2+ charge is the amount of charge on a calcium ion if its neutral atom has lost two valence electrons.
What is Charge?
Wave energy that travels longitudinally is charge. The relationship between mass and charge may be reduced to a single energy equation, which is shown on this page in classical form. Coulombs may be explained as wave amplitude, which is measured as a distance, to connect mass and charge (meters).
The physical characteristic of matter that allows it to feel a force when exposed to an electromagnetic field is called electric charge.
The two types of electric charges that protons and electrons most frequently carry are positive and negative charges.
Charge movement is what produces energy.
The energy generated by the charge might be thermal, chemical, or electrical energy, depending on the environment or atmosphere in which it is put.
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Which one of these sentences is appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab? O Three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded. O First, record the seven concentrations of the red dye which...... O The corvet was whipped with a soft tissue and then........ The error occurred because Tim spilled the solution. o We got a good yield.
The appropriate sentence is three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded. This record show that it is the concentration of the solute.
In chemistry, attention is the abundance of a constituent divided by the entire extent of a combination. several kinds of mathematical descriptions can be outstanding: mass awareness, molar awareness, range attention, and volume concentration.
The awareness of the solution tells you the way much solute has been dissolved within the solvent. as an example, in case you upload one teaspoon to 2 cups of water, the attention may be mentioned as 1 t salt per 2 c water. The vinegar label will file that the solution is 5% via weight acetic acid.
The concentration of a Solute. There are basic ways of reporting the concentration of a solute in a solvent, via reporting the mass of the solute in a given volume, or the variety of moles of solute in a given quantity.
Therefore, the appropriate sentence is three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded. This record show that it is the concentration of the solute.
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for the recrystallization experiment: the sample is dissolved in hot solvent then filtered while hot. the filtrate is allowed to cool and the mixture is filtered a second time. what effect will result if the filtrate solution is cooled too rapidly?
Small impure crystals will form if the filtrate solution is cooled too rapidly.
The solution is a homogeneous aggregate of one or extra solutes dissolved in a solvent. Solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to supply a homogeneous combination. Solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous combination.
Solutions are uniform combinations of molecules wherein any of the levels of remembering can be dissolved in any other segment.
Household cleaners like bleach are solutions, they help us to make our houses smooth. Beverages such as fizzy drinks, mineral water, and tea are some of the answers.
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How do you calculate mass at STP?
The formula D= M/V is used at STP where,
M is equal to the molar mass and,
V is molar volume of a gas (22.4 liter/mole).
At Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), 1 mole of any gas will occupy a volume of 22.4 L.
The Ideal Gas Law, along with a balanced chemical equation, can be used to solve for the amount, either in volume or mass, of gas consumed or produced in a chemical reaction.
The molar mass of a gas can be derived from the ideal gas law, PV=nRT , by using the definition of molar mass to replace n , the number of moles.
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What documents provide employees with information about the health risks of chemicals at work?
To make sure that employees are informed about chemical and toxic substance dangers in the workplace and related protective measures, OSHA created the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS).
Information regarding the names and dangers of the chemicals must be accessible to and comprehended by employees in order to guarantee chemical safety at work. The creation and transmission of such information is required by OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS):
All employers who have hazardous chemicals in their workplaces are required to have labels and safety data sheets for their exposed workers and to train them in the proper handling of the chemicals. Chemical manufacturers and importers are also required to assess the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import and to create labels and safety data sheets to communicate the hazard information to their downstream customers. Employees must get instruction on the risks posed by the chemicals employed in their workplace as well as self-protection techniques.
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Where are the photoreceptors located insides a human eye
Answer:
Rod and cone photoreceptors are specialized neurons that function in the initial step of vision. These light-sensitive cells lie at the back of the retina adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a cell layer that is vital for the survival of photoreceptors.
Explanation:
Four solutes are added to a solvent. All solutes have the same mass and solubility. The surface areas of four solutes are 2 mm2, 4 mm2, 6 mm2, and 10 mm2. Which solute will dissolve the quickest? 2 mm24 mm26 mm210 mm2.
Of the four solutes added to a solvent, the one with the smallest surface area (2 mm2) will dissolve the fastest.
ReasoningSuperficial areaThe surface area or particle size especially affects the rate of solubility.
The greater the surface area (smaller particle size) the faster it dissolves. This is evidenced by the fact that a sugar cube dissolves more slowly than granulated sugar.
Solubility rateThe rate at which a solute dissolves depends on the size of the solute particles.
Dissolution is a surface phenomenon, since it depends on solvent molecules colliding with the external surface of the solute.
