A hypothetical collection of all the possible alleles in a population gene pool . Thus correct option (C).
A gene pool is the collection of all the genes (including alleles) found in a population or species that is capable of reproduction. A big gene pool has a wide range of genetic diversity and is more resilient to environmental stresses.
Primary gene pool, GP-1 is another name for it. The crop species itself, as well as its cultivated races and any wild or weedy spontaneous races are all included in the main gene pool, which is akin to a biological species in and of itself.
All the genes present in a population make up the gene pool. Any population might be included here, including frogs in a pond, trees in a forest, or residents of a town.
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What is a gene pool?
- a hypothetical collection of all the genes that occur in a habitat
- a puddle of water that contains gametes in it
- a hypothetical collection of all the possible alleles in a population
- a collection of all the genes that occur in an individual
write 5 sentences about cellular respiration
Answer:
Cellular Respiration is the process of which energy is created. The body uses starch molecules, which later break down into glucose. This occurs in the digestive system after the molecules travel throught the circulatory system. The oyxgen molecules are taken in through the respiratory system. Oxygen and glucose molecules result in energy release. Once the energy is released, water and carbon dioxide molecules are formed.
what are the three sections of the small intestine and what role does each section play in digestion
Answer:
The three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum receives partly; digested food, acid, and bile. The jejunum and ileum break down food fully.
Explanation:
The duodenum is the primary part of the small gut. The major function of the duodenum is to finish the primary segment of digestion. In this phase of the gut, meals from the stomach are blended with enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. The enzymes and bile assist wreck down meals. The jejunum is among the duodenum (the primary part of the small gut) and the ileum (the remaining part of the small gut). The jejunum enables them to similarly digest meals coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from meals in order that they may be utilized by the body. The ileum enables them to similarly digest meals coming from the stomach and different elements of the small gut. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from meals in order that they may be utilized by the body. The small gut connects the stomach and the colon.
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https://brainly.com/question/7747321________ diseases are those that involve the immune system functioning erroneously, such as when the body mistakes its own healthy cells as invaders.
Autoimmune diseases are those that involve the immune system functioning erroneously, such as when the body mistakes its own healthy cells as invaders.
When a particular adaptive immune response is developed against self antigens, autoimmune disease results. The removal of the antigen from the body is the typical result of an adaptive immune response to a foreign antigen. While soluble antigens are eliminated via the production of immune complexes of antibody and antigen, which are then taken up by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system like macrophages, virus-infected cells, for instance, are destroyed by cytotoxic T cells. However, when an adaptive immune response arises in response to self-antigens, immune effector systems frequently are unable to entirely eradicate the antigen, leading to a persistent response.
T cells that are specific for an antigen are activated to start adaptive immune responses, and this is likely how autoimmunity starts as well. Direct or indirect tissue damage can result from T-cell reactions to self antigens. While incorrect T-cell support for self-reactive B cells can result in damaging autoantibody responses, adequate T-cell responses to cytotoxic T-cell responses and inappropriate TH1 cell activation of macrophages can also cause significant tissue damage.
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What two plate boundaries would potentially create lahars with an explanation
(I really need help so ill give brainliest to the best answer immediately
Answer: Convergent and divergent
a toxin common to all gram-negative bacteria is a. hemolysin. b. coagulase. c. neurotoxin. d. lipid a.
lipids a toxin common to all gram-negative bacteria
The gram-negative bacterium's outer membrane contains endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as various additional exotoxins and enterotoxins that are secreted by other bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall that is encircled by a lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane. Although gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane, they are encased in layers of peptidoglycan that are much thicker than those found in gram-negative bacteria. Exotoxins are produced by bacteria of all gram sizes. An individual exotoxin or a number of exotoxins may be produced by a specific bacterial pathogen. Each exotoxin has a distinct mode of action that is accountable for inducing a distinct disease.
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David is researching caribou for a science project and discovers that they need deep-frozen food.
ice to walk on while looking for food to survive. What are the two earth systems involved
in the interaction of caribou and ice?
A: Biosphere and Atmosphere
B: Atmosphere and geosphere
C: cryosphere and biosphere
D: Geosphere and cryosphere
Cyrosphere and biosphere are the two earth systems involved
Caribou are members of Earth's Biosphere which is an umbrella term for all the living organisms on Earth.
The Cyrosphere refers to any and all areas of the Earth where water is in frozen form.
David learning that Caribou need deep frozen ice to walk on is an interaction of these two systems as it shows a living organism being the Caribou interacting with deep frozen ice which is part of the Cyrosphere.
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the process of removing introns from mrna and putting the remaining exons together occurs in a complex called the .
Some sequences known as intervening sequences, or introns, are removed or "spliced out" as part of this processing process, which is referred to as RNA splicing. Thus, the leftover sequences, known as exons, are what make up the final mRNA. Splicing is what connects these exons to one another.
