Weighing a Bacterium Scientists are using tiny, nanoscale cantilevers 4 micrometers long and 500 nanometers wide-essentially miniature diving boards-as a sensitive way to measure mass. The cantilevers oscillate up and down with a frequency that depends on the mass placed near the tip, and a laser beam is used to measure the frequency. A single E. coli bacterium was measured to have a mass of 710 femtograms = 7.10×10−16 kg with this device, as the cantilever oscillated with a frequency of 17.1 MHz .Required:Treating the cantilever as an ideal, massless spring, find its effective force constant.

The oxygen molecule will take 8.33 X 10⁷ s to diffuse in blood to travel a distance of 1 m and it will take 1.33 X 10⁷ s for oxygen molecule to diffuse across a capillary that has a diameter of 40 μm.

(a) The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in blood = D = 2 X 10⁻⁵ cm²/s

The distance moves by an oxygen molecules in blood = x = 1 m = 100 cm

Time taken by the blood to diffuse = t

The expression for the diffusion in three dimension is:

= t = x² / 6D

= t = 100 X 100 / 6 X 2 X 10⁻⁵

= t = 8.33 X 10⁷ s

(b) The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in blood = D = 2 X 10⁻⁵ cm²/s

The distance moves by an oxygen molecules in blood = x = 40 μm  

Time taken by the blood to diffuse = t

The expression for the diffusion in three dimension is:

= t = x² / 6D

= t = 40 X 40 / 6 X 2 X 10⁻⁵

= t = 1600 / 12 X 10⁻⁵

= t = 133.33 X 10⁵

= t = 1.33 X 10⁷ s

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Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), another technique, involves taking measurements while an electric current is passing through the body's water and fat tissues [14, 15, 16, 17].

Bioelectric impedance analysis, or BIA, is a common method of operation for these kinds of scales. By passing a tiny electrical current through the body, BIA calculates body composition [5]. The scale then measures the body's resistance to the current and determines what proportion of the body is made up of fat using that measurement. A weak electrical current is passed through the body using the bioelectrical impedance (BI) technique. Because it contains fewer water and electrolytes than lean muscle, body fat slows the flow of electricity. Considering that hydration is normal, the measurement of body fat is precise.

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The tension on the wire that having a density of 2700 kg/m³ with a diameter of 4.6 mm and propagate at 25 m/s = 28.12 N

In this case, the density of aluminum is 2700 kg/m³ but we don't have the speed and the diameter of the aluminum.

So, let's solve it using just sample numbers.

To determine the tension on the wire, we can use the following equation:

T = v²μ

Where,

T = tension on the wire (N)

v = the speed of the wire (m/s)

μ = mass per unit length of the wire (kg/m)

Find the area of the aluminum wire first,

A = [tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex][tex]\pi[/tex]d²

= [tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex][tex]\pi[/tex](4.6 x 10⁻³)²

= 1.66 x 10⁻⁵ m²

And, the mass per unit length of the wire:

μ = ρA

= (2700) (1.66 x 10⁻⁵)

= 0.045 kg/m

So, the tension on the wire is:

T = v²μ

= (25)² (0.045)

= 28.12 N

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Is for Carnot engine to have an efficiency of 1, i.e.  100 %, either T2 (temperature of the sink) should be zero or T1 (temperature of the source) should be infinite.

There is no perfect source since it is impossible to achieve 100% efficiency because a portion of the heat from the source must be used to overcome resistance from the environment and other forces.

The efficiency of a steam generator cannot be 100% since it is impossible to reach absolute zero or infinite temperatures in real life.

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Using observations of the atomic hydrogen 21 cm line rotation curves of spiral galaxies determined beyond radii where starlight can be detected.

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The resultant acceleration of the object is 4.55 m/s².

The mass of the object is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion as shown below.

F = ma

m = F / a

where;

m = (10, 000 N ) / (8.19 m/s²)

m = 1,221 kg

when the mass changes by a factor of 1.8, the new mass becomes;

m' = 1.8 x 1,221 kg

m' = 2,197.8 kg

The resultant acceleration becomes;

a = F / m

a = (10, 000 N ) / (2, 197.8 kg)

a = 4.55 m/s²

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If a jumbo jet has a mass of 100,000 kg  and thrust for each of its four engines is 50,000 n, so the acceleration is 2 m/s².

