When action potential reaches the end of the axon , it causes neurotransmitter containing vesicles to blend with the membrane, that release neurotransmitter molecules inside synaptic cleft .
In general, electrical impulse from the action potential reaches the end of the axon, this signals terminal buttons also release neurotransmitters into the synapse. A neurotransmitter also have chemical that relays signals across the synapses between neurons.
Hence, the action potential when reaches the axon terminal, the depolarization helps voltage dependent calcium channel to open. The process of neurotransmitter release is called exocytosis.
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Consider the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) Double headed arrow. HI(g) with an equilibrium constant of 46.3 and a reaction quotient of 525. Which direction will the system shift to?
The equilibrium will shift to the left to favor the reactants.
The equilibrium will shift to the right to favor the products.
The equilibrium will not shift in any direction.
The equilibrium will shift to the forward reaction.
The system will shift to backward direction.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is a State which is the opposing force of the influence by the balanced.
The reaction quotient (Q) describes the state of affairs system with respect towards the equilibrium constantly (K), and tells you if a chemical reaction will be the proceed, and if so, in any direction
Relation between K and Q
Case 1: If Q = Kc then that reaction is at equilibrium
Case 2: If Q is greater than Kc then that reaction takes to the place in the backward direction
Case 3: If Q is less than Kc then that reaction takes place in the forward direction
Here Q is greater than K means the equilibrium will shift to the backward direction.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
edge 2023
in a genome-wide expression study using a dna microarray assay, what is each spot used to detect?
Thermogenesis has been studied the plants withinside the genus arum, inclusive of skunk cabbage and the corpse flower.
In those plants, those hypotheses had been supplied to explain the purpose at the back of thermogenesis safety from frost damage leaf manufacturing and photosynthesis.
Thermogenesis, which takes region in specialized tissues such brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is defined because the disposal of strength thru the era of heat.
All metabolic sports concerned in maintaining the organism in a stay situation require obligatory thermogenesis, which takes region in all organs. It additionally consists of the strength used while meals is consumed, digested, and processed (thermic impact of meals, or TEF).
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Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments.
a. True
b. False
Organisms that live on land are fundamentally the same as organisms that live in aquatic environments is false.
An atmosphere isn't stimulated via way of means of latitude, while a biome is stimulated. In an atmosphere, all animals have interaction in trophic interactions of meals chain and chains, while, in a biome, animals do now no longer always interact
There are 5 main forms of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, aleven though a number of those biomes may be in addition divided into extra particular categories, along with freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga. Aquatic biomes encompass each freshwater and marine biomes. Organisms that stay on land are essentially similar to organisms that stay in aquatic environments.
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Many bat species are nocturnal, meaning they are active at dusk or throughout the night rather than during the day. There are more food sources available at night, and there are fewer predators.
Which type of adaptation does this statement describe?
The adaptation this statement describes is behavioral adaptation
Being nocturnal is behavioral adaptation. A behavioral adaptation is action animal performs that makes it better suited for its environment.
One of ways animals are categorized is based on what time of day they are active.
Diurnal animals are out during the daytime when sun is out.
Crepuscular animals are most active at dawn and dusk, and nocturnal animals are active at night after sun has set.
What is Behavioral adaptation?
It is something animal does usually in response to some type of external stimulus in order to survive.
Hibernating during winter is example of a behavioral adaptation.
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a____process that takes place in a cell nucleus and that involves one cell duplicating and dividing.
Mitosis takes place in a cell nucleus and that involves one cell duplicating and dividing.
There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. When people talk about "cell division" they usually mean mitosis, the process of making new cells in the body.Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces egg and sperm cells .
Mitosis is a process fundamental to life. During mitosis, the cell replicates all its contents, including chromosomes, and divides to form her two identical daughter cells. This process is so critical that mitotic steps are carefully controlled by specific genes. Health problems such as cancer can occur when mitosis is not properly regulated.
Another type of cell division, meiosis, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation. This is a two-step process in which the number of chromosomes is halved from 46 to 23 to form sperm and eggs. When the sperm and egg cells combine at conception, each contributes her 23 chromosomes, so the resulting embryo is usually 46. Meiosis also enables genetic variation through the process of gene shuffling that accompanies cell division.
