There are various types of somatic sensory neurons specialized for transmitting certain types of information as stimuli are applied to change receptor alters the ionic permeability of the receptor creating generator potentials which triggers an action potential. Most are cutaneous receptors.
The somatic sensory neurons, which consists of sensory and motor neurons, is made up of spinal and cranial nerves. Skin, skeletal muscle, and sensory organs all use sensory neurons to transmit sensory information to the central nervous system. Motor neurons convey the intended movement to the CNS, causing muscles to contract. An animal would be unable to process any environmental information and would be unable to control its motor actions without the sensory-somatic nerve system. Sensory and motor neurons only have one synapse, with one end of the neuron directly touching a CNS cell, in contrast to the autonomic nervous system, which has two synapses between the CNS and the target organ. The primary neurotransmitter released at these synapses is acetylcholine.
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How does nitrogen based fertilizer affect the environment?
Answer:
Nitrogen based fertilizers can provide an excess of nitrogen to the environment, leading to an increase in nitrogen levels in the soil, water, and air. This can lead to a range of environmental issues, including air and water pollution, eutrophication, algal blooms, and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Explanation:
If you continue to increase the intensity of flight that a plant receives what happens?
Explanation:
One of the elements impacting photosynthesis's rate is light intensity. The amount of carbon dioxide present, the temperature, and to a lesser extent, water, are additional factors.
In photosynthesis, light intensity both directly and indirectly influences the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
When the amount of light present is insufficient to allow the light-dependent process to proceed at its maximum rate, this is when light becomes a limiting factor.
Except for plants in the shaded understory of forests, light is not typically a limiting factor.
Due to the bleaching of chlorophyll, extremely strong light intensities could reduce the rate of photosynthesis.
However, exposed plants typically have defense mechanisms like thick, waxy cuticles and hairy leaves.
So it ultimately depends upon the type of plant and it's tendency to react to certain factors .
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rna polymerase adds ribonucleotides onto the _____ end of a growing rna by forming _____ bonds.
RNA polymerase adds ribonucleotides onto the 3' end of a growing RNA by forming phosphodiester bonds.
In the field of biology, RNA polymerase can be described as an enzyme that adds ribonucleotides to the RNA in order for the synthesis of RNA to occur. The direction of working for the RNA polymerase is only from the 5' to the 3' direction. This means that the RNA polymerase can add ribonucleotides only to the 3' end and not the 5' end.
The ribonucleotides join together for RNA synthesis using the phosphodiester bonds. By phosphodiester bond, the RNA polymerase forms a bond between the 3' carbon of one sugar to the 5; atom of the other sugar.
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how does the models support the idea that genetic mutations may arise from environmental factors?
The models support the idea that genetic mutations may arise from environmental factors by demonstrating that environmental exposure to certain agents, such as radiation and chemicals, can lead to the occurrence of mutations.
These mutations can lead to changes in gene sequences, which can then be passed down to future generations. Additionally, the models can also show how environmental changes, such as food availability or temperature, can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. Some environmental elements can alter a gene's nucleotide sequence. UV radiation, for instance, can break apart DNA strands. Additionally, certain chemicals such as those found in plastic or cigarette smoke can change the chemical behavior of DNA bases, leading one base to take the place of another. These environmental factors can also adjust the epigenome - the chemical markers attached to DNA - which can then cause genes to become more or less activated and determine the amount of protein that's created from them.
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what contribution do mendel's conclusions concerning inheritance make to the understanding of evolutionary processes?
They give organisms a method to distinguish themselves from one another.
Natural selection, genetic drift, non-random mating, gene flow, and limited population sizes.
The inherited phenotypes, according to his prediction, do not converge over generations. Instead, he proposed that the progeny receive distinct "particles." The dominant phenotype will manifest itself if one of these particles has the upper hand.
Gregor Mendel came to the conclusion that the qualities handed down to the next generation are determined by chemical causes. Genes are the name of this chemical component. The traits of an organism are produced by genes in two contrasting forms known as alleles.
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Deforestation - amazon rain forest, brazil. On average, based on your answer to problem 4, how much deforestation occurred in this area per year (km2/yr)?
Answer:An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since the trees were taking in carbon dioxide from the environment
Explanation:
When mt. st. helen erupted in 1980, all living organisms within the immediate blast zone were killed by the explosion and debris. what type of succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance?
When Mt. St. Helen erupted in 1980, all living organisms within the immediate blast zone were killed by the explosion and debris, primary succession occurred in this area following this catastrophic disturbance.
Forty years past, when 2 months of earthquakes and tiny explosions, Mount St. Helens cataclysmically erupted. A high-speed blast leveled countless trees and ripped soil from bedrock. The eruption fed a soaring plume of ash for over 9 hours, and winds carried the ash many miles away.
Primary succession happens once a brand new patch of land is made or exposed for the primary time. this may happen, for instance, once volcanic rock cools and creates new rocks, or once a ice mass retreats and exposes rocks with none soil. throughout primary succession, organisms should begin from scratch.
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enamel is derived from the: group of answer choices a. outer enamel epithelium b. inner enamel epithelium c. stellate reticulum d. stratum intermedium e. reduced enamel epithelium
The toughest substance created through biological processes is enamel. It makes up the anatomical crown of a tooth and is derived from the epithelium.
The pulp and dentine of the tooth are made by the ectomesenchyme, whereas the enamel of the tooth is made by the oral epithelium. Deep within the oral epithelium is the ectomesenchyme. Ectoderm and mesoderm from the embryonic germ layer evolve into teeth. The oral cavity's ectoderm forms the enamel portion, while the related mesenchymal cells form all other tissues. The makeup of enamel. All mineralized tissues in vertebrates, including the enamel, contain about 95 weight percent (carbonated) apatite, a calcium phosphate mineral (3). Apatite crystals primarily grow along their c-axis and have elongated forms as a result.
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in the past 150 years, co2 emissions have risen by nearly 50%. what has dramatically increased during this time that has led to this increase in co2? explain how this has occurred.
Scientists can detect a specific isotopic fingerprint in the atmosphere, indicating that this rise is a result of human activity.
What makes a human a human?The word "human" first appears in writing in the middle of the 13th century and derives from the Middle French humain, which means "of or pertaining to man." That term itself derives from the Latin word humanus, which is supposed to be a cross between the words for "man" and "earth" (homo and humus). In contrast to birds, planes, and even celestial spirits, a human.
What does it actually meant to be an human?Being, pertaining to, or being of or pertaining to a person or to people as opposed to animals: About 60% of the human body is made up of water. They discovered some remains that they believed to be human.
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how do goats reproduce?
Answer:
by reproduction process
because male has male garments and female goat has a female garments which when combaing with the male garment may lead to form a zygot
In which situations should you yield right of way?
When making a left turn across oncoming lanes of traffic, you must stop and let incoming traffic pass.
While relocating from a driveway, parking lot, or exclusive road. From a private road, alley, parking garage, driveway, etc., you must stop and give way to all oncoming traffic before entering or crossing a public road.
A first-time offender faces a punishment ranging from $500 to $1,250 for failing to yield to a school bus. A Class A misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $4,000 and/or one year in prison is causing serious bodily harm by failing to cede right of way to school bus passengers.
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archaeologists discovered a new set of mummies in egypt with what unique feature?
Archaeologists discovered a new set of mummies in Egypt with Golden tongue or amulet placed in the deceased's mouth.
What is archeologist?An archaeologist is a scientist who studies human history by digging up human remains and artifacts.Archaeologists determine where an ancient temple was built by finding ancient records related to the specific area or region.Lucy, the oldest human known to man — nearly 3.2 million years oldWhat have we learned from discovered?A mummy preserves information about lifestyle, diet, diseases, cause of death, and religious and funerary beliefs, giving us an insight into aspects of the civilisation that archaeology and ancient literature alone cannot provide.
What is so special about mummies?The Egyptians believed that the mummified body was the home for this soul or spirit.If the body was destroyed, the spirit might be lost.Learn more about Evolution from brainly.com/question/928273.
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a tumor-suppressor gene has been identified. however, dna sequencing in one patient shows that one copy of the gene has been deleted, but the other copy has a normal dna sequence (including the regulatory sequence). how can this result be best explained?
A DNA repair protein is encoded for by the tumor suppressor gene. The function of the gene is impacted by a base-pair alteration in the copy of the gene that is not deleted. There is an epigenetic alteration that lowers the expression of the copy of the gene that is not eliminated.
A change in cell proliferation and tumor development need mutations in both copies of a particular tumor suppressor gene pair. Tumor suppressor genes are therefore referred to as recessive at the cellular level. Tumor suppressor gene mutations are often acquired. Uncontrolled cell division may take place when a tumor suppressor gene is rendered inactive by a mutation, which prevents the production of the protein it encodes or impairs its correct function. These mutations could aid in the growth of a malignancy. A tumor suppressor gene's function is lost or diminished as a result of mutation. This could enable the cell to develop abnormally when coupled with other genetic abnormalities.
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Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the?A) dorsal horn of the spinal cord gray matter.B) ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.C) lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.D) sympathetic chain ganglia.E) collateral ganglia.
The lateral horn of the spinal cord's gray matter, between T1 and L2, is home to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons' cell bodies.
The sympathetic preganglionic neuron releases what?Since cholinergic preganglionic neurons produce acetylcholine (Ach) at the ganglion synapse, sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons share this property.The lateral horn of the spinal cord's gray matter, between T1 and L2, is home to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons' cell bodies.The sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are located within the spinal cord, and their axons travel via the ventral horn before leaving in the ventral roots, where they connect to postganglionic neurons to establish synapses.To learn more about Sympathetic preganglionic neurons refer to:
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what do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that a full set of dna gets passed on
The copying of DNA in the course of duplicate is essential because the DNA should be copied so there's a complete set of DNA to byskip directly to every daughter cell.
The replication of DNA guarantees that every daughter mobileular shaped on the give up of mobileular division, gets same quantity of DNA. If DNA might not be copied then the daughter cells might not acquire all vital genes.
The copying of DNA in the course of duplicate is essential because: The replication of DNA guarantees that every daughter mobileular shaped on the give up of mobileular division, gets same quantity of DNA. If DNA might not be copied then the daughter cells might not acquire all vital genes.
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would a cross between a homozygous purple-smooth parent (ppss) and a parent that is heterozygous for both traits (ppss) result in offspring that produced either yellow or wrinkled seeds? explain your answer by listing the genotypes and phenotypes produced by the cross.
The given statement "A cross between a homozygous purple-smooth parent (PPSS) and heterozygous for both traits (PpSs) would produce offspring that is either yellow or wrinkled seeds." is true.
Crossing over is the exchange of DNA between homologous and non-homologous chromosome.
The homozygous purple-smooth parent will only produce gametes PP and SS, while the heterozygous parent (Pp,Ss) will produce gametes with P_S_, P_s_, p_S_, and p_s_ . Thus the offspring will have a [tex]\dfrac {1} {4}[/tex] chance of being homozygous recessive (ppss), that will have yellow and wrinkled seeds while the other [tex]\dfrac {3}{4}[/tex] of the offspring will be heterozygous (PpSs), that will have purple and smooth seeds.
Genotype:
1/4 ppss - Yellow and wrinkled
3/4 PpSs - Purple and smooth
Phenotype:
1/4 Yellow and wrinkled
3/4 Purple and smooth
Therefore, the given statement is true.
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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,
Would a cross between a homozygous purple-smooth parent (PPSS) and a parent that is heterozygous for both traits (PpSs) result in offspring that produced either yellow or wrinkled seeds? explain your answer by listing the genotypes and phenotypes produced by the cross.
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane always has one axial and one equatorial methyl group. t or f
Cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane always has one axial and one equatorial methyl group. The given statement is True.
What is Isomer?In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.
Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties
What is conformer?Conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds.
What is stereoisomerism?In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution),
They differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
Geometric isomers are compounds with the same atomic and bond composition but different spatial arrangements of the component atoms.
In cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, one methyl group is axial and one methyl group is equatorial in both ring flip conformers, so neither conformer is more stable than the other.
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which molecular orbital has zero nodes, contributes to bonding, and has nonzero electron density directly along the internuclear axis?
The lowest energy orbital, or LUMO, functions as an electron acceptor and indicates how vulnerable a molecule is to attack by nucleophiles since it has the potential to accept electrons.
What do nodes in molecule orbitals represent?
The node of orbit: an orbital point or plane with no electron density. Constantly surrounded by two or more orbital lobes.
What benzene has the highest electron density out of the following?
The highest number (3) of these H-C bonds are connected to the unsaturated system in compound A (toluene). Thus, it will have the greatest degree of hyperconjugation and the greatest amount of electron density on the aromatic nucleus.
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Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not
in mitosis?
A. Chromosomes coil and condense.
B. Spindle
fi
bers form across the cell.
C. The nuclear membrane breaks down.
D. Pairs of homologous chromosomes are
separated.
The circumstance that occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis is the coining and condensation of Chromosomes. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Meiosis?Meiosis may be characterized as a type of cell division in which each parent cell is divided into four daughter cells. These daughter cells are genetically unique to their parental cell and are haploid in nature. Gamete cells (germ cells) are usually divided by this method of cell division.
The events that happen in the process of meiosis may include the pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing over, and lining up along the metaphase plate in tetrads.
Therefore, the condensation and coiling of chromosomes is the circumstance that occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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In the wall of the cecum and colon, the longitudinal layer of the muscularis forms?
The taeniae coli, or bands of longitudinal muscle fibres, are three strap-like structures that make up the longitudinal layer of the muscularis of the large intestine. Each of these bands is about 1/5 in wide. The bands of longitudinal muscle fibres run from the cecum to the rectum, beginning at the base of the appendix.
What are the layers of the stomach's Tunica muscularis?
The smooth muscle deep to the submucosa is called the gastric muscularis externa, often known as the tunica muscularis. It has three layers: an inner oblique one, a middle circular one, and an exterior longitudinal one. Mechanical digestion depends on the churning motions produced by the muscularis externa layer.
What does the colon's muscularis externa look like?
Segmental contractions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract are caused by the muscularis externa. Together with digestive enzymes, these muscles cause food to move and churn down the GI tract. A longitudinal outer muscle layer and an interior circular layer make up the muscularis externa.
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how do variations affect the survival and reproduction of organisms as well as the characteristics of future generations?
A characteristic that is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce enhances the likelihood that the variant will be passed down to the next generation.
What about reproduction of organisms?The generation of descendants is reduplication.Asexual reduplication and sexual reduplication are the two primary typesAn critter that reproduces sexually incorporates the inheritable material from both of its parents and is genetically distinct.By having one parent copy it, asexual reduplication produces children who are genetically similar.Reproduction is the natural process that results in the creation of brand-new individual brutes, or" seed," from pre-existing people, or" parents."Fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis are exemplifications of asexual reduplication, whereas sexual reduplication is fulfilled by fusing the reproductive cells of two different peopleIt's a natural process by which living effects produce seeds that act on them.The durability of numerous species on Earth is assured via reduplication.The species will not be suitable to survive for veritably long without reduplication, and it could go defunct veritably soon.The durability of the species and forestallment of its extermination are guaranteed by reduplication.It contributes to elaboration by generating variants through inheritable recombination.The ecosystem's species diversity is backed by it.A new critter is created by the natural process of sexual reduplication by fusing the inheritable material of two different species.This process begins with meiosis, a particular kind of cell division.By producing haploid gametes, each of the two parent organisms contributes half of the inheritable composition of the child.Learn more about reproduction of organisms here:
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2 tomatoe seeds are placed in a pot, the pot is in direct sunlight. the pot is watered daily. how high the seeds grow is observed and recorded.
The growth of tomato seeds that are left directly under the sunlight will grow shorter than those planted in a dark place.
If tomato seeds are planted in a dark place, the tomatoes will grow longer than usual. This event occurs due to the influence of phytohormones, especially the auxin hormone.
The main function of the auxin hormone is to regulate cells and stimulate cell elongation in the back of the end meristem. The auxin hormone is very sensitive to sunlight. When exposed to sunlight, this hormone will decompose and break down.
If planted in the light, the tomatoes will grow shorter than those planted in the dark. Events occur due to the influence of phytohormones, especially the hormone auxin.
This auxin hormone will decompose and be damaged if it is directly exposed to sunlight so that the rate of plant growth is not too fast. as a result, the plant stems will be shorter, but with a healthy physical condition of the plant, the leaves look fresh and have enough chlorophyll.
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human ict evolution may be visualised as a three-stage rocket: prehistory, history and hyperhistory group of answer choices true false
True. human evolution may be visualised as a three-stage rocket: prehistory, history and hyperhistory.
A three-stage rocket can be used to represent human evolution: There are no ICTs in prehistory; there are ICTs in history and they record and transmit data, but human societies still rely primarily on other technologies for energy and primary resources; there are ICTs in hyperhistory and they record, transmit, and, most importantly, process data increasingly autonomously, and human societies become utterly dependent on them and on information as a fundamental resource.
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what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?
In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced in a similar manner, but the "cloned" cells that are produced do not enter a female's uterus.
What is the correct of definition of reproductive and therapeutic cloning?Animals are replicated in their entirety through reproductive cloning. In trials aiming at producing tissues to replace damaged or ill tissues, therapeutic cloning creates embryonic stem cells.The most well-known clone was Dolly, a Scottish sheep. Cloning can have three different forms: Gene cloning, which duplicates genes or DNA stretches. reproductive cloning, in which entire animals are duplicated. the creation of embryonic stem cells using therapeutic cloning.Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning to produce an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced in a similar manner, but the "cloned" cells that are produced do not enter a female's uterus. Instead, they are left in a dish in the laboratory.To learn more about therapeutic cloning refer,
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place the following labels in order indicating the passage of sound waves through the ear and hearing apparatus starting outside the ear.
1. Auricle, 2. Auditory canal, 3. Tympanic membrane, 4. Ossicles,5. Oval window, 6. Scala vestibuli,7. Scala tympani, 8. Round window are in order indicating the passage of sound waves through the ear and hearing apparatus starting outside the ear.
What is the right procedure for listening to something?The listening process consists of five steps: hearing, paying attention, understanding, responding, and recalling.
What happens during a hearing?The pinna in the outer ear, which collects sound waves (vibrations), directs them into the external auditory canal. The circular tympanic membrane (ear drum) vibrates as sound waves strike it after traveling down the external auditory canal, which is coated with hair and wax.
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question:-
Which is the correct order in which sound waves flow through the ear ?
Place the following events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells.
Rank the options below
- Basilar membrane moves up and down
- Potassium ions enter hair cell causing depolarization
- Inner hair cell are pushed agains the tectorial membrane
- Oval window vibrates
- Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the scala vestibule
- Stereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open potassium channels
Events in order starting with the vibration of the oval window and ending with the depolarization of hair cells are.
Oval window vibrates Pressure wave travels through the perilymph of the Scala vestibuliBasilar membrane moves up and downInner hair cells are pushed against the tectorial membraneStereocilia bend and tip-link proteins open potassium channelsPotassium ions enter hair cell causing depolarizationIn general mechanical vibrations in the stapes at the basal plate of oval window creates the pressure and waves in the perilymph of the Scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
Thus ,these waves are responsible in moving around the tip of the cochlea through the helicotrema at the place of scala tympani and deplete when they hit window.
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HELP FAST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
RR (round peas) and rr (wrinkled peas), The heterozygous peas have genotype Rr which when crossed will have RR, Rr, Rr and rr. Therefore, 50% of the off springs will be heterozygous.
What is a punnett square?
The genotypes of a certain cross or breeding experiment are predicted using the Punnett square, a square diagram. It bears Reginald C. Punnett's name, who developed the method in 1905. Biologists use the figure to calculate the likelihood that a child will have a certain genotype.
When two heterozygotes are crossed, the anticipated genotype ratio is 1 (homozygous dominant): 2 (heterozygous): 1. (homozygous recessive) or 1:2:1.
R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr
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The growth hormone axis contains at least one example of a negative feedback loop.
True
False
At least one instance of a negative feedback loop can be found in the growth hormone axis. So, this assertion is true.
Control of thyroid hormone secretion is a key instance of a negative feedback loop. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, sometimes known as "T4 and T3," are thyroid hormones that are produced and secreted by the thyroid glands and have an impact on metabolism all over the body. The female menstrual cycle is controlled by a negative feedback loop involving brain regions. 2. The brain's hypothalamus has a gland that secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
The pituitary gland in the brain receives instructions from the GnRH to create follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The use of negative feedback loops in processes can be seen in homeostatic systems like: Thermoregulation (if body temperature varies, mechanisms are stimulated to restore normal levels) (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels) blood sugar control (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ; glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low).
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using the structural classification, what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate?
The type of joint the epiphyseal plate is temporary synchondrosis.
Chondrosis, or primary cartilage joints, affects only the hyaline cartilage and may be temporary or permanent. The bone grows longer inside. In children, the epiphyseal plate connects the diaphysis (the trunk of the bone) to the epiphysis (the end of the bone). Over time, the cartilage plates expand and replace bone, expanding the diaphysis.
Eventually, when all the hyaline cartilage is ossified, the bone lengthens and the diaphysis and epiphysis fuse to form a fusion. Other temporary arthropathies lead to the ilium, ischium, and pubis of the hip joint. Over time, these too will fuse into one hip bone.
Permanent synchondrosis does not ossify with age. It retains the hyaline cartilage. Permanent arthrosis serves to connect bones without movement as joints. An example is the rib cage, such as the first sternocostal joint. The first rib is connected to the manubrium by its costal cartilage. Another example is the relationship between the anterior ends of her other 11 ribs and the costal cartilage.
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if the hypothalamus was not stimulated by estrogen, which pathways would be interrupted?
The thyroid-stimulating hormone will be stimulated if estrogen does not activate the hypothalamus.
What is the hypothalamus?The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that secretes hormones to control the function of the body's organs and cells. The most important function of the hypothalamus is homeostasis, which ensures and maintains all body systems running stable.
The hypothalamus releases hormones to another part of the brain, namely the pituitary gland. This gland will then send these hormones to various other organs of the body.
Some of the hormones produced by the hypothalamus are:
Antidiuretic hormoneOxytocin hormoneSomatostatin hormoneGrowth hormone-releasing hormoneGonadotropin-releasing hormoneCorticotropin-releasing hormoneThyrotropin-releasing hormoneLearn more about the function of estrogen here :
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