From the question, we are told that

A jumbo jet has a mass of mj = 100,000 kg

The thrust is given F = 50,000 N

Due to  four engines  4 x F

Ft  =  4  x  50,000 n = 200000N

Acceleration = Ft/m

Substituting values = 2N/kg

N = kg. m/s²

So, a = 2 kg. m/s²/kg

Therefore, jet's acceleration when taking off is 2 m/s².

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The kinetic energy of the bike and rider while traveling at a speed of 25.1 km/h is  18,975 joule

 Kinetic energy K = (1/2)mv²  = 0.5 x 60.24x(25.1)² =18,975joule

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. If we want to accelerate an object, then we must apply a force. Applying a force requires us to do work. After work has been done, energy has been transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed.Kinetic energy is energy possessed by an object in motion. The earth revolving around the sun, you walking down the street, and molecules moving in space all have kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and to the square of its velocity

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The magnitude of the acceleration of the spherical shell with mass 2.25kg rolls down a slope with 38.0 degrees angle is 36.2m/s².

Please refer to the picture attached bellow for better understanding.

From the case we know that:

m = 2.25kg

θ = 38°

I spherical shell = 2/3MR²

We know that based on the Second Law of Newton, the spherical shell will be move along with the slope axis. Hence:

∑F = m.a

Wy - f = m.a

m.g.sinθ - f = m.a ... (i)

We also know that the friction force causes the spherical shell to rotate while falling down the slope. We use the torque concept:

τ = Iα

f.R = Iα

fR = 2/3MR²(a/R)

f = 2/3ma ... (ii)

We will subtitute the equation (ii) into equation (i) to find the value of the magnitude of the acceleration (a):

m.g.sinθ - f = m.a

m.g.sinθ - 2/3m.a = m.a

m.g.sinθ = 5/3m.a

a = 3/5 g.sinθ

a = 36.2 m/s²

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Complete Question:

A hollow spherical shell with mass 2.25kg rolls without slipping down a slope that makes an angle of 38.0 degrees with the horizontal.

Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass of the spherical shell. Take the free fall acceleration to be g = 9.80m/s²

Horizontal distance the base of the cliff does it strike the level ground below traveled is  138.564 m (r1/r2 = 1/3.)

Here Vertical component of Velocity = 800*sin(30) = 400 m/sec

s = ut + 0.5*g*t62

80 = 400t + 4.9t^2

t = 0.2 sec

Horizontal Component of velocity = 800*cos(30) = 692.82 m/sec

Therefore, Horizontal distance traveled = 692.82*0.2 = 138.564 m

When we give something a beginning velocity, we call that thing a projectile, and gravity has an impact on that thing. Horizontal range is the length of the horizontal axis for a projectile. It would also move before returning to the original vertical position. The horizontal range then depends on the launch angle (theta), initial velocity (V 0), and gravitational acceleration. When we throw or project an object, it becomes a projectile and is in motion. When a projectile moves, only one acceleration is present, and it is directed vertically. The acceleration brought on by gravity, in other words (g). Both the X-Axis and the Y-Axis can be used with the motion equations separately.

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The earth is a sphere and the way, we can prove it , is attached in answer.

This are the two practical prove of spherical shape of earth.

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Angular momentum is unchanged, but kinetic energy increases.

i) But there is no violation of conservation of energy

ii) There is a positive, net change in mechanical energy, because

The student does the work on the merry-go-round.

iii) origin of the energy is rotational motion.

According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can, however, be converted from one form to another. When all forms of energy are considered, the overall energy of an isolated system remains constant. The law of energy conservation applies to all kinds of energy. In summary, the law of energy conservation asserts that

The total energy of a closed system, that is, a system that is separated from its surroundings, is preserved.

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It is the potential energy stored in spring when it is stretched or deformed. It is equal to force multiplied by displacement. This energy is stored in the spring by virtue of its position. It is the work done to stretch the spring.

