Scientists believe that over 99 percent (D answer option) of species that once existed on Earth are now extinct. This can be known by archeologist research, which allows us to know what species lived in the past by studying the soil, its different layers, and the found fossils, dating with high precision how many years ago those organisms inhabited our planet. With these research tools, we have known that there were at least five massive extinctions on the Earth, where aquatic and terrestrial species perished, and they are the Ordovician-Silurian (around 440 mya), Devonian, the Permian-Triassic, the Triassic-Jurassic, and the Cretaceous-tertiary (65 mya) extinctions.
identify and explain if the feedback loop is positive or negativecirculatory system
Well, first we have to consider that when we talk about positive and negative feedback, usually we refer to homeostasis, which's a kind of balance our bodies do regarding physiological processes.
Having this in mind, we use the term negative feedback to signal the balance of nutrients (e.g. oxygen, minerals), pressure, and temperature, our blood does to achieve the normal equilibrium of this in our body.
In the same way, when we say positive feedback, we refer to those processes that our body carries out to keep or maintain the influence of a stimulus.
In 2019 a global pandemic devastated the world. 5AR * 5 - CoV - 2 a variation of the SARS virus, has been responsible for this devastation and has affected all of us one way or another. Knowing what you have learnt so far about genetics explain how this virus has persisted for so long by referring to your knowledge on mutations and give an explanation as to how this knowledge helps us fight the virus?
As we know the virus known as SARS-CoV 2 belongs to the family of coronavirus, this means that is a monocatenary RNA virus which confers it a high mutation rate, as was a new type of virus there was no antiviral known to be effective or vaccine which leads to catastrophic consequences, nonetheless, vaccines were developed in a quite short time, however, the virus keeps mutating and even when vaccines are effective preventing grave forms of Covid-19, the mutations have made the new virus strains more infectious that is to say they are transmitted easier in other cases also are more aggressive as was the case of delta variant, in some other, the symptoms are not grave even more the disease can go unnoticed like sile omicron or BA.2 which allows a greater rate of infection. In conclusion, the mutations have changed the time of incubation, the severity of the symptoms, vulnerable groups, and infection rate, a fact that has allowed the virus to continue active.
What animals in the Epipelagic Zone are producers, consumers and decomposers?
The epipelagic zone is the illuminated zone at the surface of the sea in which enough light is available for photosynthesis to happen. The producers that live in this area includes cyanobacteria, floating seaweed and phytoplanctons. The consumers in this area can be represented by herbivorous and carnivorous zooplanctons, fishes, whales, dolphins and squids.
What are three main differences between how plant and animal cells are structured?
The three main differences between plant and animal cells are:
1. Plant cells have a cell wall, a structure that's located outside the plasma membrane to protect the cell. Animal cells will never show a cell wall.
2. Plant cells have chloroplasts, organelles needed for photosynthesis to take place. This is what makes a plant an autotroph. Animal cells will never show a chloroplast.
3. Plant cells do not have centrioles and centrosomes, but animal cells do. Also, plant cells always shows one or a few large vacuoles, while in animal cells vacuoles are small and in a large number.
Summarize how scientists use evidence from rock strata to create a geologic time scale and organize Earth's 4.6 billion year history. In your response be sure to include the following:How do they divide the time periods/events of the 4.6 billion year history?Explain how they interpret rock age using relative dating principlesWhat are some examples of evidence they use from the rock strata?
The geologic time scale was developed after scientists observed changes in the fossils going from oldest to youngest sedimentary rocks. They used relative dating to divide Earth's past in several chunks of time when similar organisms were on Earth.
Scientists divide Earth's entire 4.6 billion years into four major time periods. The oldest — and by far the longest — is called the Precambrian. It is divided into Eons known as the Hadean (HAY-dee-un), Archean (Ar-KEY-un), and Proterozoic (Pro-tur-oh-ZOE-ik). After the Precambrian come to the Paleozoic Era and Mesozoic Era.
In interpreting rock age the use of relative dating puts the sequences of rocks layers into chronological order. Although the layers are no longer horizontal, geologists are able to determine their order.
Examples interpreted from rock strata provide a way to organize Earth's history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small.
After seeing variations in the fossils as they moved from oldest to youngest sedimentary strata, geologists came up with the geologic time scale. Relative dating was used to split Earth's history into periods when comparable creatures were present.
