The Dutch scientist Johannes van der Waals developed a useful equation to predict the behavior of real gases. In the van der Waals equation, what are the constants a and b, respectively?
a. a is a measure of how strongly the gas molecules attract one another, and b is a measure of the finite volume occupied by the molecules.
b. a is a measure of the random motion of gas molecules, and b is a measure of the volume of the container.
c. a is a measure of the finite volume occupied by the molecules, and b is a measure of how strongly the gas molecules attract one another.
d. a is a measure of the molecular mass of the gas molecules, and b is a measure of the finite volume occupied by the molecules.

Balance scale is another method of comparing the mass of objects in the absence of a scale.

A balance is a type of measurement device used to compare the weight or mass of an object  by balancing them against the standard weights of known objects. It has two pans and a balanced beam. The beam is in balance when the pans have the same mass.

To determine the weight of an object, place it in one pan and standard weights in the other. Balances can be made be made locally with available tools like hangers and bags in place of pans and wood to be balanced on.

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Some ways each person could reduce air pollution is using the public transport , recycle and reuse , no to the plastic bags, planting the more trees, using environment friendly vehicle.

There are several ways to reduce the air pollution :

1) by using the public transport or the ecofriendly transport like cycle. the use of public transport is the easy way to contribute to the less air pollution.

2) recycle and reuse reduces the air pollution. the recycle products are take less power to make the products.

3) no to plastic bags : as we all know the plastic products are very harmful to environment.

4) planting more trees : this method is also a very easy method that ever can contribute to the less air pollution. plants gives us oxygen or fresh air.

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(0,0) is a solution to all equation(s) in the form y = kx.

When an equation is given in the form of y = kx, it shows direct variation, meaning that the y-intercept is 0. For example, lets take an equation in slope-intercept form, it has an equation of y = mx+b. Since there is an absence of "b", in the form y = kx, that means that the line must pass through the origin, or (0,0).

For any equation, (0,0) can be the solution if it is in the form of y = mx. Hence, the statement is (0,0) is a solution to all equation(s) in the form y=kx.

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7 is the pH of a substance that has an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

In its purest form, a hydrogen ion is only the hydrogen atom's nucleus without the electron that normally accompanies it. The proton, a particle with a single positive electric charge that makes up the hydrogen nucleus, is what makes hydrogen atoms. As a result, a proton is typically represented by the single hydrogen ion, denoted by the sign H+. The solitary hydrogen ion can only exist in a space that is almost devoid of particles (high vacuum) and in the gaseous state because the bare nucleus can easily join with other particles (electrons, atoms, and molecules). In everyday speech, the term "hydrogen ion" is used to describe the ion that makes up the coupled molecule H+H2O and is found in water solutions.

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The orbital that is created when the lobes of two p orbitals overlap side by side while being in phase with one another has a lower dissociation energy than the molecular orbital created when the two p orbitals are directly in phase with one another.

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, a covalent bond is created. The electron pair is drawn to both of the nuclei, which keeps the atoms together.

The strongest bond is produced by the head-on overlapping of 2p2p orbitals because the electron density is highest along the bond's axis.

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Nitrogen from the air can be converted to use by plants and animals by nitrogen fixation .

What is nitrogen fixation ?

Nitrogen moves from the atmosphere into the soil. Earth’s atmosphere contains a huge pool of nitrogen gas (N2). But this nitrogen is “unavailable” to plants, because the gaseous form cannot be used directly by plants without undergoing a transformation. To be used by plants, the N2 must be transformed through a process called nitrogen fixation. Fixation converts nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms that plants can absorb through their root systems.

A small amount of nitrogen can be fixed when lightning provides the energy needed for N2 to react with oxygen, producing nitrogen oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2. These forms of nitrogen then enter soils through rain or snow. Nitrogen can also be fixed through the industrial process that creates fertilizer. This form of fixing occurs under high heat and pressure, during which atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen are combined to form ammonia (NH3), which may then be processed further, to produce ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), a form of nitrogen that can be added to soils and used by plants.

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Formaldehyde CH₂O is neither positive nor negative it is neutral.

The formaldehyde CH₂O molecule contains one carbon, one Oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.

The hydrogen atom are connected by one single bond to the carbon atom and the oxygen atom is connected to the carbon atom by two bonds which is sometimes called the double bond.

As we know that hydrogen requires only one electron to obtain stable configuration which are provided by one of the four valence electrons of the carbon atom. Also oxygen requires to electrons for stable electronic configuration vichar fulfilled by the two electrons of the central carbon atom in the formaldehyde molecule.

So, now there is no formal charge on the molecule.