When spring is stretched, it undergoes displacement. It comes to its equilibrium position when force is removed. So, it exerts an equal and opposite force When it is stretched. Work is done by this force that is stored in the form of potential energy.

Since potential energy = force × displacement

and, force = spring constant × displacement

So, potential energy = spring constant × [tex](displacement)^{2}[/tex]

P.E. = k ×[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

Where,

k = spring constant

x = displacement caused due to stretching

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The wavelength of 6 x 10⁻⁷m is expected when frequency is 5 x 10¹⁴.

If the equations are different, the impact is huge. And the accumulation of matter consistent with the existence of life is wrong. That's one reason why it isn't. The Anthropic Principle states that in a universe incompatible with life, no life is arguing about it. When there are many universes, we occupy only the universe that nourishes us.

If our universe had 4 spatial dimensions (on our life scale), the equation would be 1/R. But every time we pass the jackhammer, we are reminded that our scale only has three spatial dimensions. The inverse square equation is not about the forces that follow it. The equations are about the nature of space (not space-time, just space, by the way).

E=hv

E=hc/y

v=c/y

y=c/v

y=3 x 10⁸/5 x 10¹⁴=6 x 10⁻⁷m

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Either 15- or 20-amp receptacles can be powered by a 20-amp circuit. Receptacles connected to a branch circuit with a 30 amp rating.

An electric circuit is a path that current can travel. An electric circuit is made up of a battery or generator, an apparatus that provides power to the charged particles that make up the current, an apparatus that uses the current, such as a lamp, an electric motor, or a computer, and the connecting wires or transmission lines. Two fundamental laws that quantitatively describe the operation of electric circuits are Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law. Circuits in parallel and series. Electric circuits can be divided into a number of categories. Direct current only flows in one direction in a circuit. An alternating-current circuit transmits current that pulses back and forth repeatedly every second, much like the majority of domestic circuits.

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Adding more insulation to a home's attic is a simple approach to save heating bills. Consider that the attic and all outside surfaces of the home already have 15 cm of fiberglass insulation. The cost of heating would drop by 12%.

Don't make as many car excursions as you normally would. Cut back on, or stop using, wood stoves and fireplaces. Be careful not to burn rubbish, leaves, or other items. Use electric lawn and garden tools instead of gas-powered ones.

Touching fiberglass shouldn't have an adverse long-term health consequence. As a result of fiberglass exposure, eyes may become red and itchy. Inflammation of the throat and nose.

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The difference between a dental X-ray examination and the bright lights of the exam room lies in the type of radiation emitted. During a dental X-ray examination, the X-ray source emits ionizing radiation, which can be harmful if a person is exposed to it for too long.

This is why the person giving the X-ray examination will leave the room while the X-ray source is active. The bright lights of the exam room, on the other hand, emit non-ionizing radiation, which is not as harmful and can be safely exposed to without any special precautions.

The type of radiation emitted is an important factor when considering safety precautions. Ionizing radiation can be dangerous, so it is important to take the necessary steps to protect oneself from it. Non-ionizing radiation, on the other hand, is not as dangerous and can be safely exposed to without taking any special precautions. This is why the person giving the X-ray examination will leave the room while the X-ray source is active, but dental office workers do not take similar precautions against the bright lights of the exam room.

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The frequency of a wave is  20Hertz if its speed is 0.4m/sec and wavelength is 0.02meter.

For electromagnetic wave ,we know an expression

c=ν × λ

where c is the defined as the speed of wave  in any medium,

ν is  defined as the frequency of the wave and

λ is defined as the  wavelength of the wave.

Frequency is the amount of occasions of a reiterating event for each unit of time. It is similarly once in a while suggested as common repeat for clarity, and is undeniable from dashing repeat. Frequency is assessed in Hertz (Hz) which is comparable to one event each second. The period is the time span between events, so the period is the relating of the recurrence.

Now, according to given formula we get

=>0.4 = v×0.02

=>v=0.4/0.02

=>v=40/2sec

=>v=20/sec or

=>v=20Hertz.

