Half-life is the length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a specific radionuclide to decay.
Radioactive atoms, of which the environment naturally contains a large number, are what cause ionising radiation. A radioactive atom can be found in the forms of a gas, liquid, or solid just like any other sort of atom. An electron cloud surrounds the atom's nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons.
Most atoms are stable because neutrons and protons are distributed evenly within them. Nevertheless, some atoms have an unstable proton-neutron ratio. Isotopes are variations of an element that have different neutron counts. Atoms seek stability; therefore, to transition from one stable state to another, they let go of energy from their nucleus in the form of particles or rays.
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this reaction can be performed without using hcl. in general, according to the mechanism, what needs to be present to affect the transformation of the alcohol to the chloride?
The reaction between the t-amyl alcohol to t-amyl chloride can be performed without using HCl. The SN1 mechanism needs to be present to affect the transformation of the alcohol to the chloride.
Hydrogen chloride (HCl), a gas at standard pressure and temperature, is a compound of the elements hydrogen and chlorine. Hydrochloric acid is the name for the gas's water solution.
Chlorides are created when active metals and their oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates react with gaseous hydrogen chloride.
Only in the presence of moisture do these reactions happen easily. Hydrogen chloride that has never been wet is very inert.
The reactions of hydrochloric acid are those of conventional strong acids, including those with metals in which hydrogen gas is displaced, reactions with basic (metal) oxides and hydroxides that are neutralized by the creation of a metal chloride and water, and reactions with weak acid salts in which the weak acid is expelled.
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151.98 kpa convret to atm
Answer: 1.49
Explanation: divide the kPa value by 101.325 kPa / atm.
Answer:
1.56901061 atmospheres
Explanation:
for an approximate result, divide the pressure value by 101.3
How do you solve STP problems?
Ideal gas law states that PV=nRT
It can be written as V = nRT/P,
“P” is pressure,
“V” is volume,
n is the number of moles of a gas,
“R” is the molar gas constant and
“T” is temperature.
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) refers to the nominal conditions in the atmosphere at sea level. These conditions are 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure.
Molar Volume at STP means that one mole of any gas will occupy 22.4 liters of space. When performing stoichiometry involving gas, remember that at STP, 1 mole of gas = 22.4 L, or that there is 1 mol gas/22.4 L. Molarity is used to describe the concentration of a solution.
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Which of the following is a carbon sink?
A. Humans
B. Oceans
C. Burning fossil fuels
D. Livestock.
Answer: The ocean, soil and forests are the world's largest carbon sinks.
Answer:
B.Oceans
Explanation:
the answer is B. oceans
g what is the angle between the carbon-hydrogen bond and the carbon-nitrogen bond in the hydrogen cyanide ( ) molecule?
The angle between the carbon-hydrogen bond and the carbon-nitrogen bond in the hydrogen cyanide ( ) molecule is 180 degrees
The HCN Lewis structure comprises three different atoms: hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen. It is a polar molecule with a bond angle of 180 degrees.Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is a colorless, flammable, and poisonous liquid.
In the HCN Lewis structure, there is a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen and a single bond between C and H.A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. There are two sigma bonds, C-H and C-N.The bond between the C and the N in hydrogen cyanide is a triple bond.The hybrid orbital is sp, due to the linear geometry of the molecule.
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NMR spectroscopy, or ________________________ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is a very important in the determination of organic structures. This technique relies on the interaction of a particular nucleus with a ________________________ field followed by absorption of energy of a specific ________________________, depending on the chemical environment of the nucleus.
NMR spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is very important in the determination of the organic structures. This technique relies on the interaction of a particular nucleus with a magnetic field followed by the absorption of energy of a specific frequency, depending on the chemical environment of the nucleus.
NMR spectroscopy is the use of NMR phenomena to study the physical, chemical, and biological properties of matter. Chemists use it to determine the identity and structure of molecules. Physicians use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a multidimensional NMR imaging technique, for diagnostic purposes.
NMR spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry technique used in quality control to determine the content and purity of organic compounds and the molecular structure of compounds. This technique includes nuclear detection.
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What is the general name of the elements whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and non-metals ?
The general name of the elements whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and non-metals is known as metalloids.
Metalloid, in chemistry, is defined as an imprecise term used to describe a chemical element that forms a simple substance having properties intermediate between those of a typical metal and a typical non-metal. Most commonly used examples of metalloids are arsenic, boron, germanium, silicon, antimony, tellurium and pollanium.