This is why we can include that the formaldehyde atom is neither positive nor negative.

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The molar mass of the compound is 88 g/mol and the formula of the compound is  [tex]P_{2} F_{2}[/tex].

We know that the ideal gas equation is the equation that we can be able to obtain any of the parameters that has to do with a gas. In this case, we have the gas that we are told that it is a certain gaseous fluoride of phosphorus and that the density of the gas is about  3.93 g/l

Given that;

MM = dRT/P

MM = molar mass

d = density of the gas

R = gas constant

T = temperature

P = pressure

Then we have to be able to substitute the values as shown;

MM =  3.93  * 0.082 * 273/1

MM = 88 g/mol

The formula of the gas is obtained from;

[PF]n = 88

[31 + 19]n = 88

50n = 88

n = 88/50

n = 2

The molecular formula of the compound is [tex]P_{2} F_{2}[/tex].

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Strong acid : hydrochloric acid , sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

weak acid : citric acid , acetic acid and formic acid.

The strong acids are those which completely ionizes in the aqueous solution. the strong acid will losses more H⁺ ion when it dissolved in the water. The weak acid are those which are partially ionizes in the aqueous solution.  the strong acid will losses few H⁺ ion when it dissolved in the water.

                        strong acids                     weak acids

                   hydrochloric acid                  citric acid

                    sulphuric acid                       formic acid

                      nitric acid                               acetic acid  

Thus, citric acid , acetic acid and formic acid are the weak acid and  hydrochloric acid , sulphuric acid and nitric acid are the strong acids.

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0.34 Volts is the CuCu +2 standard electrode potential. Electrode potential in electrochemistry is the electromotive force of a galvanic cell constructed from a common reference electrode with elements.

Additional electrode that needs to be defined. The standard hydrogen electrode serves as the reference electrode (SHE). It is known as having a potential of 0 volts. By coupling the electrode under consideration with a standard hydrogen electrode and measuring the emf of the cell created, the standard electrode potentials (oxidation or reduction) of various elements can be determined. The electromotive force of a galvanic cell composed of a reference electrode that is typically used and a test electrode is known as electrode potential. The standard hydrogen electrode serves as the reference electrode (SHE).

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Answer:

NONE but the most accurate of your list will be: geothermal power

Explanation:

If an electricity producer decided to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide released by the power plant and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero, then none of the energy resources listed would be an acceptable alternative. This is because all of the listed energy sources, including hydroelectric power, biomass power, geothermal power, and wind power, produce some amount of greenhouse gas emissions, even if that amount is relatively small. The only way to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions from an electricity-generating power plant would be to use a completely carbon-free energy source, such as solar or nuclear power.

The magnesium ion interacts with the soap molecules in hard water to create a precipitate, which is a solid that does not dissolve.

The chemical reaction of potassium chloride + silver nitrate, which results in the precipitation of solid silver chloride, is one of the greatest illustrations of precipitation reactions. The precipitation reaction resulted in the formation of this insoluble salt.

A substance emerging from solution is the act of precipitation. The opposite of solvation or dissolution, respectively. The solute particles dissociate from one another and are encircled by solvent molecules during dissolution. When precipitation occurs, the solute find one another and combine to form a solid.

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The PF6- molecule has an octahedral Lewis structure.

The molecule SF6 is an exception to the octet rule. It has six fluorine atoms F linked to sulfur S. With two electrons each link, sulfur has 12 total electrons. That slightly exceeds an octet of eight.

The formal charge on the phosphorus is -1.

Octet rule-the idea that an atom's valence electrons should be eight in order for a molecule comprising carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine to be more stable. An open octet is present in these atoms when one of them has fewer than eight valence electrons.

Sulfur with more than an octet is said to have expanded its valence shell. This can only occur when the valence shell has enough orbitals to accommodate the extra electrons. For example, in the case of phosphorus, the valence shell has a principal quantum number of n = 3. 3s23p6 is an octet.

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In 20 g of water at 80 C, potassium chloride dissolves with a solubility of 0.25. One or more solutes combined uniformly in a solvent form a solution. Solubility is the quality that enables molecules to dissolve.

Consequently, "solubility" can be described as a substance quality. The metal halide salt potassium chloride (KCl, often known as potassium salt) is made up of both potassium and chlorine. It has a vitreous crystal look and is odourless or colourless. The potassium chloride easily dissolves in water, and the flavour of its solutions is similar to salt. An old dried lake is a source of potassium chloride. A homogeneous mixture is a sort of mixture in which all of its constituent parts are present in the same amounts inside the sample.