Hence, frequency of a wave is 20Hertz.

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a. The width (in mm) of the central interference maximum is 8 mm

b. The width of the first-order bright fringe is 8mm

we are given the information that Coherent light with wavelength 400 nm passes through two very narrow slits that are separated by 0.200 mm, and the interference pattern is observed on a screen 4.00 m from the slits. Since we know that:

Sinθ≈θ=(m+1/2)λ/d, where d is the distance,  λ is the wavelength and  the vertical distance y(m) from the central maximum to the mth minima can be defined as

tanθ≈θ=y(m)/D

solving the above equation we get :

y(m)=(m+12)λD/dy(m), for the width of the central maximum for the distance between the m=0 and m=-1 minima:

y(0)−y(1)=(1/2)λD/d−(−1/2)λD/d

=λD/d

=(400×10−9m)(4m)/2×10−4m = 0.008m=8mm

Since y(0)−y(−1) is  is independent of m.  So,  the distance between adjacent minima is  always the same and the width of the first-order bright fringe  will be :

y(1)−y(0)=8mm

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By the time helium could survive, the temperature had become too low for heavier elements to form.

A Big Bang event is a physical theory that explains how the universe expands from a dense and hot initial state. [1] Various cosmological models of the Big Bang describe the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known epochs to subsequent large-scale forms.These The model comprehensively explains a wide range of observed phenomena, including light element abundance, cosmic microwave background (CMB), and large-scale structure. The general uniformity of the universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained by cosmic inflation. This is a sudden and very rapid expansion of space at the initial moment. But physics currently lacks a generally accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the early states of the Big Bang.

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Answer:

a) twice the mass and was moving at the same speed?

c) one-half the mass and was moving with twice the speed?

Explanation:

New KE = 248 Joules. Thus, in case of the same speed and twice the mass, the new kinetic energy will be 248 Joules.

Answer: i think A and C

Explanation:

The key difference between infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation is that the wavelength of infrared radiation is longer than that of visible light, whereas wavelength of ultraviolet radiation is shorter than the wavelength of visible light.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

Ultraviolet radiation is more energetic than infrared. They have shorter wavelength and higher frequency.

Infrared waves have a wavelength 1000 times longer than ultraviolet waves and lower energy and frequency.

The majority of the infrared radiation on the earth comes from the sun. It is widely used in the night vision goggles.

Ultraviolet rays cause skin tanning and burns. Hot materials that are in space also emit UV radiations.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is, what is the difference between infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation?

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Answer:

Acoustics is the study of sound and how it behaves in different environments. The term can refer to the characteristics of a room or other space that affect how sound behaves in it, such as its size, shape, and the materials it is made of. These characteristics can affect the way sound waves behave and how they are perceived by people.

The Doppler effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a sound wave source is moving relative to an observer. It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who first described it in 1842. The effect causes the observed frequency of the sound wave to be higher or lower than the actual frequency of the source, depending on whether the source is moving toward or away from the observer.

The acoustics of a space can affect the Doppler effect in several ways. For example, the size and shape of a room can determine how long it takes for sound waves to travel from the source to the observer, which can affect the perceived frequency of the sound. The materials that a room is made of can also affect the way sound waves behave, such as by reflecting or absorbing them. This can affect the perceived loudness and clarity of the sound.

Overall, the acoustics of a space can play a role in how the Doppler effect is perceived by people. It is important to consider the acoustics of a space when studying the Doppler effect in order to understand how it may be affected by the characteristics of the environment.

Explanation:

Answer: Un objeto verde aparece negro con cualquier otra luz que no sea verde

Explanation:

Aluminum has the largest buoyant force on it.

The buoyant force is an upward force that an object will experience whether it is fully or partially submerged in a fluid. This upward thrust also goes by the name of upthrust. Because of the buoyant force, an object that is partially or completely submerged in a fluid seems to weigh less or to be lighter.

The fluid is pushing up on the submerged object with this force. Examples of buoyant force include a fish hovering in the middle of the ocean, a ship floating in the middle of the sea, and an anchor that sinks when dropped into the water.