A given amount of solute dissolves faster when it is ground into small particles, rather than large chunks, because more surface area is exposed.
Other Factors Affecting SolubilityIn addition to solute surface area, temperature and pressure influence the balance of intermolecular forces between solvent and solute, and the change in entropy that accompanies solvation, thus changing solubility.
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an open-end mercury manometer, like the one shown here, is used to measure the pressure of an enclosed gas. what is the pressure of the enclosed gas if the mercury in the arm attached to the gas container is 354 mm higher than the arm open to the atmosphere and the atmospheric pressure is measured to be 0.975 atm?
The pressure of gas in a container is measured using a manometer with a tolerance of 0.509 atm. The pressure of an enclosed gas is measured using an open-end mercury manometer, like the one in this image.
However, unless clearly stated otherwise, a U-shaped tube that is partially filled with fluid is what is typically meant when using the term "manometer." To demonstrate how air pressure affects a liquid column in a laboratory experiment, you can quickly construct this kind of manometer. A manometer is a gauge used in science to measure pressure. The fourth and most basic state of matter is gas (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas might contain a single atom (e.g. a noble gas like neon).
The pressure of gas in a container is measured using a manometer is
(354*0.975 )- 344.65 = 0.509 atm.
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A manometer with a tolerance of 0.509 atm is used to measure the pressure of gas in a container.
However, The open-tube manometer is a U-shaped tube that is partially filled with fluid, usually mercury or water. Which is commonly intended when using the term "manometer" unless it is specifically indicated otherwise. This form of manometer can be easily built to demonstrate how air pressure influences a liquid column in a laboratory experiment. The pressure that is measured is related to the difference in height of the fluid at the two ends of the U-shaped tube.
Finally pressure of gas in a container is measured using a manometer is
(354×0.975 )- 344.65 = 0.509 atm.
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List at least 3 structural properties of molecules that were not accurately represented by the model kits.
Molecular models are classified into three types: ball-and-stick, skeleton, and space-filling. For tiny compounds, the depiction of bond angles is quite precise, and the visualisation of molecular structure is good.
What characteristics do molecular compounds have?At normal temperature, most molecular compounds are gases or liquids, and those that are solids are soft and malleable. They have low melting and boiling temperatures, are poorly soluble, and are poor electrical conductors.
The attribute of the d n, a that cannot be proven using the model is the one type of structure that allows the atom to replicate itself, the amid cell division, thus the d n a contains two buiopolymers and two buiopolymous trans, which are known as poly Nucleotides.
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As a system reaches thermal equilibrium, _____ has been transferred from areas of high to low _____.
As a system reaches thermal equilibrium, thermal energy has been transferred from areas of high to low temperature.
What happens during thermal equilibrium?Heat is the transfer of energy from a high to a low temperature. The system (or combination of systems) is said to be in thermal equilibrium when these temperatures level out and heat stops flowing. Thermal equilibrium indicates that no matter is flowing into or out of the system.
Thermal energy may be transferred in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs when heat energy is exchanged between nearby molecules that are in touch with one another.
When two things are in thermal equilibrium, there is no net heat movement between them, and their temperatures are the same.
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list at least 3 structural properties of molecules that were not accurately represented by the model kits.
The structural properties of molecules that were not accurately represented by the model kits include:
Bond angleBond lengthShape of the moleculeWhat is bond angle?Bond angle is the angle formed by two covalent bonds that originate from the same atom. The bond length of a molecule is the distance between the nuclei of two chemically bonded atoms. It is roughly equal to the sum of the two bonded atoms' covalent radii.
The position of a molecule's nuclei and electrons determines its shape. The electrons and nuclei gravitate toward positions that minimize repulsion while increasing attraction.
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Bromobenzene is converted to a compound with the molecular formula c7h7br in the reaction scheme. Identify the reagents in each step and the products formed in each step.
Bromobenzene is converted to a compound with the molecular formula c7h7br in the following reaction scheme.
Bromobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Br. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor. It is used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds.
Bromobenzene + NaNH2 --> 1-Phenyl-2-bromoethanamine + NaBr
Reagents: Bromobenzene, NaNH2
Products: 1-Phenyl-2-bromoethanamine, NaBr
1-Phenyl-2-bromoethanamine + KOH --> 1-Phenyl-2-hydroxyethanamine + HBr
Reagents: 1-Phenyl-2-bromoethanamine, KOH
Products: 1-Phenyl-2-hydroxyethanamine, HBr
1-Phenyl-2-hydroxyethanamine + HBr --> 2-Bromo-1-phenylethanone + NaBr
Reagents: 1-Phenyl-2-hydroxyethanamine, HBr
Products: 2-Bromo-1-phenylethanone, NaBr
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what effect will the addition of a small amount of strong acid have on a buffer solution? what effect will the addition of a small amount of strong acid have on a buffer solution? no effect drastically lowers the ph slightly lowers the ph slightly raises the ph drastically raises the ph
There will be no effect of adding a small amount of strong acid to a buffer solution.
