The female athlete triad consists of three conditions, including low energy availability/level, low bone density, and (a) amenorrhea (menstrual disruption).
Female athlete triad is a syndrome especially observed in female athletes. The main cause of the syndrome is energy imbalance. The athletes use more energy than they consume which results in the triad.
Amenorrhea is the condition of missing the menstrual cycle. It also has a subpart called primary amenorrhea where a girl does not have her menstruation begin till the age of 15. It is also accompanied by some other symptoms like excess facial hair, hair loss, headache, lack of breast development, etc.
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after forest clearance, secondary succession of farmland back to a mature oak/hickory climax forest generally requires: a. a few decades b. about one millennium c. a few years d. about one century
Secondary succession starts when a disturbance (such as wind storms, insect outbreaks, logging, avalanches, bulldozers, or fire) leaves the soil intact and takes a few decades.
Seeds, spores, and roots usually remain as well. Sites that begin with secondary succession reach the next stage more quickly than during primary succession. Forest ecologists recognize four phases of forest succession, or what is sometimes called forest development. These phases are: (i) stand initiation, (ii) stem exclusion, (iii) understory reinitiation, and (iv) steady state.
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a population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. the gene of interest has two alleles, with 16% of the population portraying the recessive phenotype. which percentage of the population is heterozygous?
The proportion of the population who will be heterozygous carriers of the recessive allele is 0.48 according to the hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a population are consistent and stable throughout generations. The gene pool, or the total number of genes and alleles in a population, does not change over time. We refer to this as genetic equilibrium. The sum of all allelic frequencies equals one.
For instance, specific frequencies can be given names like p, q, etc. P and Q stand for the frequency of allele A and allele an in a diploid.
In a population, p2 is the proportion of AA people. The likelihood that an allele A with a frequency of p exists on both chromosomes of a diploid individual is just the product of the probabilities of p2. This is how it is also known.
Similar to this, aa's is q2 and aa's is 2pq.
Consequently, the binomial expansion of (p+q)2 is p2+2pq+q=1, or 1.
q²= 16
q²= 16/100= 0.16
q= 0.4
p= 1-0.4= 0.6
2pq= 2(0.4)(0.6)= 0.48
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Increasing permeability of the membrane to potassium (opening K+ channels) will have what effect on the membrane potential? The membrane potential will become more negative. The membrane potential will become more positive.The membrane potential will drift toward zero and remain there. The membrane potential will not change.
Increasing potassium permeability across the membrane makes the membrane more negative.
Since the intracellular environment has a net negative charge and potassium is a positively charged ion, increasing the permeability of the membrane makes it more negative.
The high potassium permeability of the apical membrane promotes potassium secretion and has a repolarizing effect on the apical membrane potential, thereby sustaining ENaC-mediated sodium transport.
A series of voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium flows out of the cell along an electrochemical gradient. These events rapidly lower the membrane potential and return it to its normal resting state.
Since resting neuronal membranes are highly permeable to K+, the membrane potential is sensitive to changes in extracellular potassium concentration. An increase in extracellular potassium concentration depolarizes neurons.
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Any dna damage is considered to be a mutation, even if it is immediately corrected by the action of dna polymerase.
a. True
b. False
The answer is False , Although both mutation and DNA damage are forms of errors in DNA, DNA damage is separate from mutation and can happen spontaneously or as a result of environmental conditions.
A mutation is a change in the base pair sequence, whereas DNA damage is an aberrant chemical structure in DNA.
The majority of DNA damage is repaired by removing the harmed bases and then resynthesising the excised area.
However, certain DNA lesions may be directly reversed, which may be a more effective method of handling some forms of DNA damage that happen often.
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which scriptures describe a biologic law of reproduction for which no exception has ever been documented?
The scriptures that describe a biologic law of reproduction for which no exception has ever been documented are: Genesis 1:24.
What is the biologic law of reproduction ?