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The wavelength of the laser is 19.4 nm and the average power delivered to the eye during a pulse is  50000 W.

(a) The energy of a laser pulse in terms of number of photons is =

= E = N X (hc / λ)

Where,

λ = wavelength

N = Number of photons in each laser pulse

h = Planck constant

c = Speed of light

We need to find the wavelength, then re-arrange the equation

= λ = N X (hc / E)

Converting the unit the energy from J to eV, we have,

= E = 1 X 10⁻³ [ 1 eV / 1.6 X 10⁻¹⁹ ]

= E = 6.25 X 10¹⁵ eV

Replacing,

= λ = N X (hc / E)

= λ = [ ( 9.7 X 10¹⁴ X 4.136 X 10⁻¹⁵ X 3 X 10⁸ ) /  6.25 X 10¹⁵ ]

= λ = 19.4 nm

(b) Energy = E = 1 mJ

Time = t = 20 ns

Thus, average power = p =

= p = E/t

= p = 1 X 10⁻³ / 20 X 10⁻⁹

= p = 0.05 X 10⁶

= p = 50000 W

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the de broglie wavelength of these electrons is 1.227   A˚

 V=32 volts

de-Broglie wavelength of electron     λ= 2meV​ h

​ ∴    λ= 2(9.1×10 −31)(1.6×10 −19 )(100)​ 6.6×10 −34

​ Or     λ= 5.4×10 −10

6.6×10 −34

  m⟹   λ=1.227×10 −10

m=1.227   A˚

De Broglie wavelength is a term used to describe the wavelength () that is connected to an item in relation to its momentum and mass. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is often inversely related to its force. A particle's de Broglie wavelength reveals the length scale at which wave-like characteristics are significant for that particle. The letters or dB are frequently used to denote the De Broglie wavelength. The de Broglie wavelength for a particle with momentum p is given by the formula: dB = hp, where h is the Planck constant.

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The frequency of the sound wave is found to be 200Hz.

The wavelength of the sound wave is 1.7 M and it is travelling with a speed of 340m/s.

The relationship between the frequency of a wave, speed of the wave and the wavelength of the wave is given by,

v = fy

Where,

V is the speed of the wave,

f is the frequency of the wave,

y is the wavelength of the wave.

Now, assigning all the values to the respective terms,

We get,

340 = f(1.7)

f = 200 Hz.

So, the frequency of the sound wave is 200Hz.

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Total surface area = 3/2 * area of an old radiator.

Solution:

K = [tex]\frac{Qd}{A*changeinT}[/tex]

change in T =  ΔT  

Therefore New Area  ( A ) = 3/2 * area of the old radiator.

If you need faster cooling rates, replacing the rubber hoses with silicone hoses is one option. These can withstand higher heat, are less likely to break over time, and last longer. Apart from that, you can also upgrade the radiator fan and shroud to help with cooling. The radiator is an important component of the engine's cooling system.

Its main role is to spread the antifreeze/water mixture around the fins, letting off some of the engine's heat while drawing in the cool air before it passes through the rest of the engine. Replacing your home's radiator has a variety of benefits, and many properties will benefit from this.

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With the use of formula, 1,088 K can be expressed as 815 °C in degrees Celsius and 1499 °F in degrees Fahrenheit

Temperature can be defined as a measure of hotness and coldness. The instrument for measuring temperature is thermometer.

Given that one of the most deadly features of an erupting volcano is an avalanche of hot ash and gas called a pyroclastic flow. A pyroclastic flow can move at a speed of over 160 km/h and can have a temperature of 1,088 K.

The temperature in degrees Celsius we be known by using the equation

T = 273 + C

Where T is in Kelvin and C is degrees Celsius

1088 = 273 + C

Make C the subject of formula

C = 1088 - 273

C = 815 °C

The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit we be known by using the formula

F = ( C × 9/5) + 32

F = ( 815 × 9/5) + 32

F = 1467 + 32

F = 1499 °F

Therefore, temperature in degrees Celsius is 815 °C and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is 1499 °F

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