The conjugate base in the buffer eats the hydronium ion, turning it into water and the weak acid of the conjugate base when a strong acid (H3O+) is added to the buffer solution. This causes the amount of weak acid to increase and the amount of conjugate base to decrease.
A buffer solution is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and either its conjugate base or base itself. When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all.
A buffer is a substance that can withstand a pH change when acidic or basic substances are added.
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In this chemical equation, why is the number of atoms the same on each side of the arrow? chemical reactions reduce matter but create energy. Chemical reactions produce new matter. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃
Because this chemical equation complies with the rule of conservation of matter, there is the same number of atoms on both sides of the arrow.
The law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. It just changes into different forms. Or in accordance with this law, the total mass of the products and reactants stays identical during any physical or chemical change. Therefore, it's crucial to maintain the same number of moles on both sides of the chemical reaction in order to uphold the rule of conservation of matter.
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Even though your question is incomplete, I believed you were referring to this type of question:
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃
In this chemical equation, why is the number of atoms the same on each side of the arrow?
a. Chemical reactions reduce matter but create energy.
b. Chemical reactions produce new matter.
c. Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
PLEASE HELP
See the following diagram of methane (CH4).
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What is the composition of the sigma bonds in methane i.e. what atomic orbits comprise the molecular orbit? Hint: they are all the same, so there is only one kind sigma bond here.
The composition of the sigma bonds in methane i.e. the atomic orbits comprise the molecular orbit is σsp³-sp³
Explain molecular structure of methane briefly.Methane is a one-carbon compound in which carbon is attached to four hydrogen atoms by single bonds. It is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, but a flammable gas (bp -161°C). It serves as a fossil fuel, a member of greenhouse gases, and a bacterial metabolite. In the methane molecule, a carbon atom forms covalent bonds with four different hydrogen atoms. There are no lone pairs of electrons in carbon atoms. So the 4 hydrogen atoms are at the 4 corners of the tetrahedron and the carbon is at the center of the tetrahedron. Hybridization in the methane molecule occurs by mixing one orbital with three p-orbitals. Each orbital consists of an unpaired electron. Carbon's s orbital and three p orbitals overlap with her 1s orbital of hydrogen to form a bond. Therefore, methane hybridizes to sp3 resulting in tetrahedral geometry. The methane molecule is non-polar. In particular, the dipole moment of methane is zero. A dipole moment of zero means that the "center of negative charge" in the molecule corresponds to the "center of positive charge".
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The first ionization energy of mg is 735 kj/mol. The second ionization energy is.
Taking under consideration the definition of ionization energy, an appropriate solution is alternative c: Greater than 735 kJ/mol.
Electrons are held in atoms via way of means of their appeal to the nucleus, because of this that that power is wanted to do away with an electron from the atom.
lonization power, additionally referred to as ionization potential, is the vital power that ought to be provided to a impartial, gaseous, ground-kingdom atom to do away with an electron from an atom. When an electron is eliminated from a impartial atom, a cation with a rate identical to +1 is formed.
The power required to emove a 2nd electron is referred to as the econd ionization power, and because of the issue of disposing of an electron from a wonderful particle, its fee is extra than hat of the primary ionization power.
Finally, an appropriate solution is alternative c: extra than 735 kJ/mol.
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Which tatement decribe the tranfer of heat
energy that occur when an ice cube i added to
an inulated container with 100 milliliter of water
at 25°C?
The statement describe the transfer of heat is : the ice cubes gains the heat energy and the water looses the heat energy.
The law of mass of conservation mass states that mass neither be created or nor be destroyed. The law of mass of conservation energy states that the heat energy in the isolated system should de constant. if the one thing is loose the energy then the other in will gains the energy in an isolated system. according to the conditions the ice cube is at lower energy .
Thus the ice cube will gains the the heat energy that the water looses the heat energy.
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compare the structural features of these two possible bonding arrangements for osf4 and use this information to determine the most likely structure.
The most likely structure of this bonding arrangement will be structure 2.
Which structure would be the best?