We can identify metalloids in the modern periodic table by locating a zig-zag line which separates metals from non-metals. The borderline elements which are metalloids are - boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po) - This elements exhibit properties similar to both metals and nonmetals and are called metalloids.
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according to valence bond (vb) theory, the carbon atom in formaldehyde (h2co) forms spx hybrid orbitals in order to bond to the surrounding oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. what is the value of x?
The carbon atom in formaldehyde (h2co) forms spx hybrid orbitals in order to bond to the surrounding oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. The value of x is 3.
According to valence bond(VB) theory, the Carbon atom in formaldehyde have sp2 hybrid orbitals in order to bond to the surrounding Oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
Therefore, the value of x is 2.
A2. The bond order of the diatomic molecule Be2 is 0.
The Bond order between Be --Be is zero which indicates there is no bond formation between them and Be2 does not exist in nature.
A3. A molecule is said to be polar if the arrangements of polar bonds leads to the formation of net Dipole moment.
A4. According to Valence bond (VB) theory, the carbon atom in methane has sp3 hybrid orbitals in order to bond to the four surrounding atoms of hydrogen.
Therefore, the value of x is 3.
In solid state physics, the valence and conduction bands are the bands closest to the Fermi level and determine the electrical conductivity of solids. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electronic energies in which electrons normally exist at absolute zero, and the conduction band is the lowest range of unoccupied electronic states. In the diagram of electron band structure of matter, the valence band is below the Fermi level and the conduction band is above the Fermi level.
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How do you predict the charges of ions formed by main group elements?
The predict the charges of ions formed by main group elements is the main group element tend to form cation and anion.
The charge of the element is formed by the gain or loose of the electron. The element of the same group have the same charge of ions. the metal have the tendency to loose the electron and will form the positively charge ion. The non metals have the tendency to gain the electron and form the negative anion.
Thus, the charge of the ion is formed by the main group elements by tendency to loose the electron or gain the electron.
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add curved arrows to the reactants to indicate the movement of electrons in this reaction.
The movement of electrons is always depicted by curved arrows. From the tail to the head, electrons migrate.
What is the point of the curved arrow?The curved arrow's function is to depict the transfer of electrons from one site to another.The majority of the arrows you'll encounter have a double-barb at the head that symbolises the motion of two electrons."Curly arrows" are most frequently used to depict the motion of electron pair.How does stability work?It is more stable for a building to have fewer formal charges than more.The most electronegative atom will hold the negative charge, resulting in the most stable structure.The least electronegative atom will be given a positive charge in the most stable configuration.Learn more about Formal Charge from: https://brainly.com/question/9790241
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sodium hydroxide is added to a groundwater containing 10-4 m mg2 and 10-3 m ca2 . (use the solubility constants on canvas) (a) at what ph will mg(oh)2(s) begin to precipitate? (b) will ca(oh)2(s) precipitate at this ph? (c) at what ph will [mg2 ] be reduced to 10-6 m?
To figure out what concentration of hydroxide anions, OH, would cause the solid to precipitate out of solution, one must utilize the solubility product constant for magnesium hydroxide.
(a) The dissociation equilibrium for magnesium hydroxide is represented by the following equation: Mg ( OH ) 2(s) Mg 2 + (aq)+2 OH (aq)
Ksp, the solubility product constant, will be equal to [Mg 2 +]. ⋅ [ OH − ] 2 the quantity of hydroxide anions to determine the pOH of the solution.
[ OH − ] = √ 1.0 ⋅x10 − 11/ 10-4 = 0.00031
pOH = log ( [ OH] ) pOH = log ( 0.00031 ) = 3.5
pOH + pH = 14 to determine the solution's pH
pH = 14 3.5 = 10.5
(b) Ca(OH)2(s) will precipitate at this pH since it is the same as mg2
(c) Given that [mg2] = 10-6m
[OH ] = 1.0 x10 11/ 10-6 = 0.0031
pOH = log ( [ OH] ] = pOH = log (0.0031 ) = 2.5,
the pH of the solution is pH = 14-2.5 = 11.5
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Does bromine react with acid?
Detailed examination of the reaction of bromate with hydrochloric acid proves that, in the presence of excess of hydrochloric acid, these compounds quickly react forming bromine mono- chloride and elementary chlorine.
Bromine, is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature which has a reactivity between chlorine and iodine. This element is corrosive to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapors irritate eyes and throat. Bromine vapors are very toxic upon inhalation.
A halogen, bromine resembles chlorine chemically but is less active. It is more active than iodine, however. Bromine is slightly soluble in water, and highly soluble in carbon disulfide, aliphatic alcohols (such as methanol), and acetic acid. It bonds easily with many elements and has a strong bleaching action.