The biological law of reproduction states that each species of living organism will reproduce according to its own kind. This law states that offspring will be genetically similar to their parents and other members of their species. This law is also known as the law of heredity or the law of "like begets like".
What is the Genesis 1:24?
Genesis 1:24 reads: "And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.”
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There should be at least 3g of dietary fiber for every 100 calories per serving. (True or False)
Answer:
This statement is false. There is no specific recommended amount of dietary fiber that should be consumed per 100 calories per serving. The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber varies depending on age, gender, and other factors, but it typically ranges from 25-38 grams per day for adults.
The American Dietetic Association recommends that adults consume at least 14 grams of dietary fiber for every 1000 calories per day. This is a general guideline, and the exact amount of dietary fiber that an individual should consume may vary depending on their specific needs and circumstances. It is important to consult a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized recommendations.
Explanation:
how can large quantities of praotein be produced from a bacterial colony containing the gene of interest?
Large quantities of protein can be produced from a bacterial colony containing the gene of interest through a process called recombinant DNA technology. This involves transferring the gene of interest from one organism to a bacterial cell and then using the cell as a protein factory.
Producing Large Quantities of Protein from Bacterial Colonies Using Recombinant DNA TechnologyOnce the gene has been transferred into the bacterial cell, the cell's machinery can be used to produce large quantities of the desired protein. This process is highly efficient and can be used to produce large amounts of the protein in a short amount of time. The bacteria can be grown in large batches and the desired protein can be extracted from the culture. Recombinant DNA technology is a powerful tool that has revolutionized biotechnology and has enabled scientists to mass-produce proteins for a variety of applications.
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the origin of a new plant species by hybridizing two existing species, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of _____.
An indication of sympatric speciation is the creation of a new species of plants through the hybridization of two different species and errors that occur during cell division.
It is speciation that may occur under unique conditions, such as the splitting of two populations of the same species before a barrier must materialize to keep them apart.
This can occasionally occur when a species evolves into a new one, most frequently through a symbiotic interaction with both plant species.
Therefore, we may conclude that sympatric speciation, as per the research, enables a population of one species to inevitably lead to another by accumulating enough genetic variations.
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the thermic effect of food is . a. the energy required to convert carbohydrate to protein b. production of excess body heat to dissipate surplus energy c. the process that must take place continuously to sustain life d. energy used to digest, absorb, and further process substances from food
The thermic effect of food is C. Energy used to digest, absorb, and further process substances from food.
A food or drink's energy is measured in calories. Calorie counts are typically listed on food items, and wearables like the best fitness trackers enable you to track the number of calories burned by various activities. The term "thermic effect of food" refers to the rise in your body's metabolic rate—the rate at which calories are burned—after eating. Your body needs to burn calories in order to digest, absorb, and store the nutrients in the food you consume. As a result, when you consume calories, your body actually burns more calories because of the thermodynamic effect of food.
For instance, if you consume 200 calories of protein, your body will use 40 to 70 of those calories for digestion.
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Which action in a conservation plan would reduce erosion caused by runoff?
Responses
A)clearing trees and bushes from hillsides
B)paving hills to create smooth surfaces
C)removing excess ground cover
D)leaving harvested material on the ground
The action in a conservation plan would reduce erosion caused by runoff Responses is clearing trees and bushes from hillsides. Thus, option A is correct.
What is mudslide?Mudslide when a bulk of soil slides down a steep hill or mountain causing damage to the flora and fauna of the place. Mudslide leads to soil erosion in hilly areas.There are various causes of mudslide.
Heavy rainfall that pushes the soil/mud down the hill.Gushing water or accumulated water absorbed by the soil reduces fiction and causes mudslide.
Therefore, The action in a conservation plan would reduce erosion caused by runoff Responses is clearing trees and bushes from hillsides. Thus, option A is correct.
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according to the genetic data, after anatomically modern humans left africa they migrated first to which geographic area?