Splicing is the method of chopping out introns and joining exons back together. Even though the pre-mRNA is still in the nucleus, introns are cut out and broken down. Introns are cut out and exons are rejoined with the accuracy and precision of a single nucleotide thanks to a sequence-specific mechanism called splicing. Splicing is a type of editing that eliminates the introns and only keeps the exons, which are the yellow sections responsible for protein synthesis. At the intron/exon, helper proteins are assembled to start the process of splicing RNA.
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Are gender traits completely a result of societal expectations?
Answer:
No. Gender traits in humans are largely determined by biophysical processes.
when glucagon concentrations rise in the blood, how does carbohydrate metabolism change in the liver.
In particular, glucagon boosts de novo glucose production (gluconeogenesis), enhances hepatic conversion of glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis), and inhibits glycogen synthesis and breakdown (glycolysis) (glycogenesis)
In vivo hepatic glucose production (HGP) during fasting, exercise, and hypoglycemia is primarily regulated by glucagon. Additionally, glucagon contributes to the restriction of hepatic glucose uptake and the development of the hyperglycaemic phenotype linked to insulin resistance and insufficiency.
Upon entering the liver, glucagon encourages the conversion of glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis), encourages the synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis), discourages the creation of glycogen (glycogenesis), and ultimately mobilizes the export of glucose into the bloodstream. In light of this, glucagon offers an essential reaction to hypoglycemia.
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dogs were the first animals to be domesticated. by when were they domesticated? group of answer choices before 15,000 years ago the beginning of the middle paleolithic the lower paleolithic the beginning of the cenozoic
Before 15,000 years ago, the dog was the first animal to be tamed. Dogs were the earliest domesticated animals and the only species that is known to have lived in close quarters with humans during the Pleistocene.
Our ancestors may have had more meat than they could consume, which led to the domestication of dogs. The wolves that hunter-gatherers kept as pets during the ice era may have shared any excess with them. Both the time and the reasons for dog domestication are unknown. Despite various claims to the contrary, the dog was the first animal to be domesticated. Since then, many animals have been domesticated for human uses, such as farming and companionship, including pigs and even honeybees.
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During times of relaxation, the division of the autonomic nervous system utilizes discrete and localized innervation, stimulating only one or a few structures at the same time.a. Trueb. False
The parasympathetic nervous system is the stimulating only one or a few structures at the same time.
(PSNS) is active, it reduces blood pressure, stimulates digestion, and slows our pulse and respiration rates. Our our bodies begin to relax, and rest encourages healing. We get more healthy the extra time we spend in a PSNS condition.
The easy and cardiac muscle tissues and glands are beneathneath the manage of the parasympathetic frightened device (PSNS), a part of the autonomic frightened device (ANS). It helps PSNS feature via way of means of operating in live performance with the sympathetic frightened device (SNS).
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Need help fast!!!!!!!!!!
The best description of how the tree from the image above grows is meristems at the tips of its stems and in a ring surrounding each branch.
The correct answer choice is option b.
What is meant by meristematic tissues?A meristematic tissue simply refers to that plant tissue which has the capacity, ability, and adaptation to actively divide through out its life span. What this means is that this part of plants usually, frequently and most of the time can continue to divide to leads to growth and development of tissue throughout the plant's life.
However, from the c context of the image given in this problem, the meristematic tissues of this tree describes the continual growth of the stems of the plant in a ring surrounding branch.
In conclusion, we can now deduce from the explanation given above that meristems helps plants to divide.
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complete the following sentence correctly. the membrane of a neuron contains many more __________ leak channels than __________ leak channels, and this causes the resting membrane potential to be somewhat near to the equilibrium potential for __________.
The membrane of a neuron contains many more Potassium Ion leak channels than Sodium Ion leak channels, and this causes the resting membrane potential to be somewhat near to the equilibrium potential for concentration gradients leaks.
What is Sodium and potassium Ion Channel?The membrane of a neuron contain many more K leak channels that Na leak channel.The potassium and sodium cations can diffuse down their concentration gradients because the cell has leaky channels that allow them to do so.The number of potassium leakage channels in neurons is significantly higher than that of sodium leakage channels.What is neuron?Neurons are information messengers.They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information between different areas of the brain, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous systemHow is Nerve Impulse conduction occur?Conduction of nerve impulse occurs due to the presence of active and electronic potentials along the conductors.Transmission of signals internally between the cells is achieved through a synapse.Nerve conductors comprise relatively higher membrane resistance and low axial resistance.Learn more about nervous system from brainly.com/question/869589.
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A plant has the following absorption spectrum. Which color is not
easily absorbed?
