The bond formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is the covalent bond. This bond involves the sharing of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.
What is covalent bond?
A covalent bond is produced by the equal sharing of electrons from both participating atoms. This sort of bonding involves a shared pair or bonding pair of electrons. The sharing of bonding pairs will ensure that the atoms reach stability in their outer shell, analogous to the atoms of noble gases.
Elements with very high ionisation energies are incapable of transmitting electrons, while elements with very low electron affinity are incapable of absorbing electrons.
Atoms of such elements tend to share electrons with atoms of other elements or atoms of the same element in such a way that both atoms achieve octet configuration in their respective valence shells and thus achieve stability. Covalent Bond refers to such a link formed by the sharing of electron pairs among distinct or similar kinds.
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Ozone in the upper atmosphere (the ozone layer) absorbs light at around 220 nm. what is the frequency???
Answer:
1.36x10^15 Hertz
Explanation:
The wavelength, λ, and frequency, ν, of light are described by the equation:
c = λν
where c is the speed of light (c = 3.0x10^8 m/s)
We are given the wavelength, λ, as 220nm
We'll need this in meters, not nanometers, nm.
1nm = 10^-9m
(220nm)*(10^-9m/nm) = 2.20x10^-7m
v = c/λ
v = (3.0x10^8 m/s)/(2.20x10^-7m) = 1.36x10^15/s or Hertz (1360 terahertz)
A gas has a temperature of 34.9 degrees C and a volume of 70.0 L. If the temperature increases to 86.8 degreesC , what is its final volume ?
Answer
Its final volume is 81.8 L
Explanation
Given;
Initial temperature, T₁ = 34.9°C = (34.9 + 273.15 K) = 308.05 K
Initial volume, V₁ = 70.0 L
Final temperature, T₂ = 86.8°C = ( 86.8 + 273.15 K) = 359.95 K
What to find:
The final volume at 86.8°C.
Step-by-step solution:
The final volume, V₂ can be calculated using Charle's law formula below:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2} \\ \\ \Rightarrow V_2=\frac{V_1T_2}{T_1} \end{gathered}[/tex]Putting the values of the given parameters into the formula, we have
[tex]V_2=\frac{70.0L\times359.95K}{308.05K}=81.8\text{ }L[/tex]Hence, if the temperature of the gas increases to 86.8 degrees C, its final volume is 81.8 L
Answer:
81.8 L
Explanation:
Ideal gas law:
PV = nR T
V = nR/P * T since nr and P are constant , this becomes
V = k T where k is a proportionality constant ====> then: V/T = k
so:
V1/T1 = V2/T2 ( NOTE : T must be in K)
V2 = T2 ( V1/T1) = ( 86.8 + 273.15) ( 70.0) /(34.9 + 273.15) = 81.8 L
a student performs an experiment where gas is collected over water in an upside down graduated cylinder. if the atmospheric pressure is 733 mmhg and the level of water in the graduated cylinder is 14.4 cm higher than the level of the water exposed to the atmosphere, what is the total pressure of gases inside the graduated cylinder?
total pressure of gases inside the graduated cylinder will be equals to the sum of atmospheric pressure and Pressure change inside the glass.
Atmospheric pressure = 733 mm of Hg
Pressure change inside the glass = dgh
where d is the density of gas i.e. 1000 kg per meter cube
g is acceleration due to gravity i.e. 9.8 meter per second square
h is the level of water in the graduated cylinder i.e. 14.4 cm = 0.144m
Pressure change inside the glass = dgh
Pressure change inside the glass = (1000)(9.8)(0.144)
Pressure change inside the glass = 1411.2 Pa
Pressure change inside the glass = 10.584 mm of Hg
Total pressure = 733 + 10.584 = 743.584 mm of Hg
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why is the melting point for vanillyl alcohol so much higher than that of vanillin? use intermolecular forces to guide your answer.
Because vanillyn alcohol involves intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions rather than vanillin's weak interactions that result in a stable compound, vanillyn alcohol has a much higher melting point than vanillin.