The evidence from genetic studies suggests that once anatomically modern people departed Africa, their initial migration destination was Asia.
The account is likely to evolve as more information is discovered, but in broad strokes, the scientists of today think that modern humans originated in Africa and made their initial migration to Asia between 80,000 and 60,000 years ago. This migration took place somewhere during that time period. Around 45,000 years ago, or maybe even earlier, they had already established settlements in Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Indonesia. Around 40,000 years ago, modern humans invaded Europe, most likely traveling along one of two corridors: one leading from Turkey down the Danube corridor into eastern Europe, and the other following the Mediterranean coast.
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What is the relationship between amino acids peptide bonds and proteins?
Peptide bonds are created via condensation processes involving amino acids. A protein usually referred to as a polypeptide, is created.
The building blocks of body proteins, amino acids act as the raw materials for the production of proteins.
All of the building components of protein are amino acids. A polypeptide is made up of a series of amino acids. A functional form and a 3D structure may be acquired by one or even more polypeptides when they are combined to create a protein.
In general, small chains of more than two amino acids are referred to as peptides. Proteins, commonly known as polypeptides, are lengthy molecules comprised of many peptide components. Enzymes may break down proteins into little peptide fragments.
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which of the following requires the use of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle? a. cough b. throat clearing. c. tongue protrusion
During deglutition, vocalization, and expiration, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle enables inward rotation of the arytenoid on the cricoid cartilage, shutting the laryngeal airway.
This activity, which brings the arytenoids together, is enhanced by the interarytenoid muscle. When swallowing, voicing, or exhaling, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle contracts, causing the arytenoid to rotate inward on the cricoid and closing the laryngeal airway.
The rotation and posterolateral pull of the arytenoid cartilages are caused by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle contracting. This helps the other intrinsic muscles extend the vocal cords and splits the vocal cords, allowing air to travel through during inspiration and expiration.
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answer this for 10 points and dont copy off the other
it would be the 3rd answer
pure substances and mixtures
natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success. t or f
Is a process by which evolution takes place when a characteristic has heritable variation and individuals with one version of the trait have a higher chance of reproducing than individuals with a different version of the trait.
Gene flow is an outcome of natural selection.
Natural selection eliminates genetic variety to the variants that do not benefit survival and reproduction, whereas gene flow decreases genetic variation to the variants that do. Gene flow and natural selection are two fundamental, and typically antagonistic, evolutionary factors.
What does a nonrandom process in nature entail?
The process of natural selection is not random. This is because, unlike a random process, where all members of a population would have an equal chance of encountering it, it favors one type of creature over another.
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which mass extinction event occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species?
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, commonly referred to as the K-Pg extinction event, occurred just before the rapid increase in speciation among mammalian species.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction Event and Its Impact on Mammalian SpeciationThe Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event, which occurred 66 million years ago, was a global event that wiped out the majority of life on Earth. This event is most famously known for the extinction of the dinosaurs, but it also had major impacts on the evolutionary history of mammals.
Before the K-Pg extinction event, there were few mammalian species, but after the event there was a rapid increase in the number of mammalian species. This increase in speciation is thought to be due to the removal of the large dinosaurs, which opened up numerous niches for the smaller mammals to occupy. These new niches allowed for the evolution of new species and the increased diversity of mammals that we see today.
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In marine food webs/chains, energy enters through _________ and leaves as _________.
Energy enters through primary producers (such as phytoplankton) and leaves as heat energy in the form of respiration.
This energy transfer is known as the trophic cascade.Exploring the Trophic Cascade in Marine Food Webs/ChainsMarine food webs/chains are complex interactions between organisms that rely on each other for survival. Energy enters the system through primary producers, such as phytoplankton, which capture energy from the sun. This energy is passed up the food chain as animals feed on the primary producers and each other.