20/80 = 0.25

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Answer:

3 then 4 then 5 then 1 then 2

Explanation:

ordering 1 through 5 from top to bottom

The correct order of igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa is as follows:

3Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.

4 Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.

5 Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano.

1 Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.

2 Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock.

Igneous rocks are the form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. Igneous rock is produced through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Igneous rocks produce when magma from inside the Earth moves toward the surface, or is forced above the Earth's surface as lava and ash by a volcano.

Thus, The correct order of igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa is 3, 4, 5, 1, and 2.

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Oxygen atom in a water molecule is greedy for electrons, giving it a negative charge.

Because oxygen is more electronegative (electron-greedy) than hydrogen, it grabs electrons and keeps them away from the H atoms. This results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen end of the water molecule and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen end.

What is a molecule?

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Answer:

0.083 mol

Explanation:

Molar volume of gas at r.t.p = 24 dm³

Number of moles = volume(dm³) / 24

Number of moles = 2/24 = 0.083...

Both phosphorus and chlorine are non-polar because the four atoms of phosphorus (P4) cancel each other out and remain non-polar, while the two atoms of chlorine (Cl2) exert equal but opposite forces on one another and cancel each other out.

All four phosphorus atoms are connected to one another in the tetraphosphorus molecule shown below. Each phosphorus atom shares the same properties, which results in an identical electronegativity. Tetraphosphorus is hence nonpolar since each phosphorus atom's electron attraction in the two opposite directions is the same, canceling out one another.

The shared pair of electrons in a chlorine molecule (Cl2) is equally attracted by the two chlorine atoms, resulting in a nonpolar bond. as a result, chlorine is non-polar molecule.

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From the reaction Mg(OH)₂  is more effective.

What is antacid ?

Acids can be neutralized by antacids, which are very simply built salts and salt-like molecules. This neutralization processes result in processes including hydrolysis and precipitations of insoluble compounds, as well as a number of products (other salts, water, and possibly carbon dioxide).

What is hydrochloric acid ?

In its reaction with an organic base, hydrochloric acid (HCl, also known as muriatic acid) transforms into a salt known as hydrochloride. Hydrochloric acid has a variety of commercial uses.

NaHCO₃ (aq)+ HCl (aq)⇒ NaCl (aq) + H₂O (1)+ CO₂ (g)

N= m/M = 1.00g/ 84.01g/mol= 1.19*10^-2 mol NaHCO₃

1.19*10^-2mol NaHCO₃* 1 mol HCl / 1 mol NaHCO₃ 1.19*10^-2 mol HCl

Mg (OH)₂ (S) +2HCl (Aq)  ⇒ 2H₂O (1)+MgCl₂(Aq)

N=m/M = 1.008/58.33g/mol = 1.71*10^-2 mol Mg(OH)₂

1.71*10^-2mol Mg(OH)₂ *2 mol HCl / 1 mol Mg(OH)₂= 3.42*10^-2 mol HCl

Mg(OH)₂  is more effective.

Therefore, from the reaction Mg(OH)₂  is more effective.

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Volume of nh3(g) is produced is 2.56L

N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)

As per the reaction stochiometry we see that the gaseous ractants and products are in the following mole ratio 1:3:2 So ratio of their volume will also follow same ratio.

Hence to maintain that ratio the

2.95L N2(g) will react with 8.85L H2(g) to form theoretically 2⋅2.95L=5.90L NH3(g)

But the volume of H2(g) will fall short then. So hydrogen given will be fully consumed and the yeild of NH3(g) to be calculated on the consumption of of available H2(g) i.e. 3.84L

So theoretical yeild of NH3(g) will be =(2/3)×3.84L≈2.56L

Stoichiometry:

Stoichiometry is the area of ​​chemistry that involves using the relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine quantitative data of interest. In Greek, stoicane means element and metron means measure, so stoichiometry literally means measure of elements.

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Half-life is the length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a specific radionuclide to decay.

Radioactive atoms, of which the environment naturally contains a large number, are what cause ionising radiation. A radioactive atom can be found in the forms of a gas, liquid, or solid just like any other sort of atom. An electron cloud surrounds the atom's nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons.

Most atoms are stable because neutrons and protons are distributed evenly within them. Nevertheless, some atoms have an unstable proton-neutron ratio. Isotopes are variations of an element that have different neutron counts. Atoms seek stability; therefore, to transition from one stable state to another, they let go of energy from their nucleus in the form of particles or rays.

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The length of the bond is determined by the number of bonded electrons (the bond order). The higher the bond order, the stronger the pull between the two atoms, and the shorter the bond length.