What is the intermolecular forces ?The attracting and repellent forces that develop between the molecules of a material are referred to as intermolecular forces (IMF), which is sometimes shortened. These forces operate as a mediator between a substance's individual molecules.The majority of matter's physical and chemical characteristics are caused by intermolecular forces.Intermolecular forces are the aggregate name for the forces that exist between the molecules themselves. The primary cause of the substance's physical properties is intermolecular forces. The condensed states of matter are caused by intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces, which hold the particles that make up solids and liquids together, have an impact on a number of the physical characteristics of matter in these two states.Learn more about Intermolecular forces refer to :
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One of the most important chemical reactions is the haber process, in which n2 and h2 are converted to ammonia which is used in the production of fertilizers. Consider that you have just produced 170 g of nh3 in a 50. 0 l tank at 400. 0 c. What was the total pressure of the gases that reacted to produce this ammonia?.
The total pressure of the gases that reacted to produce ammonia is 22 Pa.
Considering the following balanced equation of the Haber process;
N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ----> 2 NH₃(l)
According to the balanced equation, 34.0 g of NH₃ are produced by 1 mol of N₂ as the molar mass of NH₃ is 17g/mol
Now calculating for 170 g of NH₃ as follows;
170g NH₃ × ( 1 mol N₂ / 34 g of NH₃) = 5 mol N₂
Similarly; According to the balanced equation, 34.0 g of NH₃ are produced by 3 moles of H₂, therefore calculating for 170 g of NH₃ as follows;
170g NH₃ × ( 3 mol H₂ / 34 g of NH₃) = 15 mol H₂
The total gaseous moles before the reaction were;
5.00 mol + 15.0 mol = 20.0 mol.
Now we can determine the total pressure (P) by using the ideal gas equation.
P.V = n.R.T
where
V is the volume (50.0 L)
n is the number of moles (20.0 mol)
R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206atm.L/mol.K)
T is the absolute temperature (400.0 + 273.15 = 673.2K)
P = n.R.T / V
P = (20.0 mol × 0.08206atm.L/mol.K × 673.2K) / 50 L
P = 22 atm
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Pls help nowwww I’m begging
THE RIGHT GETS 10 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST
Which layer is between the asthenosphere and the outer core? (7 points)
a
Crust
b
Inner core
c
Lithosphere
d
Mesosphere
The layer which is between the asthenosphere and the outer core is referred to as the Lithosphere and is denoted as option C.
What is Lithosphere?
This is referred to as the outermost rocky layer of the earth and has a rigid structure. It is made up of the crust and the solid outermost layer of the upper mantle which is the reason why it has a rigid structure.
It can also be described as the region or layer which is between the asthenosphere and the outer core which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Which statement best describes a mole?
It is 12 units of a given substance.
It contains 6.02 Times. 1023 grams of sodium chloride.
It is the mass of 12 carbon atoms.
It contains 6.02 Times. 1023 particles of a given substance.
Best describes a mole is it contains 6.02×10²³ particles of a given substance
Mole is the amount of substance that contain the same number of elementary entities and according to the Avogadro's law number of elementary entities in the substance is 6.02×10²³ and these elementary entities could be atoms, ions, molecules etc and we use the mole to express the amount of substances and one mole of any substance is the equal to its atomic mass and molecular mass which is expressed in gram and the number of particles present in one mole of any substance is 6.02×10²³
Therefore the statement which is correct for mole is it contains 6.02×10²³ particles of a given substance
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. what, if anything, would be different about the product of the reaction if you started with z-stilbene instead of e-stilbene?
Answer: Yes the product will be different. If we use z - stilebene we would obtain trans dibromide.
Explanation:
Just as you had started with a molecule with two phenyl substituents on the same side, the product has the configuration on each stereocenter the same as the other (R,R; S,S).
If you rotate the central
C-C bond by about 120∘ you can compare these more closely.
Had you started with (E)-stilbene instead of (Z)-stilbene, you would have gotten meso (1S, 2R) and meso (1R, 2S) isomers instead.
A student bends a paperclip rapidly back and forth. When he touches the point where he was bending the paperclip, he finds that its temperature has increased. why did it increase?