Eventually, the energy passes to the top predators and leaves the system as heat energy in the form of respiration. This energy transfer is known as the trophic cascade. By understanding the dynamics of marine food webs/chains, we can better understand how marine ecosystems are interconnected and how they respond to changes in their environment.
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the symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.
The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells. The above statement is true.
The diphtheria toxin, also referred to as an A-B toxin, is a single polypeptide chain with 535 amino acids that is made up of two subunits connected by disulfide bridges. The B subunit, the less stable of the two subunits, binds to the cell surface, allowing the A subunit, the more stable portion of the protein, to enter the host cell. The crystal structure of the diphtheria toxin homodimer has been established to 2.5 Ångstrom resolution. Three domains make up the Y-shaped molecule that is revealed by the structure. The catalytic C domain is present in fragment A, while the T and R domains are present in fragment B.
The C domain, which is the amino-terminal catalytic domain, features a unique beta+alpha fold. By transferring ADP-ribose from NAD to a diphthamide residue of eukaryotic elongation factor, the C domain inhibits protein synthesis. The T domain or TM domain, a central translocation domain, lacks the first globin helix homologue but contains two extra helices at the amino terminus and a multi-helical globin-like fold. It is believed that this domain unfolds in the membrane. The transfer of the C domain into the cytoplasm and insertion into the endosomal membrane are both facilitated by a pH-induced conformational shift in the T domain.
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In nature, this method is the only way diversity is truly created. Changes in the genetic material of an organism are passed on to offspring and, although the process is slow, it could eventually result in the creation of a new species. These statements describe the effects of _______ on biodiversity. A. Growth rate b. Genetic drift c. Mutation d. Carrying capacity please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d.
Changes in the genetic material of an organism are passed on to offspring and, although the process is slow, it could eventually result in the creation of a new species. These statements describe the effects of (c) mutation on biodiversity.
Changes to an organism's DNA sequence are referred to as mutations. Errors in the replication of DNA during the cell division process, exposure to mutagens, or viral infections are all potential causes of mutations. Somatic mutations, which take place in body cells, are not transferred on to offspring, whereas germline mutations, which take place in eggs and sperm, can be passed down to future generations.
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karen falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. the injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. what signs would you expect to observe as a result of this injury?
Karen falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal wire harm because of hyperextension of the wire all through the fall. The damage outcomes in edema of the spinal wire with ensuing compression of the anterior horn cells of the spinal region.
One of the divisions of the gray be counted of the spinal wire, the anterior horn includes mobileular our bodies of alpha motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscle to purpose movement.
Injury to the ventral horns can purpose the decrease motor symptoms and symptoms withinside the hands and hands, and damage to the corticospinal tracts outcomes in a spastic quadriparesis.
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which components do not aid to separate the csf and brain ecf from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood?
Components that do not aid to separate the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood include the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and the ependyma.
Components that do not aid to separate the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). The BBB is a specialized structure formed by tightly packed endothelial cells that form a continuous layer between the capillaries of the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. Its primary function is to protect the brain from potentially harmful substances that circulate in the blood. The BCSFB is a specialized barrier formed by the choroid plexus, a specialized capillary network that is located between the ventricles of the brain and the CSF. Its primary function is to filter and protect the CSF from potentially harmful substances in the blood. Both of these barriers serve to protect the brain and CSF from potentially harmful substances in the blood, but they do not aid in separating the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood.
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which mammals were found to have a vocal range of 7 octaves, nearly twice that of humans?
bats were found to have a vocal range of 7 octaves, nearly twice that of humans .
Bats are heavy metal singers of the animal kingdom and have a vocal range superior to that of pop singer Mariah Carey. , which is twice that of a normal human.
"Most mammals have a pitch range of her three to four octaves (octaves), and humans are about three octaves," said Coen Elemans, an associate professor at the University of Southern Denmark and lead author of the study. said Mr. "Some human singers can reach the 4 to 5 range, but very few of them.