What is a geologic time scale?Relative dating is used to chronologically organize the strata of rocks in order to understand rock age. Geologists can still discern the sequence of the strata, despite the fact that they are no longer horizontal.
Earth's history may be organized using examples derived from rock layers. The fossil record and the analysis of rock layers only reveal relative dates an absolute scale is not provided.
Therefore, to examine systems that are too huge or too tiny, events can be seen at multiple sizes using models.
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True or false: ATP synthase converts ADP into sugars
*if false, state what it really converts into
It is a false statement that ATP synthase converts ADP into sugars. It converts ADP to ATP.
What is ATP synthase?The ATP synthase is an enzyme that is responsible for the production of ATP from ADP. The term ATP is adenosine triphosphate while the term ADP is adenosine diphosphate.
We know that the enzyme ATP synthase is a precursor, in the presence of the precursor, there is the conversion of the ADP into ATP which is the energy molecule of the living cells.
It is not true, from the discussion above that the role of the enzyme is to convert ADP to sugars.
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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic environment. Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
The environment can either be biotic or abiotic. These make up an ecosystem. The community of living organisms in an ecosystem is making an interaction with their abiotic environment as well as with the other living organisms present in the ecosystem.
Answer - False
Some plants have specialized tube-like structures that transport nutrients, minerals, and water. Water and dissolved ions are transported by xylem tubes. Phloem tubes transport nutrients. The picture below is a cross-section of a celery stalk with the xylem showing in the red bundles . In which direction would the water be moving in this celery stalk?A) The water would be flowing upwards towards the leaves.B) The water would be flowing downwards towards through the stem and to the roots.
The movement of water in celery happens because of the capllary action in the xylem, the water moves up from the roots through the stem and into the branches and leaves. Therefore, the answer for the question is A (the water would be flowing upwards towards the leaves).
all living things whether plants and animlas are made up of this basic unit of life
Answer
Cells
Explanation
All living things, plants and animals are made up of cells.
A cell consists of three basic parts, 1. a nucleus - which is the center of the cell, and it contains chromosomes that carry genetic information. 2. a cytoplasm which is the medium for all the organelles, it consists of water and salts which makes up the solution that enclosing the cell. 3. the cell membrane, which is used by the cell to sepate the inner part of the cell from the outer part. So the cell consists of many other organelles like mitochondria.
Which term means pertaining to the spinal cord?
O myelonic
Omedullary
O cerebellar
O encephalic
Answer: Myelonic
Explanation:
Where in the bone are redblood cells made?A. periosteumB. compact boneC. spongy boneD. joint capsule
The red blood cells are made in the red bone marrow which is in the spongy bone. Therefore, the answer is C.
Below, determine if these are correct abiotic factors • the depth of a body of water (lake, river, pond) • the climate of an area (example: North Alabama is considered a temperate climate)• the width of a lake, river, pond, etc..• the season (example: July)
Abiotic factos are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that can affect the ecosystems and the living organims. The depth of a body of water, climate, width of a body of water and the seasons are all abiotic factors.
Is Kudzu considered an autotroph ? Explain shortly (1-2 sentences)
Kudzu can be considered an autotroph because kudzu vine can cover forest plants and kill them by competing with them for sunlight. This vine has a significant impact on forest ecosystems.
Kudzu spreads swiftly and out of control by runners (stems that root at the tip when in contact with moist soil), rhizomes, and vines that generate new plants by rooting at the nodes.
Kudzu grows at a rate of one foot per day after it is established, and its mature vines can reach a length of 100 feet. Fast-growing invasive plants like kudzu outcompete anything from native grasses to fully developed trees by blocking the sunlight needed for photosynthetic activity.
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explain the difference between a natural fertilizer and a artificial fertilizer
Which of the following are true of transitional species? Select all that apply.- fossil between bird and reptile - Archaeopteryx- fossil between reptile and mammal - Tiktaalik- supports the theory of evolution- fossils in a stage between ancestral species and modern species- refutes the theory of evolution
Transitional species are the species that are considered as intermediate. They are the species in between two contrasting species.
Archaeopteryx is considered as a transitional species because their fossils are in between dinosaurs and modern birds. Tiktaalik are also considered as transitional species because they are in between fish and and early tetrapod.