A student bends a paperclip rapidly back and forth when he touches the point where he was bending the paperclip, he finds that its temperature has increased because temprature goes up at the point of the bending
Temprature is the degree of hotness and coldness and here when student bends a paperclip rapidly back and forth he touches the point where he was bending the paperclip then the temprature is increases because of temprature goes up at the point of the bending and molecule of clip start moving slower
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If the contact area between two objects is
getting warm, what might you conclude?
Answer: The end result is thermal equilibrium.
Explanation: When two objects are touching for a specific period of time heat [thermal energy] always moves from a warmer substance to a cooler substance. In your case we have two objects of unknown temperature. The temperature between those objects is transferred/ conducted. Eventually, the heat conduction between two objects of unknown temperature results in the achievement of thermal equilibrium.
Answer: Thermal equilibrium
Explanation :Heat will transfer thermal energy from the object at higher temperature to the one at lower temperature until they both reach the same temperature. The objects are then in thermal equilibrium, and no further temperature changes will occur if they are isolated from other systems. The systems interact and change because their temperatures are different, and the changes stop once their temperatures are the same. Thermal equilibrium is established when two bodies are in thermal contact with each other—meaning heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of energy by heat) can occur between them. If two systems cannot freely exchange energy, they will not reach thermal equilibrium. (It is fortunate that empty space stands between Earth and the sun, because a state of thermal equilibrium with the sun would be too toasty for life on this planet!)
a rocket fuel, hydrazine, is produced by a reaction of cl2 with excess naoh and nh3. a.) how many grams of hydrazine can be produced from 1.00 kg of cl2?
A rocket fuel, hydrazine, is produced by a reaction of cl2 with excess naoh and nh3. a.) 473 g of hydrazine can be produced from 1.00 kg of cl2
N2H 4 is created when 1 mole of ClNH 2 reacts.
ClNH 2 has a molar mass of 35.5+14+2=51.5 g/mol.
N2H 4 has a molar mass of 2(14)+4=32 g/mol.
As a result, 32 g of N2H 4 is created from 51.5 g of ClNH 2.
As a result, when 1000 g of ClNH2 reacts, 321000/51.5 = 621.36 g of N2H 4 is produced.
Only 473 g of N2H4 are produced, though.
As a result, the reaction's percentage yield is 473 100/ 621.36=76.12%.
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what is the concentration of a naoh solution if 26.96 ml are needed to titrate 0.5930 g of khp? enter your answer with a unit of m.
0.000107 mol is the concentration of a NaOH solution if 26.96 ml are needed to titrate 0.5930 g of KHP.
What is KHP?KHP, also known as potassium hydrogen phthalate, is an acidic salt chemical. It produces a colorless solution, a white powder, colorless crystals, and an ionic solid that is the monopotassium salt of phthalic acid.
Moles of KHP= 0.5930/204.22g/mol
Moles of KHP=0.0029mol
now when26.96 ml are needed
concentration=0.0029/26.96
Concentration=0.000107 mol
Hence,0.000107 mol is the concentration of a NaOH solution if 26.96 ml are needed to titrate 0.5930 g of KHP.
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Question 4
Calculate the average atomic mass of the fictional element "X" by using the
information in the table below:
Isotope
X-16
X-17
X-18
Abundance (%)
99.76
0.04
0.20
Atomic Mass
15.9949
16.9991
17.9992
The average atomic number will be 1616.29.
The Average Atomic Mass = (Mass of Isotope 1 x Fractional Abundance of Isotope 1) + (Mass of Isotope 2 x Fractional Abundance of Isotope 2)+ (Mass of Isotope 3x Fractional Abundance of Isotope 3)
Given,
X-16
X-17
X-18
Abundance (%)
99.76
0.04
0.20
Atomic Mass
15.9949
16.9991
17.99
Average Atomic mass= (15.9949x99.76)+(16.9991x0.04)+(17.9992x0.20)
=1616.29
Therefore, average atomic mass of the fictional element "X" is 1616.29
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1. You have 4 moles of NaCl. How many particles are present?