The seventh octave is the range between C7 and C8. It's easy for a very high coloratura soprano to sing in this octave, but anyone who can sing in the lower register (such as singers Adam Lopez, Virgo Degan, Nicolas Seda, or Dimash his Kudaibergen) can do it.
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the development of a type i hypersensitivity is most dependent on the production of which class of antibody?
The synthesis of the IgE class of antibodies plays a major role in the emergence of type I hypersensitivity.
Mast cells and basophils degranulate and IgE antibodies are produced in type I hypersensitivity.
The immune system is essential for keeping the body healthy and defending against microbial invasions. The same system, meanwhile, can also result in heightened immunological and inflammatory reactions, which have negative effects known as hypersensitive reactions. Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV reactions are the four conventional categories for hypersensitivity reactions.
Atopic disorders, which are exacerbated IgE-mediated immune reactions (e.g., allergy: asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and dermatitis), and allergic diseases, which are immunological reactions to exogenous allergens, are examples of type I hypersensitivities (i.e., anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, food, and drug allergies). Pollen, mites, foods, medications, etc. are examples of allergens that can cause type I hypersensitivity. Other, potentially dangerous allergens include insect venom.
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The blind spot in vertebrate eyes is a region of the retina that contains no photoreceptors.
a) true
b) false
True. The blind spot in vertebrate eyes is a region of the retina that contains no photoreceptors.
Photoreceptors are highly specialised neurons discovered in the retina that transform light into electrical signals that enhance physiological processes. Signals from photoreceptors are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for processing.
The retina includes two kinds of photoreceptor cells: cones and rods. Cones are in charge of sharp color vision in daylight. In low light, the rods provide vision. The fovea is a comparatively tiny depression approximately 0.3 mm in diameter next to the center of the retina.
The retina of the human eye is an amazing illustration of photoreceptor protein. Many bacteria, including the extremophile bacterium Halohodospira halophila, comprise Photoactive Yellow Protein. The eyes end up receiving light energy and convert it into neural impulses that travel to the brain. The retina of the human eye is an amazing illustration of photoreceptor protein.
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Which mammals were found to have a vocal range of 7 octaves, nearly twice that of humans?
Bats mammals were found to have a vocal range of 7 octaves, nearly twice that of humans.
Mammals are a group of vertebrates that make up the class Mammalia, which in females are characterized by the presence of mammary glands. The mammary glands produce milk for the female to nourish her offspring, the neocortex, fur or hair, and her three middle ear bones.
With the exception of sharks and some tuna, most fish are not warm-blooded and therefore not mammals. No limbs, fingers, toes, fur, or hair. With the exception of lungfish and snakehead, most cannot breathe the air because they do not have lungs.
My guess is that octopuses aren't mammals. Octopuses are invertebrates and do not have backbones. More specifically, cuttlefish are cephalopods, the same as octopuses and cuttlefish. They are one of the smartest invertebrates.
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The mohorovicic discontinuity is the _______.
a. division between the lithosphere and asthenosphere
b. boundary between solid and molten rock
c. transition from granitic to basaltic crust
d. boundary where crust gives way to mantle
The transition between the Earth's crust and mantle is known as the Mohorovicic discontinuity, often known as the Moho discontinuity or the Moho.
What components make up the Mohorovicic discontinuity?As you are surely aware, the earth's crust and mantle are separated by the Mohorovicic Discontinuity. It would be constructed of many elements, including oxygen, iron, sodium, silicon, and aluminum. Rocks that make up the Earth's crust and mantle would contain these elements.
Is the Mohorovicic Discontinuity the name of the crust-mantle boundary?The line between the crust and mantle is known as the Mohorovicic Discontinuity or Moho. This barrier is situated at a depth of the Earth's surface of about 2891 kilometers. The discontinuity in seismic wave velocities at that depth allows for the observation of the boundary.
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Answer:
The answer is d.