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The bending of a tip link protein leads to depolarization of the hair cell by allowing _____ ions to diffuse across the membrane into the cell
Answer: potassium
Explanation:
select the part whose main job is to sort and package proteins and other substances in an animal cell.
The part of the cell responsible for sorting and packaging proteins and other substances in an animal cell is the Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs that are found near the cell nucleus. It receives proteins and other molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and sorts them into vesicles, which are then transported to their destination within or outside of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is essential for the proper functioning of the cell, as it allows the cell to produce, modify, and distribute a wide variety of molecules.
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gliadin and glutenin make up what protein complex in wheat flours? collagen albumin gluten actin and myosin
In wheat flour, the gluten protein complex is made up of glutenin and gliadin.
The protein complex known as “gluten” found in wheat flour, which can be molded into the dough and possesses the rheological qualities needed to produce leavened bread, makes wheat unique among edible grains. Gliadin and glutenin, two different types of proteins that combine to form the substance known as gluten, are what provide dough stability and give bread its light and airy texture. Gliadin and glutenin both include amino acids that aid in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the two proteins.
Plant water-soluble protein known as albumin contains phytase and oxidative enzymes in its component. Wheat flour does not create proteins. Thus, (A) is untrue.
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What is the term for a wooded area with heavy rainfall and persistent condensation?
A woodland region with constant condensation and heavy rains is referred to as a "cloud forest."
The vegetation of tropical highland regions known as cloud forests, often referred to as montane rainforests, is characterised by heavy rainfall and persistent condensation because of the cooling influence of moisture-rich air currents that are diverted higher by the mountains.
For most of the year, cloud forests, which are typically located between 1,000 and 2,500 metres above sea level, have a layer of clouds at the canopy level. Because of their sensitivity to local climatic conditions, height, and separation from the sea, cloud forest ecosystems are rare around the world.
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if you cross a true-breeding purple flower with a true-breeding white flower, how many of the offspring will have purple flowers? (purple is dominant to white)
Mendel observed that the F1 generation produced by hybridizing true-breeding (P generation) plants only exhibited one trait of a characteristic. For instance, hybrid plants with purple flowers are always produced when a true-breeding purple flower is crossed with a true-breeding white flower.
Although some interspecific hybrids are fertile and true breeding, some are not. The process of hybridization, sometimes referred to as line- or strain-crossing, is the mating of genetically distinct individuals or groups. It can also involve hybridizing individuals from other species. organisms that reproduce exclusively through self-fertilization, called true-breeding variants. He discovered a purple-flower variety, for instance, that, when self-fertilized, invariably produced offspring plants with all purple flowers. Hybrids: the progeny of two distinct true-breeding species. Two parental lines that are homozygous yet as genetically distinct as feasible are crossed to produce hybrid seeds. Higher yields occur as a result of the heterosis effect, which makes the ensuing heterozygous offspring ("hybrids") significantly more productive than both parents.
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A pond contains many different types of organisms. The table below lists some of these organisms and their methods of reproduction
The organism that would most likely survive the change in their environment is Pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction. The correct option is A.
What is genetic variation?Genetic diversity enables an organism to evolve in a way that permits it to adapt to the current or changing environment. Since a Pantala flavescens reproduces sexually, it is the only organism in the group that has the capacity to genetically evolve and adapt to its environment.
All of the remaining creatures reproduce asexually, which results in a lack of internal variation and makes it difficult for them to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Therefore, the correct option is A, Pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
The pond slowly becomes more acidic due to the release of chemicals from a nearby factory. Which of the organisms would most likely
survive the change to their environment?
A.
Pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction
B.Hydra oligactis, because these organisms would have a low level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction
c. Naegleria fowleri, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to asexual reproduction
D.Spirodela polyrhiza, because these organisms would have a low level of genetic variation due to asexual reproduction
Which of the following is NOT a biotic pathogen?
asbestos
pollen
bacteria
virus
The one that is not a biotic pathogen is the asbestos that is present in the first option. Asbestos is an abiotic factor that contributes to a variety of lung and respiratory diseases.