There are five zones of electron density surrounding the core atom, which is known to be the sulfur atom.
We now know that a trigonal bipyramid serves as the foundation for the structure. Assume that structure 1 is located at the RHS and structure 2 is located at the LHS.
for structure 1;
The oxygen is positioned axially.
three F-S-F bonds at 90 degrees
one F-S-F bond at 120 degrees
for structure 2;
In the equatorial position,
oxygen has four 90-degree F-S-F bonds.
Consequently, structure 2 is a candidate for the compound's structure.
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how many milliliters of 0.0850 m naoh are required to titrate each of the following solutions to the equivalence point: (a) 40.0 ml of 0.0900 m hn03, (b) 35.0 ml of 0.0850 m ch3cooh, (c) 50.0 ml of a solution that contains 1.85 g of hcl per liter?
The volume of NaOH required to titrate HNO₃ is 42.35 mL.
The volume of NaOH required to titrate CH₃COOH is 35.0 mL.
The volume of NaOH required to titrate HCl is 29.86 mL.
Titration between acid and base is a neutralization reaction. The steps to calculate the volume of base
Making a chemical reaction between acid and base and the reaction should be a balanced reaction.Calculate the number of moles from the acid.Calculate the number of moles from the base with the ratio of the coefficient of each substance.Calculate the base's volumeA. HNO₃ + NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O
Number of moles of HNO₃B. CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
Number of moles of CH₃COOHC. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
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Which phenomenon that goes unexplained by lewis structures is solved by applying molecular orbital theory?
The para magnetism of oxygen molecule is unexplained by Lewis structures and is solved by applying molecular orbital theory. So, the option C is the correct answer.
Lewis structure cannot explain the Para magnetism of oxygen molecule. Only the molecular orbital theory explains the para magnetism of oxygen molecule because the oxygen molecule contain two unpaired electrons.
Lewis structure explain the bond angle, the electrons in a molecule's valence shell and the ionization energy trends.
Molecular orbital theory explain bonding in molecules.
As a result, Lewis structure can explain option A (bond angle) and B (ionization energy trends), cannot explain option C. Only the molecular orbital theory can explain option C (the para magnetism of oxygen molecule).
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in each combination that formed a reactoin, there area total of 4 ions involved, but only one cation and one anion come together to make the precipitate. what doo you think happens with the other 2 ions?
An insoluble ionic solid known as the precipitate is created during precipitation reactions when the cations of one reactant and the anions of another reactant present in aqueous solutions come together.
Solids can occasionally develop in the reaction between two aqueous solutions. The substance is known as a precipitate.
A double-replacement reaction produces the majority of precipitates. When two compounds' ions swap places with one another in an aqueous solution, the process is known as a double-replacement reaction. A, B, X, and Y are all ions in the equation AX + BY AY + BX.
When the ions of a chemical have separated in an aqueous solution, the result is an ionic solution. When two aqueous solutions are combined, a reaction occurs. This is when you discover whether or not a precipitate will form. If the end result of the ion interaction is insoluble in water, a precipitate results.
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in general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right: (1) the atomic radius ; (2) the electron affinity becomes negative; and (3) the first ionization energy . question 26 options: a) decreases, decreasingly, increases b) decreases, increasingly, decreases c) increases, increasingly, decreases d) decreases, increasingly, increases e) increases, increasingly, increases
Option (b) is correct. Atomic radius decreases, electron affinity increases and ionization energy decreases when we move from lrft to right in the periodic table.
When we move from left to right across a periodic table, the atomic radius decreases. With increase in atomic number, the nuclear charge increases but the number of shells in the atoms of all the elements in a period remains the same. On moving from left to right across a period, electron affinity increases. With increase in atomic number, the nuclear charge increases but the number of shells in the atoms of all the elements in a period remains the same. The ionization energy is the energy required to completely remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Ionization energies increase moving from left to right across a period. Ionization energy decreases moving down a group.
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which labeled structure is in charge of editing and sorting incoming sensory stimuli, and controlling information entry into the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus is in the charge of editing and sorting incoming sensory stimuli and controlling information entry into the cerebral cortex.
Thalamus is our body’s information relay station. All information from your body’s senses except smell must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation. Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory. Sensory impulses travel through nerve fibers from your body through brain structures to your thalamus. Specialized areas of your thalamus called nuclei, are each responsible for processing different sensory or motor impulses received from your body and then sending the selected information through nerve fibers to the related area of your cerebral cortex for interpretation.
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PLWASE HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLG day 4
50 pts
A penny ha a total of 3. 1g. Zinc make up 2. 9g of the penny. What i the % by ma of zinc in the penny?