Explanation:
correct on edge
in pea plants purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color are crossed. three fourths (3/4) of the offspring will have purple flowers. true or false
It is true that three-fourths (3/4) of the offspring will have purple flowers.
A monohybrid cross is one in which parents with only one distinct characteristic are crossed. Mendel proposed the law of dominance based on garden pea plant monohybrid crosses.
In the heterozygous state, a dominant allele is one that can fully express itself. In this instance, it has been established that the white flower color outweighs the purple flower color. As a result, heterozygous plants with this trait will have purple flowers.
Let p be the recessive allele and P the dominant allele.
The genotypes of the offspring that result from crossing two plants that are heterozygous for the trait of flower color are as follows:
when Pp × Pp
F1: P p
P PP Pp
p Pp pp
As a result, the ratio of F1 can be seen to be:
Plant with purple flowers: White-flowered plant = 3:1, which means that 75% of the offspring will have flowers of a purple hue.
As a result, the answer to the above question is b. 3/4 or 75%
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When should a driver yield the right of way?
A driver should yield the right of way when reaching at intersections with a stop sign and let pedestrians cross the road or walk with safety.
There are other conditions as well:
A motorist must give way to the car that approaches the junction first if there isn't a stop sign or traffic light. The automobile on the right has the right of way if two or more vehicles are approaching the junction at once. Pedestrians have the right-of-way at four-way stops at all times. When merging, a motorist must give way to any oncoming traffic.A motorist must give way to other cars and pedestrians in the main route when crossing the highway or accessing it from a side road.Learn more about yielding the right of way here:
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what further experiment should be carried out in order to determine the primary structure of the polypeptide?
We have a few reactions we can employ to figure out a polypeptide's sequence. The N-terminal amino acid can be identified using Edman's reagent.
The C-terminal amino acid can then be identified using carboxypeptidase A. The C-side of Met and trypsin, as well as the C-side of Arg and Lys, are both hydrolyzed by cyanogen bromide.
a. There are two alternative sequences for the fragments of polypeptide I: Val-Gly-Asp-Lys-Leu-Glu-Pro-Ala-Arg-Ala-Leu-Gly-Asp and Leu-Glu-Pro-Ala-Arg-Val-Gly-Asp-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Asp. Depending on whether Leu or Val is released, Edman's reagent can reveal the
b. The sequences for the polypeptide II fragments are: Ala-Glu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Met-Gly-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Glu and Ala-Met-Gly-Lys-Ala-Glu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Met-Gly-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Glu. Cyanogen bromide can be used to determine the actual sequence. The initial segment would be split up into a one into two hexamers, the other into a dimer and decamer.
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complete question : Three peptides were obtained from a trypsin digestion of two different polypeptides. In each case, indicate the possible sequences from the given data and tell what further experiment should be carried out in order to determine the primary structure of the polypeptide. a. polypeptide I: 1. Val-Gly-Asp-Lys 2. Leu-Glu-Pro-Ala-Arg 3. Ala-Leu-Gly-Asp; b. polypeptide II: 1. Val-Leu-Gly-Glu 2. Ala-Glu-Pro-Arg 3. Ala-Met-Gly-Lys
Once a substance is separated from the blood by the glomerulus, it is excreted in the urine.
a. True
b. False
Once a substance is separated from the blood by the glomerulus, it is excreted in the urine. The given statement is false as many substances are reabsorbed through tubules.
What is the role of glomerulus?Blood from the cells enter the kidneys through arteries which branch inside the kidneys into a large number of tiny clusters of looping blood vessels. Each of these clusters is called a glomerulus.
As blood flows into each nephron in the kidney, it enters a cluster of tiny blood vessels called the glomerulus. The thin walls of the glomerulus allow the smaller molecules, wastes, and fluid that is mostly water to pass through it and enters into the tubule. Larger molecules, such as proteins and blood cells, stay in the blood vessel and many particles are reabsorbed on the basis of gradient of osmolarity.
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