To calculate the molecules present in the given moles we will apply for Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number tells us that in one mole of any substance there are 6.022x10^23 molecules.
Therefore if we have 4 moles of NaCl we will have:
[tex]\begin{gathered} moleculesNaCl=GivenmolNaCl\times\frac{6.022\cdot10^{23}moleculesNaCl}{1molNaCl} \\ moleculesNaCl=4molNaCl\times\frac{6.022\cdot10^{23}moleculesNaCl}{1molNaCl} \\ moleculesNaCl=2\times10^{24}moleculesNaCl \end{gathered}[/tex]In 4 moles of NaCl there are 2 x10^24 molecules
Objective: Apply the concepts of mole and stoichiometry.
Question: If 50.0 g of O₂ are mixed with 4.5 g of H₂ and the mixture is ignited, what mass of water is
produced?
Include a balanced reaction equation, definitions, explanations, and discussion of your problem-solving
process.
The mass of water when 50.0 g of O₂ are mixed with 4.5 g of H₂ and the mixture is ignited is 56.25g. Here the concept of mole can be applied.
What is mole?
A mole can be explained as the substance containing an Avogadro number of particles that is 6.022 x 10^23 particles in it. It can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by molecular mass of the substance.
The reaction can be written as,
2H2 + O2 --------> 2H2O
4g 32g 36g
Here, 2 moles of H2 is reacting with 1 mole of O2 to give 2 moles of water. 50.0 g of O₂ are mixed with 4.5 g of H₂ and the amount of oxygen reacting is less so it can be considered as the limiting reagent.
The mass of water = 36g x 50g / 32g = 56.25g
Therefore, 56.25g of water can be formed when 4.5 g of H2 and 50g of O2 is reacting. This can be seen in mole concept of balanced chemical reaction.
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In a galvanic cell, _______________ occurs at the anode? (1 pt)
*
1 point
oxidation
reduction
In a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode?
The slogan "Red Cat An Ox" states that reduction happens at the cathode whereas oxidation happens at the anode. The anode would be the negative terminal for such galvanic cell because the anode's reaction serves as the origin of the electrons for such current.
No matter what kind of electrical cell is used, oxidation always occurs at the anode. Galvanic as well as electrolytic cells have reversible both cathode and anode charges.
Therefore, oxidation will happen at anode.
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Ammonia produced from the Haber process is responsible for feeding over a quarter of
the world’s population. Using this reaction equation, answer the question below.
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇒ 2NH₃
1. If you had 3 moles of N2 and an excess of H2, how many moles of NH3 would be produced?
2. How many moles of N2 are needed to react completely with 12 moles of H2?
3. If you had 30 molecules of H2 and an excess of N2, how many molecules of NH3 would be produced?
1. 2 moles of nitrogen reacting with an excess of hydrogen will produce moles of ammonia6 moles [tex]NH_3[/tex].
2. The number of moles of nitrogen needed to completely react with 12 moles of hydrogen is 4 moles.
3. 30 molecules of hydrogen reacting with an excess of nitrogen will produce 20 molecules of ammonia.
Stoichiometric problemThe balanced equation of the reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to produce ammonia is as follows:
[tex]N_2 + 3H_2 -- > 2NH_3[/tex]
This means that the mole ratio of [tex]N_2[/tex] to [tex]H_2[/tex] to [tex]NH_3[/tex] is 1:3:2.
If there are 3 moles of [tex]N_2[/tex] an excess of [tex]H_2[/tex]. The mole ratio of [tex]N_2[/tex] to [tex]NH_3[/tex] is 1:2. This means that for every 1 mole [tex]N_2[/tex] that reacts, 2 moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] are produced.1 mol [tex]N_2[/tex] = 2 mol [tex]NH_3[/tex]
3 mol [tex]N_2[/tex] = 3 x 2
= 6 moles [tex]NH_3[/tex]
The mole ratio of [tex]N_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2[/tex] is 1:3.3 mol [tex]H_2[/tex] = 1 mol [tex]N_2[/tex]
12 mol [tex]H_2[/tex] = 12 x 1/3
= 4 moles [tex]N_2[/tex]
The mole ratio of [tex]H_2[/tex] and [tex]NH_3[/tex] is 3:2.3 mol [tex]H_2[/tex] = 2 mol [tex]NH_3[/tex]
30 mol [tex]H_2[/tex] = 30 x 2/3
= 20 moles [tex]NH_3[/tex]
In other words, the problem is solved from the balanced equation of the reaction.
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Investigate the effect of the concentration of the disodium thiosulfate solution on the rate of the process
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O + S.
Prepare a control sample by adding 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution to 3 cm^3 of Na2S2O3 solution. Pay attention to the upcoming changes.
Pour 1 cm^3, 2 cm^3 and 3 cm^3 of Na2S2O3 solution into three test tubes respectively. Using a pipette (or syringe), add 2 cm^3 of water to the first tube, and 1 cm^3 of water to the second. Thus you get three solutions of equal volume and different concentration.
To each of the tubes successively add 1 cm^3 of sulfuric acid solution and note the time for the solution to darken from the sulfur released during the reaction. Record the results of each experiment in the table.
Graphically represent the relationship between the reaction time and the concentration of Na2S2O3 (∆t = f1(c)).
Represent the graphical dependence 1/∆t = f2(c).
Based on the graphs, draw a conclusion about the effect of concentration on the rate of the reaction.
Answer: yes but im not 100 percent sure
Explanation:
explain how the direction of electron flow in a voltaic cell is consistent with what you would predict from the activity series
In voltaic cells, electrons flow from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode).
Electrons are moved from one species to another in redox reactions. When a reaction occurs spontaneously, energy is released that can be put to good use. The process must be divided into the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction in order to capture this energy. A wire is used to move the electrons from one side of the reactions to the other after they have been placed into two separate containers. A voltaic/galvanic cell is produced as a result.
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What is the frequency of a red light with a wavelength of 650 nm?
Answer:
It would be approximately 4.61 x 10^14 Hz
Explanation:
Well if a narrow beam that is at a wavelength of approximately[tex]650 nm (650 x 10^{-9}m)[/tex] would correspond to a frequency of approximately[tex]6.61 x 10^14 Hz[/tex] which would make it be a few hundred terahertz.
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
approximately 4.61 x 10^14 Hz
I’m not a picky eater; plants or animals are just fine for me! What am I?
The answer that I need starts with an H? Im confused
The answer is Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens is a genus of animals that are omnivorous. To be omnivorous means to be able to eat a plant-based AND animal-based diet. Ther are other kinds of omnivores, however, since the key term must start with H, this makes the above the right answer.
What other kinds of animals are omnivorous?Bears, birds, dogs, raccoons, foxes, some insects, and even humans are examples of omnivores. Predators are creatures that hunt other animals, whereas prey are animals that are hunted.
As adults, frogs and toads are carnivores, devouring insects and occasionally small animals. They are herbivores as tadpoles, consuming algae and decomposing materials.
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What measuring tool would you use to measure the area of a
football field? Taking into account the tool you just chose, to what
decimal place would you record your answer? (make up some
numbers that represent the dimensions of the field and use them to
explain your answer)
Measuring tool would you use to measure the area of a football field is used a tender wheel
If you need to measure much longer lengths for example the length of a football pitch then you could use a trundle wheel then you use it by pushing the wheel along the ground and it clicks every time it measures one meter and to measure the football field area then
Area = length×breadth
Area = 90m×45m
Area = 4.05m²
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The electron configuration of an element is 1s22s22p6. Will a bond form if an atom of this element moves towards an atom having seven valence electrons? Why or why not?
Answer:
No it mostly likely would not because the first element(Neon) is already stable as it's outermost shell is completely filled
Explanation:
I'm not 100% sure about this because I know that some weird bonds do form in real life especially with the dative covalent
Chlorine can bond with fluorine to form ClF. Chlorine can also bond with lithium to form LiCl. Which compound will have a greater partial charge?Question 2 options:A) Both compounds will have the same partial charge.B) ClFC) LiClD) Neither compound will have partial charge.
In this question, we have two compounds, ClF and LiCl. The first molecule is a covalent compound, since we will not have donation of electrons but instead the sharing of electrons, but in this case, the difference of the electronegativity will cause this molecule to have Polar covalent bond, which will cause partial charges to occur. LiCl is a molecule in which we have a greater difference in electronegativity, which makes this molecule be an ionic molecule, and not covalent. Since ionic compounds have real charges, the only possible answer will be ClF, since they have partial charges. Letter B
calculate the energy in joules released by the fusion of a 1.25 -kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. there are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture.
4.2 × 10^14 J will be the energy released by the fusion of a 1.25 -kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium.
Emitted energy in the reaction will be
E = (1876.136 + 2809.45) (3728.42 +939.565)
E =017.6 Mev
Now total atomic bar weight A = (2+3) = 5 grams
total no of atoms = 2Na
for 1-25 kg
= (2Na/5)X1250
= (2x6.023×10^23/5)*1250
= 3.0115×10^26
In Joules released energy in fusion a 1.25kg mixture of denterium and trilium will be
Q = 2.65 × 10^33 × 1-6 × 10^-19 J
= 4.2 × 10^14 J
the energy released by the fusion deuterium and tritium is 4.2 × 10^14 J.
the complete question is:
The atomic masses of deuterium and tritium are 2.014102 u and 3.016049 u respectively. Calculate the energy in joules released by the fusion of a 1.25 -kg mixture of deuterium and tritium, which produces helium. There are equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei in the mixture
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witch substance exhibits metallic bonding in the solid state
Answer:
Explanation:
When in a solid state, the substances that exhibit metallic bonding include metals, metal alloys, and some metalloid elements. Metals always form metallic bonds when bonding to other metal atoms.
What are electrolytes and why are they important? (1 pt)
Unit 4 lesson 4-6
Minerals with an electric charge called electrolytes are found in your body. They can be found in various bodily fluids such as urine, tissues, and blood.
Why are electrolytes important?
Our body contains electrolytes, which are minerals with an electric charge. Our blood, urine, tissues, and other bodily fluids all contain them.Electrolytes are crucial because they aid in:
Ensuring that our body is adequately hydrated.Maintain a pH balance in our body.Transfer nutrition to our cells.Clear our cells of wastes.Make sure our heart, brain, muscles, and nerves all function properly.The many electrolytes include sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium. They come from the foods we consume and the liquids we drink.
The body's electrolyte levels might get too high or too low when the body's water balance changes. The amount of water we consume and lose should be equal. If something throws off this equilibrium, we can be dehydrated or have too much water on our body (overhydration).
The water balance can be thrown off by a number of factors, including some medications, nausea, diarrhea, perspiration, and liver or kidney issues.
We can regulate the imbalance with the aid of treatment. Additionally, the cause of the imbalance must be determined and addressed.
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question content area use the references to access important values if needed for this question. what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between si and h in silane, sih4? orbital on si orbital on h what is the approximate h-si-h bond angle?
sp^3 is the hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond and 1s is the orbital on si orbital on h and bond angle is 120.
In a complex molecule or ion, the angle between two orbitals that contain bonding electron pairs, or bonds, that are arranged around the centre atom is referred to as the bond angle. Using a spectroscopic approach, it is estimated and measured in degrees. How many lone electron pairs are present affects the bond angles. For instance, boron trichloride has a trigonal planar structure, no lone pairs, a bond angle of 120 degrees, and none of these characteristics.
Hybrid orbitals are created by combining the atomic orbitals of a single atom in a model in a way that creates a fresh set of orbitals with geometries suitable for forming bonds in the directions suggested by the VSEPR model. In order to create new hybrid orbitals, atomic orbitals are mixed.
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what is the number of sigma and pi bonds in C2H4O2??
There are 7 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond in C2H4O2.
What are sigma bonds?Sigma bonds are known as the strongest type of covalent chemical bond which are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals. Sigma bond is most simply defined for diatomic molecules using the language and tools of symmetry groups.
There are some parameters in determining sigma bonds and they include the following:
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