Bromine is highly reactive and is a powerful oxidizing agent in the presence of water. It reacts vigorously with amines, alkenes and phenols as well as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and acids (these are brominated by either addition or substitution reactions). With many of the metals and elements, anhydrous bromine is less reactive than wet bromine; however, dry bromine reacts vigorously with aluminium, titanium, mercury as well as alkaline earth metals and alkaline metals.
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2. Fog remains suspended in the air because
they are supported by slight movement in the air
they contain air bubbles
they are charged with static electricity
they are lighter than air
Fog remains suspended in the air because they are supported by slight movement in the air
Why is fog hanging in the air?If the air near the ground cools down enough and is humid and light wind (stable), water vapour in the air may condense into minute water droplets. Near ground level, these raindrops make it harder to see. Fog is the term for the phenomenon.
Is water suspended in fog?Fog is defined as "air that is near to the surface and contains suspended water droplets, typically generated by diabatic cooling" in Understanding Weather and Climate.
How come the fog is so low to the ground?When the air close to the ground cools down sufficiently, the water vapor condenses into liquid water or ice, creating fog. Fog comes in a wide variety of forms. When the air close to the ground is chilly enough, ice fog develops.
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Period of repolarization of the neuron during which it cannot respond to a second stimulus
The period of repolarization is a refractory period
The refractory period of a neuron is the period after the neuron has fired an action potential during which it cannot respond to a second stimulus. This is because the neuron is repolarised, during which the electrical and chemical changes that took place during the action potential are reversed. Once the refractory period has passed, the neuron can then fire another action potential in response to a new stimulus.
The length of the refractory period varies depending on the type of neuron and the specific stimulus that was received. Generally, the refractory period is relatively short, lasting only a few milliseconds. This allows neurons to fire multiple action potentials in rapid succession, enabling the rapid transmission of information throughout the nervous system.
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commercial hydrogen peroxide contains small amounts of organic compounds which are added to stabilize the hydrogen peroxide to slow down the natural decomposition. if these compounds react with permanganate, how will this affect your results? too high? too low? exlplain.
Hydrogen peroxide solutions eventually degrade, and they are typically stabilized by mixing them with acetanilide or other comparable organic compounds.
Heat and oxygen are produced during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and even anomalous decomposition of the peroxide can be easily controlled by appropriately designed product handling and storage systems. The amount of catalase present at any given time determines how quickly the peroxide will break down. A higher pH value and rising temperature both encourage decomposition. Hydrogen peroxide typically has small amounts of phosphoric acid added to it to stop it from breaking down. Potassium permanganate interacts with the hydrogen peroxide when added, creating tiny "pockets" of oxygen. As the pockets of oxygen strike the flame, the reaction becomes more intense, and you hear the cannon fire sound.
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which structural features determine the chemical and physical properties of aldehydes and ketones? select all that apply.
The features are:
-Number of carbons in the molecule
-Presence of an alpha hydrogen
-Presence of a carbonyl group
-Hybridization of the carbonyl carbon
-Presence of a hydrogen attached to the carbonyl carbon
The chemical and physical properties:
1. The functional group: The functional group, either an aldehyde (C=O) or a ketone (C=O) group, determines the chemical and physical properties of aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes and ketones are both part of the family of compounds called carbonyl compounds and they have similar chemical properties due to the presence of the carbonyl group.
2. The size of the carbon chain: The size of the carbon chain of an aldehyde or ketone will also determine its chemical and physical properties. As the carbon chain increases in size, the boiling point of the compound increases, and its solubility in water decreases.
3. The presence of polar functional groups: The presence of polar functional groups attached to the carbon chain will also affect the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones. For example, if a hydroxyl group (–OH) is attached to the carbon chain, the compound will be more soluble in water and its boiling point will be lower.
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xe and kr form compounds with fluorine (xef2 and krf2). no fluorides with he or ne are possible. why? group of answer choices
In large sized noble gas Xenon, the electron attraction to the nucleus is weaker. It reacts with highly electronegative and small sized fluorine. Hence, the valence electron of Xe is attracted by fluorine. This helps in compound formation.
What is noble gas?
