In mammalian females, the majority of one X chromosome's genes are shut down in a process called X chromosome inactivation. The inactive X is condensed and afterwards called a barrbodies. Because the shutdown is random in the embryonic cells formed by the time inactivation occurs, all mature mammalian females are a inactivate for the expression of X chromosome genes. The inactivation of one X in the female is thought to balance gene expression between males and females, a theory called X-inactivation/Lyonisation. The shutdown of the X chromosome is accomplished by the Xist gene. SRY is the master gene for male sex determination in mammals and is found on the human Y-chromosome.
Respiration occurs at which of the following structures of the respiratory system?
A.
Alveolar ducts
B.
Alveoli
C.
Bronchioles
D.
Lungs
The respiratory system's alveoli are where breathing takes place (option -B) is correct answer.
Where in the respiratory system does respiration occur?in the lungs
The bronchi within the lungs branch into smaller bronchi and still smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Alveoli, which are tiny air sacs at the ends of bronchioles, are where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Your lungs, blood vessels, and airways are all a part of it. A component of the respiratory system are the muscles that move your lungs. Together, these components circulate oxygen throughout the body and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.
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Which of the following statements is the most accurate reason why freshwater biomes are important?A.They supply freshwater to support life on Earth.B. They store freshwater and do not release it.C. They contain more water than the oceans.D. They provide a limitless supply of fresh water.
The best option would be the letter A. They supply freshwater to support life on Earth.
Freshwater is the ultimate source of water in the terrestrial biome. It is not only important in the terrestrial biome but also in the aquatic ecosystem as it helps in transporting nutrients (ex. river is connected to the ocean).
How does Claire’s diagnosis explain why 1 mL of liquid from her small intestine digested protein slowly but 1 mg of her pure protease digested protein normally?
The explanation that can be given for the slow digestion of proteins is that the liquid from the small intestine contained negligible amount of the proteolytic enzymes as compared to the pure isolated form of protease enzyme.
The enzymes which are responsible for the digestion of proteins are known as proteolytic enzymes. They are also termed as proteases. Proteolytic enzymes are synthesized by plants, animals, bacteria as well as fungi. Protease enzyme is necessary for the breakdown as well as absorption of proteins.
This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds that are present in a protein molecule and transforms them into dipeptides, tripeptides as well as amino acids.
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the metabolism of mannose requires to produce for entry into the glycolytic pathway. i. phosphomannose isomerase; fructose-6-phosphate ii. hexokinase; glucose-6-phosphate iii. hexokinase; fructose-6-phosphate iv. phosphomannose isomerase; glucose-6-phosphate v. phosphofructokinase; bisphosphoglycerate
fructose-6-phosphate; fructomannose isomerase
Mannose enters glycolysis in what way?Mannose first undergoes phosphorylation by hexokinase before entering glycolysis. The phosphomannose isomerase enzyme then isomerises the freshly generated mannose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate. The sugar can now follow the typical glycolytic pathway because it is in the right shape.
Mannose, galactose, and fructose enter the glycolytic process in what way?Through fructose-1-phosphate, glucose enters the glycolytic route, mannose is phosphorylated to become mannose-6-phosphate, and galactose is enzymatically changed into glucose-6-phosphate.
Hexokinase is able to phosphorylate mannose.Although both enzymes can phosphorylate other hexoses including fructose and mannose, they can also support development on glucose.
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How do metamorphic and igneous rock, exposed in mountains, become sedimentary rock over time?
Answer:
Erosion and weathering
Explanation:
First what is erosion and weathering?
Erosion-Resources worn away and transported by natural forces from one place to another.
Weathering-Being worn away by long exposure to the atmosphere.
Now that we know that, what does this have anything to do with it?
Metamorphic and igneous rocks are weathered and eroded down till they turn into Sediment , after they turn into Sediment, they will be compressed and form sedimentary rocks over time and start the rock cycle again.
In a particular bacterial cell, β-galactosidase is at high concentrations but b-galactoside permease is at very low concentrations. Which is the most likely explanation?.
In a specific bacterial cell, b-galactoside permease is found in relatively low concentrations compared to large levels of -galactosidase, which is due to a mutation in one of structural genes.
What constitutes a mutation?
an alteration to the typical dna sequence so at particular gene locus. polymorphisms, which are mutations, can have a positive, negative, or neutral impact on how cells function, despite the fact that the term is frequently used negatively.
A mutation results in what?
A genetic mutation occurs to the dna sequence of a gene that results in the production of an alternative. The dna sequence of that gene undergoes a permanent alteration as a result. for humans to evolve a evolution that occurs over a number of generations genetic variety is crucial. One individual experiences a random genetic mutation.
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Many of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell occur in thewatery material lying between the nucleus and the cell membrane.This material is calledA. cytoplasmC. cell wallB. chloroplast D. blood plasma
The answer is letter A. cytoplasm. It is known to have a water substance where the cell organelles are suspended, and it is also a site for the biochemical processes within the cell.
in keeping with the scientific method, lab reports should be organized in the following sections: i. introduction ii. materials and methods iii. results iv. discussion
The sections listed below should be included in lab reports:
i. introduction ii. materials and methods iii. discussion iv. results
How should a biology lab report's introduction be written?The goal of the experiment is stated in a lab report's introduction, which also gives the reader some background information. Clearly and succinctly describe the subject of your report. Provide the reader with background theory, prior research, or formulas they should be familiar with.
Which steps of the scientific method should come first?Follow these steps to conduct an experiment: observe, ask a question, formulate a hypothesis, carry it out, gather data, analyze it, and report the findings.
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List and briefly explain four reasons why plants are propagated vegetatively(rather than sexually propagated)
As we know that plants reproduces through the process of vegetative propagation as vegetative propagation can be defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in plants to form new plants from a parent plant part.
What is vegetative propagation?The term vegetative propagation has been defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in the plants to form new plants from a parent plant part. Plants produced by the process of vegetative propagation are identified as clones of their parent plants as there has no involvement of genetic material during the process.
The formation of the new plants through the parts such as bulbs, grafting, tuber, cutting or tissue culture are examples of the process of vegetative propagation.
Therefore, As we know that plants reproduces through the process of vegetative propagation as vegetative propagation can be defined as the type of asexual reproduction, which takes place in plants to form new plants from a parent plant part.
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What is true of the elevation of every point along any given contour line?
Answer:
Every point on a contour line is of the exact same elevation
Explanation:
Every point on a contour line is of the exact same elevation. In other words, contour lines connect points of equal elevation. By definition, contour lines separate points of higher elevation from points of lower elevation.
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Which of the following Kingdoms cannot get energy from Photosynthesis? A. Eubacteria B. Fungi C. Protista D. Planate
As we know there are three types of organisms capable to perform photosynthesis cyanobacteria (eubacteria), plants (Plantae), and algae (protist), so we can say that the correct answer is option B fungi.
Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to.
Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to. mRNA sequences within the DNA.
Most CCPs prevent activation of the host cell surface complement system and protect host tissues from autoimmune damage. As such, these proteins play important roles in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Membrane-bound complement regulatory protein (mCRP) is one of the factors that perform a tight regulatory function on the complement system, thereby protecting the body from the harmful effects of excess complement.
Control of the complement system is maintained by a group of cell surface and circulating proteins called complement regulatory proteins. Expression of cell surface complement regulatory proteins varies between tissues.
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PLEASE HELP ME ON THIS
Answer:d
Explanation:
1 a 2 d 3 b 4 a
Please help me with this question
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Amari sorted knives, forks, and spoons when he put them in
the kitchen drawer.
What is most likely the way Amari sorted the silverware?
Shape
O Size
O Matter
Color
What have the scientific studies identified as the major cause of acid rain in the united states?.
Burning fossil fuels causes sulfur and nitrogen compounds to be released into the atmosphere, which is the main cause of acid rain in the United States.
What is acid rain?Any type of precipitation that contains acidic elements, such as sulfuric or nitric acid, which falls to the ground from the surroundings in wet or dry forms is considered as acid rain, also known as acid deposition. This can apply to rain, snow, fog, hail, corrosive dust, and even the absence of sunlight.One effect of air pollution is acid rain. Fuel-burning gases mix with oxygen in the air and water vapor to create acids, which then fall as rain on the earth's surface.It has been demonstrated that acid rain has negative effects on trees, freshwaters, soils, destroys insects and aquatic life, causes paint to peel, causes steel constructions like bridges to corrode, and causes stone buildings to weather.To learn more about acid rain refer to :
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Nucleus,cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleolus,vacuoles, lysosomes,ribosomes, nuclear membrane,centriole,chromatin,
Golgi complex , endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplast
Answer:nucleus
Explanation:
Polyploidy is the condition in which A. a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome. B. an organism has an extra set of chromosomes. C. a mutagen speeds the mutation rate. D. an insect develops a resistance to a pesticide.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
it is a eatra set of it set it a chromosome that how it that
A. a gaseous structure
C. a liquid structure
A mineral, such as
the quartz shown
here, has which of
the following mineral
characteristics?
B. a crystalline structure
D. a plasma structure
A mineral, such as the quartz shown here, has a crystalline structure mineral characteristics.
When in contact with the majority of chemicals, quartz is chemically inert. It is useful in electronic equipment because of its electrical characteristics and heat resistance. Due to its shine, color, and diaphaneity, it can be used to create glass in addition to serving as a gemstone.
Trigonal-trapezohedral crystal class 32 includes quartz. Silica makes up the hard, crystalline mineral known as quartz (silicon dioxide). With each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, the atoms are connected in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, giving the material its overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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When doing medical research with human subjects, which four limitations are unavoidable?
It’s often impossible to repeat trials on the same subjects.
Subjects may report an inaccurate medical history.
It can be difficult to control all possible variables.
It’s impossible to come up with testable scientific questions for human subjects.
There are ethical or privacy concerns to consider.
In medical research with human subjects, four limitations are unavoidable A, B, C, E.
What is medical research with human subjects?An example of medical research is one that incorporates elements of biology, chemistry, and pharmacology.
The following are some restrictions on medical research using human subjects:
Trials on the same subjects can frequently not be repeated.
Subjects could give a false medical history.
Trying to manage every potential variable might be challenging.
There are ethical and privacy issues to take into account.
Therefore, human subjects include inaccurate medical histories, and repeat trials, hence option A, B, C, and E are correct.
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Answer:
It’s often impossible to repeat trials on the same subjects.
Subjects may report an inaccurate medical history.
It can be difficult to control all possible variables.
There are ethical or privacy concerns to consider.
Explanation:
List and explain three examples of evidence for Evolution by naturalselection
The three main examples of evidence for Evolution by natural selection are:
1. Fossil evidence - fossils are preserved remains of living beings, such as animals, plants and other organisms from the past. The show how those organisms were in the past and they can be ued to try ato understand how they evolved;
2. Biogeographical evidence - biography is the study of the geographical distribution of organisms, and it can help us understand migratory movements that could result in different species living in different places but from the same ancestor, for example, among other things (like how and when species may have evolved);
3. Anatomical evidence - anatomical evidences are similarities in anatomy and structure of different organisms, showing that they could be related.
Plants gather the suns energy with light-absorbing molecules. What are these molecules called?.
Answer:
photosystems
Explanation:
The molecules that hold the pigments that capture light energy used in photosynthesis are called photosystems. There are actually two types of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane (PSI) (PSII).
in a large maternity hospital in copenhagen, there were 94,075 births. ten of the infants were achondroplastic dwarfs. achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant trait show virtually full penetrance. only two of the afflicted children had a dwarf parent. what is the mutation rate of the achondroplasia gene in this populations?
the mutation rate of the achondroplasia gene in this population is 8.50 × 10⁻⁵
It is Given that Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder,
The total births = 94075,
Dwarfism achondroplasia affects ten infants.
The parents of two infants are also dwarfs. As a result, they passed on this condition to them.
Dwarfism caused by achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition. Therefore, those who inherit them from their parents must also have dwarf parents; those who do not have dwarf parents are the result of an achondroplasia gene mutation.
Infants having achondroplasia because of mutation = 10 - 2 = 8
8 infants have the achondroplasia gene mutation.
mutation rate = Infants with gene mutation / Total Infants
mutation rate = 8 / 94075 = 0.0000850 = 8.50 × 10-5
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100 POINTS!! AND BRAINLIEST!!!!
What is cancer?
Is cancer only one disease?
Explain
Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.
The cancerous cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue, including organs. Cancer sometimes begins in one part of the body before spreading to other areas. These substances capable of damaging DNA and triggering cancer are referred to as carcinogens.
Excessive sun exposure (UV)Chemical carcinogen exposure.High-dose chemotherapy and radiation (mainly in children being treated for existing cancers)Hormonal drugs.Immune-suppressing drugs (taken by transplant recipients)How cancer affects our body: Cancer can grow into, or begin to push on nearby organs, blood vessels, and nerves. This pressure causes some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. Cancer may also cause symptoms like fever, extreme tiredness (fatigue), or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up much of the body's energy supply.
No, cancer isn't a single disease.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Ignoring the body's signal to stop, malignant cells multiply to form tumors in organs and tissues or, in the case of blood cancers, crowd out normal cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow.
Some examples of cancer treatments of cancer are, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Cancer drugs, Hormone therapy, Stem cell, and bone marrow transplants, and Targeted cancer drugs.
A new treatment involving a photosensitizing agent that makes cells more sensitive to light and, by doing so, causes cancer cells to be destroyed when laser light is directed on a cancerous area.
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Which term matches this definition?
data that is numerical
A. quantitative data
B. qualitative data
C. precision data
D. trend data
ITS A
Mendels law of segregation states:A. Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes B. Two alleles from each gene move apart from each other during gamete formation C. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene and these alleles may be the same or different D. All of the above
Mendel's law of segregation refers to the fact that each individual has two alleles of the same gene, and these alleles are separated in the formation of the gametes, so each gamete has only 1 allele of each gene.
This means that the two alleles of each gene will be in separate gametes (A and B are true) and that each individual has two alleles of each gene (C is true).
So, the right answer would be D) All of the above
Parts of a mast cell and their functions
Our bodies include mast cells, a type of white blood cell. They discharge "mast cell granules," which are chemicals that can help fight off sickness and infection.
Components of mast cell
Histamine, heparin, a number of cytokines, chondroitin sulphate, and neutral proteases are among thee inflammatory mediators that are stored in the 50–200 massive granules that make up the cytoplasm of the mast cell.
Functions of mast cell
Mast cells help regulate other types of immune responses as well as how the immune system reacts to certain germs and parasites. They contain substances including growth factors, cytokines, heparin, and histamine.
Human mast cells come in two different phenotypes: connective tissue mast cells, which produce chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidases, and mucosal mast cells, which exclusively produce tryptase (6, 7). In different tissues and organs, mast cell activation and mediator release have varied effects.
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The animation illustrates one mechanism of transduction. What is a different possible mechanism of transduction?.
A phage that was in a lysogenic life cycle excises itself from the host's genome and some of the host's DNA is excised along with the phage DNA.
What is transduction ?The phospholipase C-protein kinase C (PLC-PKC) pathway is stimulated after Gq proteins are activated, leading to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. This transduction mechanism is what causes this neuroexcitation.
Generalized and specialised transduction are the two types. Any part of the host's genome can be acquired by the bacteriophages through generalised transduction. Contrarily, with specialised transduction, bacteriophages only take up a limited range of the host's DNA.Learn more about Transduction here:
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The following depicts the cell wall of a bacterial cell. Is this cell a gram negative, or a gram positive bacteria Briefly explain why.
The bacteria shown in the image is Gram negative because of following characteristic-
0. The wall is two-layered.
,1. The wall is wavy.
,2. Outer membrane is present.
Gram negative bacteria are those which do not retain the Grams stain which consist of alkaline solution of crystal violet,then treated with 0.5% iodine solution followed by washing with water or acetone.
The bacteria which retain blue or purple color are gram positive bacteria.
Ex of Gram negative bacteria-E.coli
Which parts of the brain constitute the emotional brain known as the limbic system?.
The part of the brain that is the emotional brain is known as the limbic system, namely the frontal lobe.
The cerebrum is divided into 4 parts, namely:Frontal lobe: located at the front of the brain, roughly parallel to the forehead bone. This lobe controls movement, speech, behavior, memory, emotion, and personality, and plays a role in intellectual functions, such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and planning.Parietal lobe (upper): located behind the frontal lobe which controls sensations, such as touch, pressure, pain, and temperature, and also controls spatial orientation or understanding of size, shape, and direction.Temporal lobes: located on the right and left sides of the brain, near the ears. This lobe functions to control the sense of hearing, memory, and emotion, and also plays a role in the function of speech.Occipital lobe: located at the back of the brain which controls vision.
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