What is an abiotic pathogen?The pathogen is harmful to living animals, humans, and other species, and it causes a variety of diseases, including asbestosis, an abiotic factor that causes a variety of respiratory and other diseases. When the particles of asbestos are inhaled, these particles get stuck in the lungs, respiratory tract, etc. and cause lung disease.
Hence, one that is not a biotic pathogen is the asbestos that is present in the first option.
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why might coral reefs a good place to search for organisms that could be used to develop new drugs? select all that apply.
Yes, Might coral reefs is a good place to search for organisms that could be used to develop new drugs.Life on corals reefs is diverse and concentrated.
They are relatively easy to get to compared to the deep ocean.
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Coral polyps, the animals primarily responsible for building reefs, can take many forms: large reef building colonies, graceful flowing fans, and even small, solitary organisms. Thousands of species of corals have been discovered; some live in warm, shallow, tropical seas and others in the cold, dark depths of the ocean.Coral reefs protect wildlife. Coral needs sunlight to grow. Large reefs are thousands of years old. Coral reefs make the sea bed more stable.They also clean the water.Reefs are important nesting grounds. Coral reefs can treat cancer.Reefs can help to manage global warming.
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Which of the statements is a correct description of the role of enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions?
a. Enzymes provide the necessary activation energy to reach the transition state.
b. Enzymes decrease the ΔG of reactions, making them proceed rapidly.
c. Enzymes increase the ΔG of reactions, making them proceed rapidly.
d. Enzymes stabilize the transition state and decrease its free energy.
Enzymes stabilize the transition state and decrease its free energy is correct statement.
Enzymes form bonds with one or more reactants and reduce the reaction's activation energy need. The function of enzymes is to lower the amount of activation energy required for a reaction to occur. It is well known that enzymes are the ones that accelerate a biological reaction.Temperature increases speed up the activities of enzymes. Since nearly all enzymes are capable of functioning in cells, moderate temperatures are the ideal environment for them. Denaturation of enzymes causes a sharp decline in activity at higher temperatures. Compared to enzymes in crude extracts, purified enzymes denature more quickly in diluted solutions. Enzymes can also become denaturized when they are incubated for extended periods of time. When determining the beginning velocities of such enzyme processes, it is more suitable to use a shorter incubation time.To know more about energy check the below link:
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sequences that are conserved, that is, similar in many different organisms, are unlikely to be functionally important. t or f
False . sequences that are conserved, that is, similar in many different organisms, are unlikely to be functionally important
In biology, an organism is any natural, living organism that functions as an individual entity. Organisms are composed of cells. Organisms are categorized by way of taxonomy into corporations which include multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms including protists, bacteria, and archaea.
Residing matters are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protest, and monera.
An organism is defined as an entity with existence. Each living thing and non-living thing are basically made of molecules. But, a living issue can be identified from an inanimate item by way of its distinctive traits. as an example, an organism is made up of 1 or greater cells.
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If you made a change in the dna of a promoter sequence that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the rna level?
Answer:
nothing, the RNA would be made as usual
The sweat glands are a major organ of the integumentary system. What is the function of the sweat glands?
A. Rid the body of waste
B. Move materials around the body
C. Regulate body growth
D. Fight off foreign invaders
which of the following explains why caffeine crashes occur? (a) metabolism of caffeine leads to reduced levels of adenosine. (b) caffeine accelerates accumulation of adenosine and thus sleep pressure. (c) caffeine rapidly removes accumulated adenosine. (d) accumulated adenosine rushes to their receptors after caffeine gets metabolized. (e) all of the above.
Caffeine crashes occur because accumulated adenosine rushes to their receptors after caffeine gets metabolized.
By boosting brain activity, caffeine stimulates your neurological system, improving focus and cognition while postponing exhaustion. Low to moderate caffeine dosages of 20–200 mg can cause these effects. On average, they appear 60 minutes after consumption and continue for 5 hours.
It's typical to feel less awake or concentrated after the energizing effects subside. However, a caffeine crash or dependence may be indicated by excessive fatigue, a lack of focus, irritability, or a headache.
