentration) = 0.036 moles

KOH = 0.270 ( concentration) * 0.150 (volume) = 0.0405

Total volume will be = 0.150+0.200 = 0.350 L

Now we can do the next calculation

(0.036 - 0.0405)/0.350

0.0128

This final value will be placed in the pH formula, which is:

pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log [0.0128]

pH = 1.89, letter D

Given that the pressure in the whole process is constant, we could use the Charles's law:

Let's replace our values and solve the equation for T2:

The temperature of the gas sample will be 201°C.

Synthetic substances:

Synthetic fibers e.g. are made from organic synthetic high-molecular compounds and are made synthetically from raw materials such as petroleum oil or petrochemicals.

Until here the answer is: petroleum oil

At home, we can find synthetic fibers, ceramics, plastics, etc

We can find synthetic fibers (polyester, Rayon, Spandex, etc) in caps, raincoats, and ropes.

Plastic can be found in bottles, cups, etc.