Red
Blue
Green
Orange
its green.....................
a synaptic knob would be located on a(n): group of answer choices cell body. axon. dendrite. cell body, axon, or dendrite.
On the axon would be a synaptic knob. The axon hillock is the connection between the cell body and the axon.
On the axon of a neuron are synaptic knobs. The axon may contain a lot of synaptic knobs and might be extremely lengthy. They are bulbous terminal endpoints that exchange information with other cells via neurotransmitters, a chemical messenger. By means of synaptic vesicles located within the knob, the synaptic knob releases them.
The functional connection between neurons and other cells in the body is mediated by synaptic knobs. The synapses are in charge of tying together the axons and dendrites of nearby neurons. Between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells, they regulate the information flow.
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The citric acid cycle is a stage of catabolism that oxidizes acetate into carbon dioxide and generates energy. there are eight enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle. Which enzymes produce NADH as a product?a. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseb. succinate dehydrogenasec. malate dehydrogenased. isocitrate dehydrogenase
The enzymes that produce NADH as a product in the citric acid cycle are: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase.
NADH stands for Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen. It is a coenzyme that is involved in generation of energy for the body during different processes. It acts as a reducing agent that donates electron. Its role is also seen in cell death in the body.
Citric Acid Cycle also called the TCA cycle is the part of the aerobic cellular respiration involved in generation of energy. The process occurs in mitochondria where the energy of acetyl CoA is harnessed into NADH. Acetyl CoA gets oxidized in this cycle.
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describe what occurs during nondisjunction and the effect on the resulting cells.
Mitotic nondisjunction can occur when topoisomerase II, condensin, or separase are inactivated. This produces two aneuploid daughter cells, one with 47 chromosomes (2n+1) and the other with 45 (2n-1).
When homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during cell division, this is referred to as nondisjunction. Nondisjunction can occur when a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II, or sister chromatids fail to separate during mitosis. Daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers result from nondisjunction.
When the separation fails, both sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are drawn to the cell's pole, resulting in nondisjunction. A cell division error known as "nondisjunction" is the most common cause of Down syndrome. An embryo has three copies of chromosome 21 rather than the usual two due to nondisjunction. Prior to or during conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes fails to separate in either the sperm or the egg.
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The process in which nitrogen is cycled between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms: _____
The term cardiovascular disease covers abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Weeds, sand, and paper clips would not make good mediums of exchange because they lack the key characteristic of:
Answer:
Scarcity
Explanation:
Scarcity determines the value of an item and all of those items are very common, making them of less value
List the genotypes for the following terms use the letters A and a and any superscripts needed.
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
Carrier for a trait
Colorblind male
Blood type AB
The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
What is the genotype?The genotype expresses the characteristics and their forms found in the DNA. The genotype can express whether the character is dominant or recessive, etc., and it is helpful to express the phenotypic traits. The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
Hence, The genotypes for the purebred recessive is aa, for heterozygous Aa, for carrier the genotype is [tex]X^{A}X^{a}[/tex], for colorblind male [tex]X^{c}Y[/tex] and for the blood type AB the genotype is [tex]I^{a}I^{b}[/tex].
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When mt. st. helen erupted in 1980, all living organisms within the immediate blast zone were killed by the explosion and debris. what type of succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance?
Primary Succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance. Primary succession is defined as succession that begins in an area with no vestiges of a previous community.
An exploding volcano, for example, devastated all neighboring living species in Mount Saint Helens, Washington. Changes in this community will last centuries. The 1980 explosion of Mount St. Helens destroyed around 90 square miles of forest habitat, but it increased the amount of lake and pond habitat fivefold. the fact that there is no such thing as a sprue.
Autopsies revealed that the majority of Mount St. Helens' victims died from asphyxiation caused by inhaling hot volcanic ash, with some dying from thermal and other injuries. Land and civil works were severely damaged as a result of the lateral blast, debris avalanche, mudflows, and flooding.
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from the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of glycolysis. drag each compound to the appropriate bin. if the compound is not involved in glycolysis, drag it to the not input or output bin.
Net Input: ADP, NAD⁺, Glucose Net Output: ATP, NADH and Pyruvate,not input or output: O₂, CO₂, coenzyme A and acetyl CoA.
What are the glycolysis's net inputs and outputs?2 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 2 NAD+, and one glucose are the inputs used in glycolysis.Four ATP, 2 NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen), and two pyruvate molecules are the products of glycolysis.
What are the cellular respiration's net outputs?ATP and H2O are the last byproducts of cellular respiration.2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATPs (a net of two ATP), 2 NADH, & two H2O are produced during glycolysis.
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Describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA
Answer: RNA contains ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA has the nucleobase uracil, but DNA has thymine; DNA is double stranded, but RNA is single stranded
Explanation:
in what ways are the various types of somatic sensory neurons specialized for transmitting certain types of information?