Lack of sleep, ingesting coffee too soon before night, or consuming too much can all cause a caffeine crash. Depending on specific conditions, the symptoms might be moderate to severe and linger for hours to a week.
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For which element are the number of protons, electron, and neutrons are 36, 36, and 48 respectively?.
The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons is 36, 36, and 48 respectively is the element's atomic notation of krypton.
What are protons?Krypton's atomic number is 36. This tells us that an atom of krypton has 36 protons in its nucleus. The number of electrons is equal numbers of protons and electrons. The Number of neutrons is total number of particles in an atom's nucleus, equation becomes mass number (84) = (number of protons(36)) + (number of neutrons(48)).Protons are particles that make up atoms that are positively charged and have a mass as large as that of hydrogen, which is 1.67262 x 10^-27 kg or 1,836 times heavier than electrons. Protons are so deep in the atomic nucleus that they cannot be disturbed by particles outside the atom. This causes the proton to be a stable sub-particle of the atom.Meanwhile, electrons are atomic sub-particles that have a negative electrical charge and are the lightest among other sub-particles.
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how many dna molecules would there be after four rounds of pcr if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?
At the end of four rounds of PCR, there will be 32 molecules of DNA, if initially there were two.
PCR is a molecular technique that stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It is used to make millions of copies of even a small portion of DNA. The technique was developed by Kary Mullis in the year 1980. The process of making DNA copies is carried out in three steps: denaturation, annealing and extension.
DNA is the majorly found form of genetic material. It is a type of nucleic acid. It is more stable than RNA and hence in majorly present. The structure of DNA is a double stranded molecule helical in shape with anti-parallel strands.
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place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells.
1) increased pressure in perilymph of Scala vestibuli 2) pressure wave depresses basilar membrane 3) inner hair cells move closer to tectorial membrane 4) stereocilia bend 5) tip-link proteins open K+ channels 6) K+ ions enter the hair cell that causes depolarization
What are oval windows?Membrane-covered opening from middle ear to the cochlea of the inner ear is oval widow . Sound waves causes vibration of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles transmit those vibrations to oval window, which leads to movement of fluid in the cochlea and activation of receptors for hearing.
The oval window (OW) is also known as the fenestra vestibuli or fenestra ovalis. It is bounded superiorly by prominence of the tympanic segment of the facial canal that is situated just above the superior edge of the oval window.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. here is the complete question.
Question: Place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells.
Rank the options below
- Basilar membrane moves up and down
- Potassium ions enter hair cell causing depolarization
- Inner hair cell are pushed again the tectorial membrane
- Oval window vibrates
- Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the Scala vestibule
- Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open potassium channels
Approximately how long after the big bang did the era of nucleosynthesis end, marking the time when the basic chemical composition of the universe was determined?
The era of nucleosynthesis ended approximately 5 minutes after the Big bang.
At this time, the universe started cooling until the temperature was cool enough for the protons and neutrons to form hydrogen nuclei. This explains why it is called nucleosynthesis.
It is during this period that the basic hydrogen nuclei were formed from the combination of protons and neutrons.
Electrons were formed a few seconds before the formation of the protons and neutrons. This era basically marked the onset of basic chemical interactions of the early components of the universe.
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If a diploid organism has 24 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many chromosomes will it have at the end of meiosis II?
Answer:
12 chromosomes
Explanation:
If a cell has 24 chromosomes before cell division then daughter cell resulting from mitotic division will have 24 chromosomes while daughter cell resulting from the meiotic division will contain 12 chromosomes each.
At which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body attempts to repair any damage and return to a condition of stability and equilibrium?
The body enters the second stage, resistance, after this initial shock.The body makes an effort to fix any harm and achieve stability and equilibrium.
What is General Adaptation Syndrome Stage 2?Stage 2: resistanceThe body starts to heal itself following the initial surprise of a stressful incident and has a fight-or-flight response.Your blood pressure and heart rate start to return to normal as a result of the decreased cortisol release.