The noble gasses (traditionally additionally the inert gasses; on occasion referred to as aerogenes) make up a category of chemical factors with comparable homes; beneath general conditions.The six obviously taking place noble gasses are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Oganesson (Og) is a synthetically produced rather radioactive element. Despite the fact that IUPAC has used the time period "noble fuel" interchangeably with "institution 18" and accordingly covered oganesson, it can not be too chemically noble and is anticipated to interrupt the fashion and be reactive, because of relativistic consequences.To know more about noble gas, click the link given below:
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zn (s) 2 hcl (aq) -----> zncl2 (aq) h2(g) if 520 ml of h2 is collected over water at 28oc and the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 atm, how many g of zn was used at the start of the reaction? (vapor pressure of water at 28oc is 28.3 mmhg).
The Zn that is 1.33 g is used at the start of the reaction where f is 520 ml and h2 collected over water is 28oc and the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 atm.
Given If 520 ml of H2 is gathered over Wate at 28 diploma Celsius and the atmospheric strain is 1 ATM if vapour strain of wate at 28 diploma celsius is 28.three mmhg then the quantity of zn in grams taken at begin of the response is.
We recognise that
h * 2 = PT - P * h * 20 = 1atm - 0.037atm
= 0.963 atm
1 * h * 2 = Ph * 2V / R * T
= 0.963 atm x 0.520 L / 0.0821 L atm/
molK * 301
= 0.02 mol h2
= 0.02molZn
So 0.02 mol Zn x 65.39 g/mol
= 1.33 g Zn
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You have samples of each of the following gases, all at 25 °C and one atmosphere pressure. Which sample has the lowest density?A) AmmoniaB) ArgonC) Carbon dioxideD) Nitrogen dioxideE) Oxygen
Density of a gas depends on the molar mass of gas,hence the gas with lowest molar mass will have the least density.The molar mass of ammonia,argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen are 17.031 g, 39.948 g ,44.01 g , 46.05 g ,32 g hence ammonia has the least density.
What is molar mass?Molar mass of a compound or a molecule is defined as the mass of the elements which are present in it.The molar mass is considered to be a bulk quantity not a molecular quantity. It is often an average of the of the masses at many instances.
The molecular mass and formula mass are used as synonym for the molar mass.It does not depend on the amount of substance which is present in the sample.It has units of gram/mole.
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were there differences between the interaction of soap and shampoo with the salt solutions? explain.
Salt helps in precipitation. This process is called salting out of soap.
The soap formed remains in suspension form in the mixture. Soap is precipitated as a solid from the suspension by adding common salt to the suspension.
Salt helps in removing chemical residues left on the scalp, which can cause itchiness after a coloring treatment.
More commonly, they also help to rebalance and soothe greasy, irritated scalps.
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Which situations describe an elastic collision?
Two glass marbles bounce off each other.
Rodrick flops onto his sofa and sinks into the cushion.
A tossed water balloon flattens when it lands on the grass.
A bowling ball knocks over five pins.
The situation which describes an elastic collision is two glass marbles bounce off each other which is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Elastic collision?This is referred to as the type of collision between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same.
On the other hand, inelastic collision is the type of collision in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies doesn't remain the same as a result of it being transferred to the other body.
Elastic collision is depicted in two objects bouncing off each other as the kinetic energy is not lost while a tossed water balloon flattening when it lands on the grass depicts the transfer of kinetic energy hence such outcome which is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the correct choice.
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the molar enthalpy of solution of a salt that dissolves endothermically in water is measured in a coffee-cup calorimeter by weighing a known amount of distilled water into the cup and measuring its temperature, then adding a known mass of the salt to the water and measuring the temperature after the salt dissolves. if some water is initially present in the cup before the weighed amount of water is added, what is the effect on the experiment?
Answer:
Explanation:
The molar enthalpy of solution of a salt that dissolves endothermically in water is measured in a coffee-cup calorimeter by weighing a known amount of distilled.
The boiling of the solution increases from that of solvent and this effect is called elevation of boiling point. It is a colligative property.
What is calorimetry?Calorimetry is an analytical tool used to measure the heat energy absorbed or evolved from a reaction. The reaction which absorbs energy is called an endothermic reaction.
The reaction which evolves heat energy is called exothermic reaction. The boiling of a substance is an endothermic process. When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent then, the boiling point of the solvent increases from that of pure solvent.
It is a colligative property thus depends on the amount of solvent and solute particles. Here, the addition salt solution gives higher molar enthalpy than that of water.
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how can finding that the pepper moth's color is inherited help explain why the population has changed over time? On the chart at the end of this activity, summarize the evidence and record your interpretation
Pepper moth's dark color suits for the dart surroundings of night and it helps them to hide from their predators. The white peppered moth undergone extinction because the industrial revolution, made their white shelters dark.