There are various types of somatic sensory neurons specialized for transmitting certain types of information as stimuli are applied to change receptor alters the ionic permeability of the receptor creating generator potentials which triggers an action potential. Most are cutaneous receptors.
The somatic sensory neurons, which consists of sensory and motor neurons, is made up of spinal and cranial nerves. Skin, skeletal muscle, and sensory organs all use sensory neurons to transmit sensory information to the central nervous system. Motor neurons convey the intended movement to the CNS, causing muscles to contract. An animal would be unable to process any environmental information and would be unable to control its motor actions without the sensory-somatic nerve system. Sensory and motor neurons only have one synapse, with one end of the neuron directly touching a CNS cell, in contrast to the autonomic nervous system, which has two synapses between the CNS and the target organ. The primary neurotransmitter released at these synapses is acetylcholine.
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the bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing____ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.
The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing potassium ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell.
The transmission of auditory impulses is the organ of Corti's main purpose. The auditory canal allows sound waves to enter the ear, where they cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. Tympanic membrane movement results in vibrations in the middle ear's three ossicles, which then transmit energy to the cochlea through the oval window. Waves go through the perilymph fluid in the scala tympani and then the scala vestibuli of the cochlea when the oval window moves. The tectorial membrane replaces the basilar membrane, which is situated between the scala media and scala tympani, as fluid passes between these structures.The cochlea's scala media houses an inner ear organ called the organ of Corti (Figure 1A). It is located on the basilar membrane, a hard membrane that divides the scala media from the scala tympani (Figure 1A). Endolymph with a high (150 mM) K+ content is found in the cochlea cavity known as the scala media. The electrical impulses of the auditory hair cells are regulated in part by the endolymph.
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consider an individual with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d, descended from one parent with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d and another parent with genotype a/a b/b c/c d/d. genes a, b, c, and d are present on the same chromosome, in the following order: a, c, b, d (nb: this is not the alphabetical order). what is the minimum number of crossovers that must take place on that chromosome for the individual to generate a gamete with genotype acbd?
An individual having the genotype A a B b C C D d E E might independently create 8 different gametes.
Five genes will be present in each gamete in this scenario. Additionally, there are two possibilities for each of the three genes, A/a, B/b, and Dd, as well as one option for each of the two genes, C and E.By counting the number of heterozygous or dissimilar allele pairs present in the genotype (represented by n) and plugging the value into the expression 2n, which will be equal to 2³ = 8, it is possible to calculate the number of distinct gametes that could be created.Consequently, 8 distinct gametes could develop.
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what is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
Muscle twitch is the word used to describe the contractile response of a single muscle fibre to a single muscle stimulus.
Muscle twitching is also known as muscle fasciculation. The body twitches as a result of tiny muscular contractions. The muscle fibres in your body are controlled by your nerves. Because of stimulation or damage to a neuron, your muscle fibres may constrict.
The majority of muscle twitches are harmless and go unnoticed. You should visit your doctor because they could occasionally be an indication of a neurological system disease.
Numerous distinct circumstances might cause muscles to twitch. Mild, lifestyle-related issues are commonly the causes of minor muscular twitching. More severe muscle twitching, however, typically signifies a dangerous condition.
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In liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. as the signal-transduction pathway progresses, __________.
In liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. as the signal-transduction pathway progresses, the signal is amplified.
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands in response to physical or emotional stressors. In liver cells, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen. This process is known as glycogenolysis. When epinephrine binds to its receptor on the surface of the liver cell, it triggers a signaling cascade that amplifies the signal. This cascade involves the activation of multiple enzymes, such as adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A, which ultimately trigger the glycogenolysis process. As a result, glucose is released from the glycogen molecules and enters the bloodstream, providing the body with a boost of energy. This helps to maintain normal oxygen levels in the body, as well as an adequate supply of glucose for the brain and other organs.
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what is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
A contractile response of an unmarried muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse is known as a muscle twitch. A muscle twitch is the result of an unmarried muscle fiber contracting in response to a motor neuron-stimulating event. when multiple movement potentials are sent, it is known as wave summation.
Muscle contraction begins when the nervous system generates a sign. The single, impulse known as a movement ability, travels via a sort of nerve mobile referred to as a motor neuron. The neuromuscular junction is the cell of the area in which the motor neuron reaches a muscle mobile.
The electrochemical transmission of a single alongside a nerve fiber produces an excitatory or inhibitory response at a goal tissue, which includes a muscle or any other nerve. A "twitch" represents an unmarried muscle contraction in reaction to a single over-threshold stimulus. A sarcomere is the primary contractile unit of a myocyte (muscle fiber).
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