An enduring attraction between atoms or ions known as a chemical bond is what allows molecules and crystals to form. The bond may be created by the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds or by the electrostatic attraction of two oppositely charged ions, as in ionic bonds. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bindings are examples of "strong bonds" or "primary bonds," whereas dipole-dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding are examples of "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds." The sharing or transfer of electrons between the involved atoms results in strong chemical bonds.

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Chlorine have electronic configuration of an atom is 1s22s22p63s23p5.

What is Electronic Configuration?

The distribution of electrons in an element's atomic orbitals is described by the element's electron configuration. Atomic electron configurations adhere to a standard nomenclature in which all atomic subshells that contain electrons are arranged in a sequence with the number of electrons they each possess expressed in superscript. For instance, sodium's electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s1.

The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration, also known as electronic structure or electron configuration.

The electrical configuration of sodium in this notation would be 1s22s22p63s1, with the orbitals distributed as 2-8-1.

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The frequency of the light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each of the following transitions energy of the electron in the nth state is En = -2.18 x 10-18J for the n = 4¡n = 3

Therefore, when an electron transitions from nito to ng, the energy of the emitted photon is the energy of the electron in the two associated states.

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Nitrogen can ionically bond with the unknown element X of group 2. These ions of element X are required to form stable ionic compounds with 3 nitrogen.

An ionic bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms of her that are chemically bonded.

In ionic bonding, an attractive force occurs between oppositely charged ions, resulting in a strong attractive force between the ions. Therefore, ionic bonds are the strongest bonds.

Ionic bonds are always formed between metals and non-metals.

Nitrogen (non-metal) in this compound has oxidation state -3 and element X (metal) has oxidation state +2.

The least common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6.

Number of nitrogen atoms = 6 ÷ 3. number of nitrogen atoms = 2,

It has two nitrogen atoms.

Atomic number X:

6 ÷ 2 = 3.

For example, Mg₃N₂; magnesium nitride. Nitrogen has an oxidation number of -3 and magnesium has an oxidation number of +2.

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The new volume of the balloon, of pressure 728 torr is 6.9 L.

Volume is the measure of the capacity that an object holds.

To calculate the volume of the balloon, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the new volume of the balloon is 6.9 L.

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Answer:

In chemistry, the element configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of its electrons in its outermost energy level, or valence shell. The element configuration is typically written using the symbols of the elements in the periodic table, and it is used to predict the chemical behavior of the atom.

One common way to write element configurations is in terms of noble gas configurations. A noble gas is a chemical element that is unreactive and stable due to its filled valence shell, and the noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

The reason why element configurations are often written in terms of noble gas configurations is that it makes it easier to predict the chemical behavior of the atom. For example, the element configuration of sodium is 1s22s22p63s1. This can be written in terms of the noble gas configuration of neon, which is 1s22s22p6, as [Ne]3s1. This notation indicates that the valence shell of sodium has the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon, plus one additional electron in the 3s subshell.

Similarly, the element configuration of chlorine is 1s22s22p63s23p5. This can be written in terms of the noble gas configuration of argon, which is 1s22s22p6, as [Ar]3d5. This notation indicates that the valence shell of chlorine has the same electron configuration as the noble gas argon, plus five additional electrons in the 3p and 3d subshells.

Therefore, element configurations are written in terms of noble gas configurations to provide a concise and easy-to-understand representation of the electron arrangements in the valence shells of atoms. This can help predict the chemical behavior of the atoms and aid in the understanding of the properties of chemical compounds.

The sentence that is appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab is that three more trials are conducted and the data was recorded which.

The essential elements should be included in a formal lab report, which serves as a record of your laboratory activities: introductory, experimental procedure, data, analysis as well as discussion, and conclusion. Each section must include a heading and it should be clean, orderly, and succinct.

Hence, the appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab is that three more trials are conducted and the data was recorded which is therefore  option A is correct.

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For every neutral atom, the atomic number is the number of protons, and the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Option A.

Atoms contain positively charged components known as protons, negatively charged components known as electrons, and neutral components known as neutrons.

Protons and neutrons are located in the nuclei of atoms while electrons are found outside the nuclei in the orbitals. For every neutral atom, the number of positively charged components (protons) always balances the number of negatively charged components (electrons).

Also, the atomic number of atoms is the number of protons in the nuclei of atoms. Thus, for neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons which also equals the atomic number.

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Answer:

Magnesium Chloride

Explanation:

is a great choice While magnesium chloride is more expensive than sodium chloride and calcium chloride, it is less likely to damage your concrete or your lawn. This type of salt only works in temperatures down to 0° F, which is better than sodium chloride but not quite as good as calcium chloride.