Transitional species supports the theory of evolution. The fossils found are considered as evidence for evolution. Transitional fossils are debris of species that are present in between ancestral species and modern species.
Answer - Options 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The last option is not correct. Transitional species does not contradict the theory of evolution. It supports the theory of evolution. Transitional fossils are evidence for evolution. Transitional fossils are debris of species that are present in between ancestral species and modern species.
Write a 4 to 5 sentence paragraph that Contrast the growth of a butterfly in a grasshopper from egg to an adult. Be sure to include the terms complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis in answer
The butterfly begins its life as a larva or a caterpillar. A caterpillar molts as it grows. When it reaches its full size, it forms into pupa and undergoes metamorphosis where the butterfly begins to form. A grasshopper however, is an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis where it hatches from an egg and goes through the three nymphal stages. Each of the nymphal stage shows a smaller version of the insect and becomes larger as it grows. The third stage will show the adult form of the grasshopper.
Label the following as either features of xylem or phloem:1. Functions in transpiration 2. Cells are hollow3. Conducts animo acida4. Conducts water5. Sieve tube members6. Conducts carbohydrates7. Tracheids8. Living at maturity9. Vessel elements10. Cells are dead at maturity11. Sieve cells12. Comprises wood13. Companion cells
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and minerals. It is composed of tracheids, vessel elements, and xylem parenchyma.
Features of xylem:
• conducts water ,(4)
,• tracheids & vessel elements = both are hollow and elongated cells. ,(2,7,9)
,• Dead at maturity, ,(10)
,• Functions in transpiration, ,(1)
,• Comprises wood ,(12)
Phloem is a vascular tissue that transports organic compounds like glucose from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant. It is composed of sieve cells, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.
Features of phloem:
• Conducts carbohydrates and amino acids ,(3,6)
,• Sieve tube members, sieve cells, companion cells = Connected as hollow tubes ,(2,5,11,13)
,• Living at maturity ,(8)
Briefly explain digestion
Digestion is the process by which the digestive system assimilates the necessary substances (energy, minerals and vitamins) from the food consumed, which then are transfered by the circulatory system to every cell of the body.
Which of the following is the EON in which we now live?A. ArcheanB. PhanerozoicC. DevonianD. Paleozoic
We live now in an eon of 542 million years in which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It is the Phanerozoic eon. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Phanerozoic.
How are messages carried throughout the human body from the brain to the nervous system?A) Active transportB) Electrical signalsC)
The answer is the letter B. Electrical signals.
*Our brain and body communicates with each other by sending messages in the form of electrical signals.
Which of these is a sudden event that can change earths atmosphere?
To answer this question we need to remember a bit of the earth's history. In the first stages, Precambrian, on earth, there was no oxygen, nonetheless with the rise of photosynthesis by cyanobacteria the concentration increased, nonetheless it was a gradual process, now also there was an increase in carbon dioxide levels at the end of the Mesozoic due to intense volcanic activity along with other factors. So taking this into consideration we can say that the correct answer is the third option, as a volcano is a sudden event and if large enough maybe it won't change all the atmosphere, but can generate a local change.
The receptors for pain are called:оооbare dendrites of sensory neurons.cones.rods.hair cells.
The pain receptors are called as noniceptors that are known to exist in muscle, joints, ad skin. A noxious stimulus is known by receptors that are located on the cell membrane of the sonsory nerve ending.
Hair cells are the sonsory receptors of both the auditory system and vestibular system in the the ears of all vertebrates and lateral line organ of fishes.
During vision, rod and cone phoroceptors respond to light intensity and color.
Answer - Option 1 - bare dendrites of sensory neurons
9. What is the process called when two varieties of plants are crossed in anattempt to create a new variety with traits from both parents?A. cloningB. hybridizationC. selective breeding
To answer this question we need to remember come concepts first, cloning implies that an identical genetic individual is created, meanwhile, selective breeding means that only the members of a population that exhibit the desired trait will be crossed, which left us hybridization, this involves a cross between species or varieties, therefore this is the correct answer (option B).
*in your own words, give a general description of the species“Wolf spider”In your description make sure to include the identification and scientific name of this species, it’s trophic level, what biomes it resides in, and its role in the ecosystem. What is it in the food web?