What was natural selection for pepper moth?The peppered moth, like many insects, can advantage from blending into its surroundings. This implies that the colors of the bird should complement the trees on which it rests. What would happen then if the trees started to change and the peppered moths lost their ability to fit in?
It could adjust in a variety of ways to these changes. The people might move (to try to find trees that match its color). In addition, the species may have changed over time to adapt to its new environment.
The light moths were blended with light trees. However, the industrial revolution changed the scenarios. It made the tree color dark, where the light moths can be easily catched by their predators. Whereas, the population dark moths increased.
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How do you determine the charge of an element and show an example?
The charge of an element can be determine by the number of electrons an atom gain or loose to become stable.
The charge of an element is determine by going through the periodic table. the atom gain or loose the number of electrons to acquire the stability is the charge of the atom. the metal have tendency to loose the electron and form the positively charged ion. non metal have tendency to gain the electron to become negatively charged ion.
group l = +1 charge
group ll = + 2 charge
group 13 = +3 charge
Thus, the charge of an element can be determine by the number of electron looses or gain by the element.
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What is the trend across a period as atomic number increases?
The trend across a period as atomic number increases, the atomic radius decreases , the ionization enthalpy increases, electronegativity increases, ionic radius decreases.
As we move from left to the right in a period in the periodic table the atomic number increases. the number of shells will remains the same across the period from left to right so the atomic radius decreases. the electronegativity across the period increases as the effective nuclear charge increases the more energy will be provide to remove the electron.
The ionic radius across the period from left to right in the periodic table also decreases as atomic radius decreases.
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Select True or False for each statement: The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature Most solids are more soluble at higher temperature. Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible.
The solubility of a substance is influenced by many factors, including temperature, pressure, and the type of solvent used. Knowing the solubility of a substance can be useful in a variety of applications, such as:
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Sugar is added to the test tube to provide __________ for the yeast. What one word completes the sentence.
To provide food for the yeast, sugar is added to the test tube.
What is yeast?Yeast is a type of fungus that grows as a single cell rather than a mushroom. Although each yeast organism consists of only one cell, yeast cells coexist in multicellular colonies.Yeast is a single-celled microorganism that belongs to the kingdom Fungi.Yeasts feed on sugars and starches, both of which are plentiful in bread dough! They convert this food into energy and, as a result, emit carbon dioxide gas.Yeast maintains the health and balance of your digestive system. The proper amount in your body aids your immune system in its work. Yeast is part of a healthy bacterial mix in your gut. It can aid in the absorption of vitamins and minerals from food, as well as the fight against disease.To learn more about yeast refer to :
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ererererererererererer
Answer:
Rererererererere
Explanation:
unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book for this question. which amount has the greatest mass?
One mole of uranium has a mass in grams identical to the atomic mass of the detail at the Periodic Table. One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 grams.
One mole of uranium has a mass of 238.03 grams. They each have the identical # of atoms, however uranium atoms have extra mass than carbon atoms. Because every detail has a exceptional atomic mass, however, a mole of every detail has a exceptional mass, although it incorporates the identical wide variety of atoms (6.022 × 10 23).
One mole of any detail has a mass in grams identical to the atomic mass of the detail at the Periodic Table. One mole of carbon has a mass of 12.01 grams. One mole of uranium has a mass of 238.03 grams.
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(s) how much excess reactant remains after the combustion of 6.53 moles of ethane gas with 10.6 moles of oxygen gas?
The 3.51 mol of ethane will be excess.
What is combustion?
Burning can also be referred to as combustion. Fuel is heated and interacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction. The three elements of fuel, heat, and oxygen required for combustion are summed up by the fire triangle. A fire extinguishes when one of these items is taken from it.
What is reactant ?
Reactants are the materials that take part in a chemical reaction. The process through which atoms, the fundamental constituents of matter, rearrange themselves to create new combinations is known as a chemical reaction. Raw materials that interact with one another are known as reactants.
6.53 moles of ethane gas
10.6 moles of oxygen gas
The combustion of ethane follows the following reaction
C₂H₆+7/2 0₂ ⇒ 2CO₂+3H₂0
so,⊥ mole of the C₂H₆ needed 7/2 or 3.5 mol 0₂
here 0₂ will be limiting reagent
so, the mole of ethane combust completed = mole of 0₂ / 3.5
= 10.6/3.5
=3.0285
≈3.02 mol
mole of excess reagent = 6.53- 3.02
= 3.51 mol g C₂H₆
so, 3.51 mol of ethane will be excess.
Therefore, 3.51 mol of ethane will be excess.
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