The nuclear energy required to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other is 1.58×10²⁵ MeV.
Number of atoms in a 3g coin= 6.023×10²³ × 3/63
= 2.868×10²²
Each copper atom has 29 protons and 34 neutrons.
Thus, the mass defect of each atom is 29 × 1.00783 + 34 ×1.00867− 62.92960 = 0.59225u.
Total mass defect of all atoms = 0.59225u×2.868×10²²
=1.6985×10²² u.
Thus, the nuclear energy required=1.6985×10
22 ×931MeV = 1.58×10²⁵ MeV
What is nuclear energy?
Nuclear energy is the use of certain nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear energy can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Currently, the vast majority of nuclear electricity is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants.To know more about nuclear energy, click the link given below:
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is the synthesis of ozone, o3, from oxygen, o2, an example of an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
9.4 the molecule shown here is difluoromethane (ch2f2), which is used as a refrigerant called r-32. based on the structure, how many electron domains surround the c atom in this molecule? would the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment?
The electron domains surround the C atom in this molecule is 4 electron domain. yes the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment.
The difluoromethane , CH₂F₂ have the 4 electron domains . the electron domains the are lone pairs and bond location around the particular atom present in the molecule. in the CH₂F₂ :
carbon have the valence electron = 4
Fluorine has the valence electron = 7
hydrogen has the valence electron = 1
Th CH₂F₂ has a tetrahedral geometry. the central atom Carbon has zero no. of lone pair and 4 bonded pair so, the electron domain is 4. yes the molecule have a nonzero dipole moment because of the unequal distribution of the charges.
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How many bonds does chlorine form?
The bonds formed between Chlorine atoms of molecule will be covalent Bond and bonded by one covalent bond only.
Covalent bonds are made by sharing of electrons to complete the octet or doublet of the atom to attain stability.
Covalent bond refers to the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms.
These electrons simultaneously attract the atomic nuclei of the two atoms participating in the covalent bond.
A covalent bond is formed only when the electronegativity difference of two atoms is too small so that an electron transfer to form ions will not occur.
Number of bonds for a neutral atom = (Number of electrons in the complete valence shell i.e. 2 or 8 electrons) - (Number of valence electrons of the atom)
Number of bonds for chlorine = (Number of electrons in the complete valence shell i.e. 2 or 8 electrons) - (Number of valence electrons of the carbon)
which means,
Number of bonds for chlorine atom = 8 - 7
Number of bonds for chlorine atom = 1
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Balance each of the following redox reactions occurring in acidic aqueous solution.A. BrO−3(aq)+N2H4(g)→Br−(aq)+N2(g)Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.B. Zn(s)+Sn2+(aq)→Zn2+(aq)+Sn(s)
Balance redox reactions equation occurring in acidic aqueous solution is 4BrO3- + 5N2H4 + 4H+ → 2Br2 + 5N2 + 12H2O.
The most fundamental and widely used method for balancing chemical equations is known as "balancing by inspection," also known as trial and error. The number of trials and errors required to arrive at an equation that is ultimately correctly balanced can be reduced by using a few techniques. A chemical equation cannot be considered balanced unless the law of conservation of matter is observed. In chemical equations, two distinct types of numbers are used. Subscripts are used in the chemical formulas of the reactants and products. Coefficients are also employed to display the number of molecules of a substance that are consumed or produced prior to chemical formulas.
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what is the activation energy? what is the activation energy? the amount of energy required to separate reactants from the products the energy difference between the reactants and the products the minimum amount of energy to break the bonds in reactants the amount of energy required to activate a phase change
The smallest amount of energy required to dissolve the bonds between reactants is known as the activation energy.
Every molecule has a specific quantity of energy at a minimum. The energy may take the shape of potential energy or kinetic energy. Chemical reactions can result from the stretching, bending, and ultimately breaking of bonds that can occur when molecules contact. The quantity of free energy required to raise the reactants' energy level to the transition state's energy level is known as the activation energy for the forward reaction. It is described as the least additional energy needed by a reacting molecule to transform into a product.
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Lead is less active than zinc but more active than copper. Predict the results you would have gotten if you placed lead metal into
separate solutions of zinc nitrate and copper (II) nitrate.
A. Lead would react with both zinc nitrate and copper (II) nitrate
B. Lead would react with copper (II) nitrate, but not zinc nitrate
C. Lead would not react with either zinc nitrate or copper (II) nitrate
D. Lead would pact with zinc nitrate, but not copper (II) nitrate