The scientific name of this species is Lycosidae.
Wolf spiders are hairy, range in size from around half an inch to two inches, and typically have different markings or strains of brown to gray hue. Mother wolf spiders carry their bulky egg sacs around with them. When the spiderlings hatch, they climb onto their mother's back and travel until they are about halfway grown.
Wolf spiders have developed the ability to survive in almost any place. While some species live in volcanic lava tubes, others are found on cold, stony mountaintops.
Ecosystems - Birds, reptiles, and rodents make up the prey of wolf spiders. Food web - Spiders are carnivorous creatures that eat a variety of creatures. They prey on specific types of top consumers. Spiders are therefore secondary buyers.
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Which of the following can be labeled as abiotic factors?RocksPlantsAnimalsHumans
Abiotic factors are components of environment that are not living. Examples are water, soil, minerals, and nutrients.
ANSWER: Rocks.
Answer: rocks is correct
Explanation: penn foster answer
All living things on Earth are alike because they:OA. use energy from the Sun to make food.B. breathe air in order to obtain oxygen.C. contain the same five kinds of nucleotides.D. have the same sequence of nucleotide bases.
All living things on Earth are alike because, even though there are a lot of different adaptations which have result in different morphologies, structures and physiological mechanisms, they all contain the same five kinds of nucleotides, but the sequence of nucleotide bases that conform the genes is different.
Only photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to make food, and although most of the organisms are aerobic, there are also some anaerobic.
So the correct answer is option C: contain the same five kinds of nucleotides.
These life processes require energy. Which process does not occur in plants?A)1B)2C)3D)4
All the processes in the question requires energy, but the only one that does not occur in plants is the 1. Locomotion, since a plant do not move on its own.
Select all of the limiting factors that are density-dependent. (There are 4 correct answers.)Question 14 options:FireDiseasePredationHurricaneCompetition for FoodCompetition for LightFlood
In the question the options that are density-dependent factors (biotic factors) are:
- Disease;
- Predation;
- Competition for food;
- Competition for light.
All the other options are abiotic factors that can happen by events related to the geography and climate of the habitat.
Do you think the risks of the gene drive getting into another species are worth gaining biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Using gene drive to control on invasive species could damage the environment in ways that are very hard to predict, by causing unintended consecuences.
For example, while intending to affect only a local population, gene drive could spread to an entire species by the return of any individual of the species to its original habitats. This could be by migration, accidental human tranportation, intentional relocation or a different way. If this happens it would drive the entire species to extintion causing damage to the ecosistem as it would affect other species that interact with the original.
It is important to acknowledge that the use of gene drive has permanent consecuences and that it is very hard to predict the effect it will eventually have in the ecosystem.
Also, there are ather ways that sould be considered to control invasive species such as the intentional manipulation of natural enemies, use of pesticides or herbicides, manipulation of the habitat to increase mortality, etc.
Moreover there is the possibility of affecting other non-target species that are able to interbreed with the original, causing a permanent damage in the ecosystem.
In conclution, the risks of gene drive may not be worthy, specially because the damage will be permanent and the real effect it will have is extremly hard to predict.
How does a change in the DNA sequence affect the amino acid produced during translation?
A) A change in the DNA sequence sometimes changes the RNA sequence, which could lead to a different amino acid during translation.
B) A change in the DNA sequence does not affect the RNA sequence, but may lead to a change in the amino acid sequence.
C) A change in the DNA sequence changes the RNA sequence, which sometimes leads to a change in the resulting amino acid
D) A change in the DNA sequence results in a change to the RNA sequence, but does not change the amino acid created.
When the DNA or RNA sequences are altered, the resultant amino acid can occasionally change as a result. A completely new sequence of amino acids may be produced as a result of how the ribosome interprets the mRNA sequence.
The amino acid sequence of the protein that the gene codes for can be altered by changes to the DNA sequence of that gene, a process known as mutation. A single DNA letter can change in a point mutation. They can be divided into three categories: Missense mutations alter a protein's single amino acid. DNA sequence modifications are known as mutations. Viral infection, mutagen exposure, or errors in DNA replication during cell division can all lead to mutations.
As a result, option C, which reads: "A change in the DNA sequence affects the RNA sequence, which occasionally results in a change in the resultant amino acid," is the right statement.
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