What transpires during General Adaptation Syndrome Phase 1?The initial phase of global adaption syndrome is this.Your body is now signaling your brain that it is in trouble.Glucocorticoids and adrenaline, sometimes referred to as your "fight or flight" hormones, are released by the body as a result of the brain's message to it.
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What is the simplest formula of a solid containing a, b, and c atoms in a cubic lattice in which the a atoms occupy the corners, the b atoms the body-center position, and the c atoms the faces of the unit cell?.
The simplest formula for a solid containing a, b, and c atoms in a cubic lattice with a atoms occupying the corners, b atoms occupying central positions, and c atoms occupying the faces of the unit cell is abc₃ the correct answer is C.
simplest formula or we can callit unit cell can be calculate as follows:
a atom
It has 8 vertices, each containing an a atom.
number of a atoms = 8 × ⅛
atomic number = 1
b atom
It has a b atom in the center.
c atom
It has six faces, each containing a C atom.
number of a atoms = 6 × ½
number of carbon atoms = 3
So the simplest expression is abc₃.
your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
What is the simplest formula of a solid containing a, b, and c atoms in a cubic lattice in which the a atoms occupy the corners, the b atoms the body-center position, and the c atoms the faces of the unit cell?
a. a₄bc₃
b. abc₆
c. abc₃
d. abc
e. a₈bc₆
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glycogen synthase catalyzes glycogen synthesis. determine whether each of the following are associated with an increase or decrease in glycogen synthase activity.
a. Increased glycogen synthase activity:
b. Decreased glycogen synthase activity:
1) activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase PP1
2) Phosphorylation (inactivation) of phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by PKA
3) Subunit dissociation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)
4) Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
5) Insulin
6) Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK, or GSK3)
Some point in increasing or decreasing glycogen synthase activity.
Increased glycogen synthase activity:
Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK, or GSK3).activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase PP1.InsulinDecreased glycogen synthase activity:
Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase.Phosphorylation (inactivation) of phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by PKA.Subunit dissociation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).Insulin and glucagon are counter-regulatory hormones and thus have opposing effects on the level of glycogen synthase phosphorylation. When glucagon binds to receptors on hepatocytes there is a resultant increase in cAMP and a concomitant increase in PKA activity.
PKA results in phosphorylate glycogen synthase at least four different sites. In addition, PKA activity results in increased phosphorylase kinase activity on the glycogen synthase phosphorylate at one of the same sites as PKA. Insulin in PKA increases the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase which hydrolyzes AMP thereby reducing the level of active PKA.
Insulin also exerts a negative effect on GSK-3 activity such as a decrease in the level of glycogen synthase phosphorylation by kinases.
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An analogy is a similarity due to convergent evolution, resulting in similar adaptations. True or False.
True, an analogy is a similarity due to convergent evolution, resulting in similar adaptations.
Convergent evolution is the process through which organisms from distinct evolutionary lineages adapt in comparable ways as a result of being subjected to similar environmental forces and undergoing natural selection.
There are three different interpretations of the edition that pertain to biology. To begin, the dynamic evolutionary process of natural choice is by far the most important factor in adapting organisms to their environments, which in turn enhances their evolutionary success. Second, it is a nation that the population has not yet reached in that way. Thus the statement is true.
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Which of the following statements is not used to define science?
a) Science is testable
b) Science is a process
c) Science seeks confirmation
d) Science refers to the body of knowledge that scientists have gathered over the years
Answer: b
Explanation:
somatic hypermutation occurs only in the ________ regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.
Somatic hypermutation occurs only in the heterologous antigen. regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.
Somatic hypermutation is a cellular mechanism by which the immune system adapts to new foreign elements faced by it, as seen in class-switching elements when changing classes.
Somatic hypermutation is a process by which point mutations in both the heavy and light chain V regions of antibodies accumulate at a rate approximately 106-fold higher than the background mutation rate observed in other genes.
Affinity maturation is the process by which antibodies increase affinity, avidity, and antipathogen activity, and is the result of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in B cells, coupled with antigen-binding selection.
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How does sexual reproduction result in offspring that are genetically different from both parents?.
Answer: independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis, and random union of gametes during fertilization
Explanation: