Sort the descriptions or examples into inherited or somatic mutations

Clumping and creating plugs in the blood vessel injuries is the function of platelet to stop bleeding. When the skin is cut, the body starts to secrete platelet to stop the bleeding or form a clot until the wound is sealed. This is called positive feedback which contributes to the accelated formation of platelet that fill in the injured blood vessels and to prevent extreme blood loss.

Q1: As we know the limbs, especially arms are homologous structures, which means that possess a common ancestor, so we can find structures that have the same origin, even when each has suffered changes accordingly to their adaptations, the origin is the same, and the same bones are present such as radius and ulna.

Q2: As we said the evolutive origin is the same, however, the function is the same, the ancestral structure suffered changes according to their own selective pressures, for example, bats possess long phalanges that allow flight, meanwhile human has opposable thumbs that allow tool management.

The vascular tissue of vascular plants is made up of various kinds of cells and components. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.

Remember that the xylem transports water and dissolved mineral salts and the phloem transports sap made by cells and by photosynthesis.

Therefore, both the xylem and phloem form the vascular tissue of plants.

Now, the formation of the xylem and phloem is given by the vascular cambium. This vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem cells and originates from procambium that has not completely differentiated during the formation of primary xylem and primary phloem.

Now, Xylem can contain three types of elongated cells: tracheids, vascular elements or vessels (tracheae), and fibers. At maturity, when they perform transport functions, all these cells are dead.

Then, the cells of Xylem are:

- Tracheids.

- Tracheas or Vessels.

The phloem consists of two types of conducting cells: sieve tubes, which are the most characteristic elements, and annex cells.

The cells of Phloem are:

- Sieve cell and sieve tubes.

- Albumin cells.

- Companion cells

We can conclude that the correct answer is:

The elements that form Phloem are:

sieve elements, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.

The elements that form Xylem are:

long tracheary elements, parenchyma, and fibers.

In the diagram, part 11 corresponds to the pulmonary alveoli, which is where the gas exchange occurs, given that they are surrounded by capillaries and the oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse between the capillaries and the alveoli.

So, capillaries are the part of the circulatory system that interacts with alveoli.

The types of respiration in humans are:

• Pulmonary ventilation,: the process of, taking air in and out of the lungs, (inhalation and exhalation). ,This involves the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs, as well as the diaphragm (structures 1 to 11)

• External respiration ,is the ,gas exchange, that, occurs in the alveoli (structure 11),, where the carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood cells in the capillaries to the alveoli, and the oxygen goes from the alveoli to the capillaries.

• Internal respiration ,is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that occurs ,between the blood cells and all the other cells in the body,.

• Cellular respiration, is the set of metabolic reactions that takes place in the mitochondria of each cell to break glucose to obtain energy in the form of ATP, which requires the presence of oxygen.

The correct answer is D. Sunning themselves

Sunning or sunbathing is a method used by the organism to raise its body temperature.

The options changes in blood flow, panting, and sweating are means of the endotherms to cool their body temperature.

Option D epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells.

Epigenetic modifications effect gene expression and have the ability to "turn on" and "turn off" genes, whereas hereditary changes can affect which proteins are created. Since your environment and habits, including diet and exercise, can modify your epigenome, the relationship between your genetics, actions, and environment is easy to comprehend. Epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate how an organism's genome is influenced by its environment, are molecular processes .During transcription, translation, and subsequent protein modification, which normally leads to the production of protein, the genetic information is transferred from the archival copy of DNA to short-lived messenger RNA. Even though every cell in an organism has essentially the same DNA, the qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression as well as the control of gene expression lead to the diverse cell types and functions.

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Answer:

The answer is the first option. The trailing edge is composed of many filopodia containing tight parallel bundles. These filopodia push trailing edge away from the location it was previously occupying.

Explanation:

Cells migrating in tissues exhibit both filopodia and lamellipodia. These thin protrusive extensions are ideal for exploring and penetrating tissue spaces. They are also well suited for intercalating between cells, such as during the migration of leukocytes across endothelial layers.

Therefore the answer is the first option.

Environmental science focuses on the interactions between humans and the environment.

Environmental science focuses on the interactions between humans and the Environment, which is in the third option. So, the correct answer is first option .

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field that examines the interactions between humans and the environment. It involves the study of various aspects of the environment, including the physical, biological, and social sciences. Environmental scientists investigate the complex relationships and interactions between natural systems, human activities, and the environment. Scientists, including ecologists, biologists, chemists, geologists, and other specialists, contribute to understanding and addressing environmental challenges and finding sustainable solutions. So, the correct answer is first option .

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The statement that is not true about recycling plastics is Only plastics marked with the #1 resin code can be recycled economically; option A.

Plastics are artificially produced materials that are polymers of organic compounds usually derived from petroleum.

Plastics are non-biodegradable, hence. they contribute a lot to environmental pollution.

In order to reduce environmental pollution from plastics, the plastics industry developed a means to reuse already produced plastic to make new plastics in a process known as recycling.

Plastics marked with the #1 and #2 resin code can be recycled economically.

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The mRNA is used to synthesize polypeptides in a process called translation, and for that the mRNA is interpreted as a series of groups with three nucleotides each, called codons. So for each three letters, we have a codon. The codons transcribe the following amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Selenocysteine.

The codons are organized in a chart, as the one that follows:

As the translation starts with an AUG codon, we sometimes have to leave some trios behind. The answer would be as follows:

1. AUG - met | GGG - gly | AUA - ile | CGC - arg | UAC - tyr | CCC - pro

The sequence would be MET-GLY-ILE-ARG-TYR-PRO

2. We will start only after the AUG codon

AUG - met | CUA - leu | AUC - ile | CCU - pro

The sequence would be MET-LEU-ILE-PRO

3. Again, we start after the AUG codon, and if the stop codon shows up the translation stops

The sequence would be only AUG - met | UAA - stop

MET

4. AUG - met | CGG - arg | UCA - ser | GCC - ala | CCG - pro | UGA - stop

The sequence would be MET-ARG-SER-ALA-PRO

In Support with Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, Hess explained how the merged continents have detached into the seven different continents that exist today.

Alfred Wegener's hypothesis state that all continents exist today was attached together in primitive times and existed as supercontinent called as Pangaea . While Seafloor spreading proves that the ocean itself is a site of tectonic activity. Earth in its Shape with Seafloor spreading is just the part of tectonics movement.

Seafloor spreading also give an idea to explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures that occur in the lithosphere that caused movement.

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The sliding filament theory explains how muscles in the human body contract to produce force.

Scientists discover that under de microscopy changes in the sarcomeres as muscle tissue, they observed that during contraction one part of the sarcomere arrangement (named the "A band") remained in constant length. This band contains myosin filaments. On the other hand, the band that changes length is composed of actin filaments

Only 1 out of four individuals from the offspring of a monohybrid cross would be RR.

A: One

If an allele is dominant, it only needs one to be the phenotype.

An observational study means that the researchers observe the data without changing anything, while in an experimental study the researchers change something to observe the effects of what they changed.

A survey of the preferred food of the guest is not changing anything, just asking for preferences, so this is an observational study.

Most of the bones in the skull are held together by non-moving joints called sutures.

Answer:

Sutures are a type of fibrous joints (or fixed joints) that hold together the bones of the skull and don't allow the joined bones to move.

Acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

Head of the radius articulates with the capitellum of the humerus.

Sternal end of clavicle articulates with manubrium of sternum.

Trochlea of humerua articulates with troclhea notch of ulna.

Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of humerus.

The point at which two or more bones meet is referred to as articulation or a joint which are functioning for movement and balance.

Planting one kind of tree is another form of a monoculture. Monoculture hampers ecosystem functioning, as it diminishes functional biodiversity. Terrestrial ecosystems are a complex network of several species, that interact with constant feedback among themselves. Trees are primary productors, which means they produce the essential nutrients (that is, organic carbon) that other animals will use to nourish and grow. Different types of primary productors begets functional diversity of herbivores (animals that harm them) and also symbiotic diversity (organisms that benefit them). Besides this, tree's diversity promotes soil stability and function, which is critical to keep the ecosystem working in the long run. Without a proper soil, trees will eventually die, which would annhilate terrestrial biodiversity. So, monocultures are not a pretty good idea in places like tropical forest, where there are a lot of different tree species. On the contrary, in ecosystems such as pine forest, where there is one dominant tree species (which is not the same, as only one tree species, it is just that one tree species is more abundant), planting one kind of tree (the dominant one) could be a good practice to restore the ecosystem.

Answer:

Some disadvantages of planting one kind of tree include:

1. Loss of biodiversity (the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem).

2. They don't provide the necessary amount of nutrition/food.

3. It just takes up a lot of space in the future for when you could be building a farm or something.

Explanation:

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In the experiment, Alice placed a sprig of Elodea in water with sodium bicarbonate as a source of carbon and then placed it under a strong light so it would photosynthesize.

Given that photosynthesis takes a carbon source, water, and light to produce glucose and oxygen, the most logical conclusion is that the bubbles are formed because the Elodea plant is releasing oxygen (option c).

Asthma is a type of respiratory disease in whcih the lung's air passages become too narrow and has excessive mucus production. This will lead a person to experience difficulty of breathing, coughing, and tightness in the chest area. Asthma attacks occur when it is triggered by allergens, strenuous activities, and stress.

We can suspect that Melissa probably has asthma based on the symptoms of coughing for several days and she is experiencing difficulty in breathing.

Smooth muscle has a series of characteristics that identify it, Presents a single nucleus, has a different type of myosin, they are not organized in sarcomeres therefore so they are not striated, and they generate weak membrane potentials, however, can be contracted for long periods of time and the movement is not consciously controlled. Therefore we can say that the correct answer is option b.

The biological process that is taking place in the picture in the question is called translation (b), meaning the event where the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (amino acids chain) that form a protein.

Answer:

Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by greenhouse gases.

Answer

A molecule that absorbs light and has a color

Explanation

A pigment is a generic term for a molecule that absorbs light and has a color. Plants contain many pigments, giving rise to the various colors we see. Flowers and fruits obviously contain a large number of organic molecules that absorb light. Leaves, stems and roots also contain a variety of pigments.

The most probable answer is the glove, since it has space for five fingers but is not made by meat, nor by egg, and it is not alive.

Water is the single source as it provides the electrons by splitting into oxygen and hydrogen. This process happens during the light-dependent reactions.